Table 1
|
Censored
(N=2325) |
Dead + Autopsied
(N=921) |
Dead + Not Autopsied
(N=2463) |
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
295 (12.7%) |
537 (58.3%) |
1727 (70.1%) |
| Expansion |
198 (8.5%) |
210 (22.8%) |
399 (16.2%) |
| Replacement |
1832 (78.8%) |
174 (18.9%) |
337 (13.7%) |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1379 (59.3%) |
538 (58.4%) |
1397 (56.7%) |
| Male |
946 (40.7%) |
383 (41.6%) |
1066 (43.3%) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
89.4 (6.62) |
87.0 (7.15) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
87.6 [66.4, 108] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Year of Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
2010 (6.39) |
2010 (6.97) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
2010 [2000, 2020] |
2010 [1990, 2020] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
286 (12.3%) |
56 (6.1%) |
263 (10.7%) |
| White |
2032 (87.4%) |
865 (93.9%) |
2199 (89.3%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| APOE Status |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1206 (51.9%) |
639 (69.4%) |
1573 (63.9%) |
| + APOE e4 |
451 (19.4%) |
245 (26.6%) |
528 (21.4%) |
| Missing |
668 (28.7%) |
37 (4.0%) |
362 (14.7%) |
| Smoking Status |
|
|
|
| Never |
1265 (54.4%) |
416 (45.2%) |
1109 (45.0%) |
| Former |
994 (42.8%) |
452 (49.1%) |
1187 (48.2%) |
| Current |
62 (2.7%) |
51 (5.5%) |
159 (6.5%) |
| Missing |
4 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
8 (0.3%) |
| Alcohol Use |
|
|
|
| Never |
333 (14.3%) |
171 (18.6%) |
525 (21.3%) |
| Former |
383 (16.5%) |
233 (25.3%) |
704 (28.6%) |
| Current |
1434 (61.7%) |
515 (55.9%) |
1223 (49.7%) |
| Missing |
175 (7.5%) |
2 (0.2%) |
11 (0.4%) |
| exercise_cat |
|
|
|
| No |
509 (21.9%) |
273 (29.6%) |
798 (32.4%) |
| Yes |
1809 (77.8%) |
646 (70.1%) |
1661 (67.4%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
2 (0.2%) |
4 (0.2%) |
| Education |
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
69 (3.0%) |
67 (7.3%) |
323 (13.1%) |
| GED |
13 (0.6%) |
12 (1.3%) |
57 (2.3%) |
| High School |
531 (22.8%) |
371 (40.3%) |
1119 (45.4%) |
| Bachelor's |
669 (28.8%) |
230 (25.0%) |
455 (18.5%) |
| Master's |
571 (24.6%) |
121 (13.1%) |
218 (8.9%) |
| Doctorate |
197 (8.5%) |
48 (5.2%) |
93 (3.8%) |
| Other |
275 (11.8%) |
72 (7.8%) |
196 (8.0%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (0.1%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
315 (13.5%) |
261 (28.3%) |
981 (39.8%) |
| 13-16 |
884 (38.0%) |
408 (44.3%) |
1027 (41.7%) |
| 17+ |
1126 (48.4%) |
252 (27.4%) |
454 (18.4%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.745 (0.728) |
-0.705 (0.713) |
-0.658 (0.717) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.891 [-2.66, 1.97] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64] |
| Missing |
105 (4.5%) |
15 (1.6%) |
31 (1.3%) |
| PM2.5 Exposure from Death (20 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
9.55 (2.39) |
10.6 (2.88) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
8.83 [4.95, 18.1] |
10.1 [4.85, 19.5] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
3 (0.3%) |
288 (11.7%) |
| NO2 Exposure from Death (20 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
14.0 (3.51) |
14.4 (3.67) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
13.2 [6.82, 32.3] |
13.8 [6.15, 35.4] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
3 (0.3%) |
288 (11.7%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
|
| No |
1990 (85.6%) |
642 (69.7%) |
1618 (65.7%) |
| Yes |
335 (14.4%) |
279 (30.3%) |
845 (34.3%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| No |
1136 (48.9%) |
378 (41.0%) |
928 (37.7%) |
| Yes |
1189 (51.1%) |
543 (59.0%) |
1535 (62.3%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
| No |
2091 (89.9%) |
773 (83.9%) |
2012 (81.7%) |
| Yes |
234 (10.1%) |
148 (16.1%) |
451 (18.3%) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
583 (63.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
266 (28.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
72 (7.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
425 (46.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
416 (45.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
80 (8.7%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
250 (27.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
569 (61.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
102 (11.1%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
180 (19.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
522 (56.7%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
219 (23.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
IPW Comparison Table
|
Variable
|
Haneuse (2009)
|
Tsuang (2009)
|
Shaffer (2021)
|
Us!
|
|
Age at Baseline
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Study Cohort
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Education
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Race
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Gender
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Dementia Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Marital Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Age at Death
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Baseline CASI
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Follow-up Time
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Birth Cohort
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
APOE Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Alcohol
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Socioeconomic Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Smoking Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
BMI
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Exercise
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
IADL Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Hypertension
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Diabetes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
CVD
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Self-Rated Health
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Vitamins
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
method_final <- glm(formula = autopsy_flag ~
age_death_yrs_centered +
cohort_cat +
education_cat +
race_cat_simp +
male_cat +
dementia_cat +
marital_cat_binary +
nses_z_cx,
family = binomial, data = autopsy_dead)
Table 1 for IPW variables
|
No
(N=2175) |
Yes
(N=918) |
P-value |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
86.9 (7.22) |
89.3 (6.62) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
87.5 [66.4, 108] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
|
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
1478 (68.0%) |
534 (58.2%) |
<0.001 |
| Expansion |
366 (16.8%) |
210 (22.9%) |
|
| Replacement |
331 (15.2%) |
174 (19.0%) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1214 (55.8%) |
535 (58.3%) |
0.221 |
| Male |
961 (44.2%) |
383 (41.7%) |
|
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
236 (10.9%) |
56 (6.1%) |
<0.001 |
| White |
1938 (89.1%) |
862 (93.9%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.665 (0.720) |
-0.703 (0.711) |
0.178 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.788 [-2.66, 2.64] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
|
| Missing |
28 (1.3%) |
15 (1.6%) |
|
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
845 (38.9%) |
260 (28.3%) |
<0.001 |
| 13-16 |
906 (41.7%) |
407 (44.3%) |
|
| 17+ |
423 (19.4%) |
251 (27.3%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| Dementia Status |
|
|
|
| No Dementia |
1445 (66.4%) |
499 (54.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Dementia |
730 (33.6%) |
419 (45.6%) |
|
| Marital Status |
|
|
|
| Married |
1130 (52.0%) |
496 (54.0%) |
0.309 |
| Not Married |
1045 (48.0%) |
422 (46.0%) |
|
Rachel’s Weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=881) |
Weight > 3
(N=37) |
| age_on_income_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
65.4 (1.42) |
65.0 (0) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
65.0 [65.0, 77.0] |
65.0 [65.0, 65.0] |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.6 (6.54) |
82.2 (4.18) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
90.3 [68.9, 106] |
82.4 [74.4, 89.4] |
| Birth Cohort |
|
|
| 1890-1910 |
150 (17.0%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1915 |
207 (23.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1920 |
236 (26.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1925 |
187 (21.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1930-1950 |
101 (11.5%) |
37 (100%) |
| APOE_adjusted_no |
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
640 (72.6%) |
33 (89.2%) |
| + APOE e4 |
241 (27.4%) |
4 (10.8%) |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
534 (60.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| Expansion |
210 (23.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
137 (15.6%) |
37 (100%) |
| Education |
|
|
| Less than High School |
64 (7.3%) |
2 (5.4%) |
| GED |
11 (1.2%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| High School |
354 (40.2%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Bachelor's |
221 (25.1%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| Master's |
118 (13.4%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| Doctorate |
47 (5.3%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Other |
66 (7.5%) |
6 (16.2%) |
| race_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
| Non-White |
47 (5.3%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| White |
834 (94.7%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| alcohol_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
165 (18.7%) |
5 (13.5%) |
| Former |
220 (25.0%) |
13 (35.1%) |
| Current |
496 (56.3%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| nses_z_cx_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.708 (0.708) |
-0.579 (0.638) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.798 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.598 [-1.58, 1.07] |
| smoke_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
398 (45.2%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| Former |
435 (49.4%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Current |
48 (5.4%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| bmi_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Underweight |
10 (1.1%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Normal |
313 (35.5%) |
11 (29.7%) |
| Overweight |
378 (42.9%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Obese |
180 (20.4%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| exercise_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| No |
257 (29.2%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Yes |
624 (70.8%) |
21 (56.8%) |
| iadl_flag_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
0.184 (0.388) |
0.108 (0.315) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
508 (57.7%) |
27 (73.0%) |
| Male |
373 (42.3%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
| No |
360 (40.9%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| Yes |
521 (59.1%) |
20 (54.1%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
| No |
742 (84.2%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| Yes |
139 (15.8%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
| No |
611 (69.4%) |
29 (78.4%) |
| Yes |
270 (30.6%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| ratehealth_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
2.53 (0.921) |
2.86 (0.976) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
| VitaminMulti_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
413 (46.9%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| 2 |
468 (53.1%) |
20 (54.1%) |
Our weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=915) |
Weight > 3
(N=3) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.4 (6.59) |
78.0 (8.77) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
90.0 [70.8, 106] |
78.6 [68.9, 86.4] |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
531 (58.0%) |
3 (100%) |
| Expansion |
210 (23.0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
174 (19.0%) |
0 (0%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
| < 13 |
257 (28.1%) |
3 (100%) |
| 13-16 |
407 (44.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| 17+ |
251 (27.4%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
| Non-White |
54 (5.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| White |
861 (94.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
534 (58.4%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Male |
381 (41.6%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| Dementia Status |
|
|
| No Dementia |
496 (54.2%) |
3 (100%) |
| Dementia |
419 (45.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Marital Status |
|
|
| Married |
495 (54.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Not Married |
420 (45.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| NDI |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.705 (0.711) |
-0.160 (0.571) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.0588 [-0.775, 0.354] |
| Missing |
15 (1.6%) |
0 (0%) |
Primary Models
ath_mod1_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_20_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_20_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod3_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_20_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
smoke_cat +
exercise_cat +
alcohol_cat +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_20_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*HTN_cat_tv +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
education_cat,
data = autopsy_90l, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")
Aim 1: Vascular Pathologies
Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 0.228
|
0.013
|
0.039
|
0.001 – 0.731
|
0.039
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.072
|
0.980 – 1.175
|
0.132
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
941.026
|
2.670 – 697765.615
|
0.031
|
937.962
|
2.760 – 663660.425
|
0.030
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
6.039
|
0.427 – 70.225
|
0.167
|
5.498
|
0.389 – 63.829
|
0.190
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
3520.501
|
19.876 – 1444778.913
|
0.004
|
3721.844
|
21.345 – 1487622.687
|
0.004
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.056
|
0.763 – 1.464
|
0.744
|
1.060
|
0.766 – 1.470
|
0.725
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.718
|
0.369 – 1.332
|
0.308
|
0.729
|
0.375 – 1.349
|
0.329
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.043
|
0.815 – 1.338
|
0.739
|
1.121
|
0.880 – 1.429
|
0.356
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.075
|
0.001 – 4.095
|
0.200
|
0.044
|
0.001 – 2.250
|
0.117
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
235.887
|
16.530 – 3619.257
|
<0.001
|
42.665
|
9.870 – 187.146
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.802
|
0.067 – 50.740
|
0.727
|
0.329
|
0.028 – 3.956
|
0.376
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.125
|
0.786 – 1.618
|
0.524
|
1.133
|
0.792 – 1.629
|
0.498
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.866
|
0.560 – 1.346
|
0.519
|
0.865
|
0.557 – 1.350
|
0.520
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.254
|
0.693 – 2.316
|
0.461
|
1.257
|
0.695 – 2.317
|
0.456
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.085
|
0.755 – 1.557
|
0.660
|
1.071
|
0.746 – 1.538
|
0.709
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.098
|
0.699 – 1.733
|
0.686
|
1.091
|
0.692 – 1.728
|
0.709
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.990
|
0.911 – 1.077
|
0.807
|
|
Observations
|
816
|
816
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.146
|
0.144
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.196
|
0.001 – 48.294
|
0.566
|
0.247
|
0.000 – 674.073
|
0.726
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.033
|
0.921 – 1.163
|
0.583
|
1.157
|
0.988 – 1.362
|
0.073
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.197
|
0.779 – 1.844
|
0.413
|
0.883
|
0.523 – 1.500
|
0.642
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.174
|
<0.001
|
1.139
|
1.041 – 1.253
|
0.006
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.967
|
0.431 – 2.102
|
0.933
|
0.325
|
0.052 – 1.153
|
0.134
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.015
|
0.724 – 1.424
|
0.930
|
1.184
|
0.802 – 1.769
|
0.402
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.504
|
0.003 – 96.867
|
0.794
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.272
|
0.034
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
182.083
|
5.918 – 6494.483
|
0.003
|
366.811
|
3.594 – 39932.721
|
0.013
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.232
|
0.015 – 110.359
|
0.927
|
0.589
|
0.001 – 150.472
|
0.858
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.247
|
0.780 – 2.002
|
0.357
|
0.960
|
0.527 – 1.805
|
0.896
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.156
|
0.625 – 2.158
|
0.647
|
0.542
|
0.286 – 1.042
|
0.063
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.583
|
0.675 – 3.793
|
0.295
|
1.204
|
0.439 – 4.002
|
0.736
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.118
|
0.684 – 1.827
|
0.655
|
1.059
|
0.595 – 1.885
|
0.846
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.085
|
0.590 – 2.000
|
0.794
|
1.203
|
0.594 – 2.498
|
0.612
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
400
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.118
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.963
|
0.071 – 12.179
|
0.977
|
178.380
|
3.790 – 16902.552
|
0.015
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.972
|
0.869 – 1.090
|
0.619
|
0.982
|
0.857 – 1.137
|
0.797
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.209
|
0.786 – 1.864
|
0.389
|
0.866
|
0.511 – 1.476
|
0.594
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.136
|
1.039 – 1.249
|
0.007
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.998
|
0.446 – 2.161
|
0.996
|
0.284
|
0.045 – 1.009
|
0.094
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.071
|
0.773 – 1.485
|
0.680
|
1.354
|
0.914 – 2.027
|
0.135
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.436
|
0.003 – 79.960
|
0.749
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.089
|
0.016
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
84.189
|
11.600 – 634.333
|
<0.001
|
10.122
|
0.756 – 120.550
|
0.072
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.578
|
0.019 – 19.169
|
0.755
|
0.019
|
0.000 – 1.307
|
0.094
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.251
|
0.783 – 2.008
|
0.350
|
0.946
|
0.520 – 1.774
|
0.858
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.171
|
0.631 – 2.196
|
0.618
|
0.532
|
0.279 – 1.024
|
0.056
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.568
|
0.669 – 3.755
|
0.305
|
1.286
|
0.472 – 4.258
|
0.648
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.119
|
0.684 – 1.828
|
0.654
|
1.054
|
0.593 – 1.873
|
0.858
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.104
|
0.596 – 2.047
|
0.754
|
1.154
|
0.568 – 2.400
|
0.695
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
400
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.107
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.090
|
0.010
|
0.023
|
0.000 – 9.344
|
0.208
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.161
|
1.034 – 1.307
|
0.013
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
12655.219
|
4.637 – 113626369.403
|
0.029
|
13941.059
|
5.523 – 111459430.050
|
0.025
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
5.536
|
0.294 – 87.309
|
0.238
|
4.488
|
0.240 – 70.100
|
0.299
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
10449.965
|
15.639 – 22852621.236
|
0.010
|
12970.897
|
19.795 – 26897995.767
|
0.008
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.946
|
0.655 – 1.369
|
0.767
|
0.929
|
0.645 – 1.342
|
0.693
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.281
|
0.675 – 2.357
|
0.435
|
1.343
|
0.713 – 2.454
|
0.346
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.925
|
0.707 – 1.210
|
0.567
|
1.041
|
0.802 – 1.353
|
0.765
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.667
|
0.000 – 3490.768
|
0.929
|
0.254
|
0.000 – 1235.438
|
0.759
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
11.423
|
0.137 – 816.189
|
0.269
|
0.301
|
0.010 – 6.629
|
0.464
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
30.138
|
0.042 – 14552.831
|
0.290
|
0.882
|
0.002 – 202.051
|
0.965
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.270
|
0.850 – 1.922
|
0.249
|
1.288
|
0.864 – 1.945
|
0.220
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.168
|
0.735 – 1.885
|
0.516
|
1.139
|
0.716 – 1.842
|
0.587
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.595
|
0.334 – 1.068
|
0.080
|
0.610
|
0.344 – 1.090
|
0.093
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.036
|
0.685 – 1.565
|
0.865
|
0.985
|
0.653 – 1.482
|
0.941
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.171
|
0.705 – 1.962
|
0.546
|
1.123
|
0.676 – 1.885
|
0.656
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.995
|
0.911 – 1.090
|
0.909
|
|
Observations
|
700
|
700
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.085
|
0.074
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.624
|
0.041
|
20.898
|
0.000 – 14070781.996
|
0.640
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.220
|
1.034 – 1.451
|
0.021
|
1.101
|
0.926 – 1.316
|
0.282
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.178
|
0.712 – 1.963
|
0.525
|
0.685
|
0.392 – 1.203
|
0.185
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.082
|
1.018 – 1.152
|
0.012
|
1.048
|
0.958 – 1.152
|
0.314
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.717
|
0.286 – 1.688
|
0.458
|
2.301
|
0.900 – 5.544
|
0.070
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.970
|
0.662 – 1.424
|
0.877
|
0.955
|
0.643 – 1.431
|
0.822
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
1130.309
|
0.022 – 41750543.413
|
0.186
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 63.751
|
0.167
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
39.237
|
0.156 – 10650.212
|
0.193
|
0.760
|
0.000 – 1334.608
|
0.946
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
4975.441
|
1.716 – 14709327.687
|
0.034
|
0.006
|
0.000 – 562.401
|
0.409
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.798
|
1.045 – 3.155
|
0.037
|
0.799
|
0.432 – 1.529
|
0.486
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.336
|
0.699 – 2.611
|
0.388
|
1.070
|
0.523 – 2.326
|
0.858
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.719
|
0.301 – 1.710
|
0.455
|
0.476
|
0.211 – 1.115
|
0.078
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.924
|
0.508 – 1.674
|
0.794
|
1.259
|
0.685 – 2.325
|
0.459
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.089
|
0.536 – 2.229
|
0.814
|
1.215
|
0.573 – 2.669
|
0.618
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
365
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.085
|
0.039
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.339
|
0.001 – 110.179
|
0.702
|
3108.017
|
0.224 – 227671823.598
|
0.128
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.995
|
0.881 – 1.130
|
0.931
|
0.956
|
0.834 – 1.110
|
0.536
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.164
|
0.704 – 1.936
|
0.555
|
0.666
|
0.379 – 1.174
|
0.158
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.077
|
1.014 – 1.145
|
0.017
|
1.053
|
0.962 – 1.157
|
0.273
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.843
|
0.341 – 1.959
|
0.699
|
2.158
|
0.848 – 5.163
|
0.092
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.138
|
0.787 – 1.652
|
0.494
|
1.071
|
0.720 – 1.605
|
0.736
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
301.593
|
0.007 – 10680353.346
|
0.277
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 16.158
|
0.126
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.336
|
0.007 – 14.105
|
0.565
|
0.056
|
0.000 – 21.787
|
0.393
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
46.576
|
0.048 – 41870.428
|
0.259
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 16.734
|
0.178
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.832
|
1.072 – 3.197
|
0.029
|
0.791
|
0.427 – 1.511
|
0.464
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.297
|
0.680 – 2.529
|
0.437
|
1.070
|
0.520 – 2.339
|
0.860
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.713
|
0.300 – 1.686
|
0.441
|
0.500
|
0.222 – 1.167
|
0.099
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.856
|
0.474 – 1.535
|
0.602
|
1.255
|
0.682 – 2.322
|
0.465
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.029
|
0.507 – 2.102
|
0.936
|
1.220
|
0.573 – 2.694
|
0.612
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
365
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.064
|
0.036
|
Aim 2: Vascular Damage
Microinfarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.020
|
0.000 – 1.413
|
0.078
|
0.039
|
0.002 – 0.485
|
0.016
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.013
|
0.936 – 1.097
|
0.746
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
11.211
|
0.095 – 2069.491
|
0.340
|
11.105
|
0.095 – 2028.388
|
0.341
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
8.710
|
1.294 – 58.179
|
0.025
|
8.552
|
1.273 – 56.964
|
0.026
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
16.760
|
0.366 – 1036.732
|
0.161
|
17.010
|
0.374 – 1048.137
|
0.158
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.018
|
0.764 – 1.357
|
0.905
|
1.018
|
0.764 – 1.357
|
0.901
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.026
|
0.614 – 1.720
|
0.921
|
1.027
|
0.614 – 1.720
|
0.920
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.149
|
0.928 – 1.424
|
0.203
|
1.172
|
0.950 – 1.448
|
0.140
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
11.879
|
0.329 – 480.081
|
0.182
|
10.898
|
0.320 – 416.473
|
0.191
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
7.108
|
0.659 – 79.381
|
0.108
|
5.153
|
1.406 – 19.232
|
0.014
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
3.186
|
0.175 – 61.234
|
0.437
|
2.282
|
0.260 – 21.253
|
0.462
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.796
|
0.579 – 1.091
|
0.157
|
0.797
|
0.580 – 1.093
|
0.161
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.920
|
0.627 – 1.351
|
0.671
|
0.925
|
0.628 – 1.362
|
0.693
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.922
|
0.563 – 1.505
|
0.745
|
0.925
|
0.565 – 1.512
|
0.757
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.959
|
0.697 – 1.319
|
0.797
|
0.960
|
0.698 – 1.320
|
0.799
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.014
|
0.679 – 1.514
|
0.948
|
1.018
|
0.680 – 1.525
|
0.931
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.989
|
0.918 – 1.065
|
0.763
|
|
Observations
|
838
|
838
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.042
|
0.042
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.025
|
0.000 – 3.877
|
0.156
|
1.626
|
0.002 – 1091.310
|
0.884
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.066
|
0.959 – 1.188
|
0.240
|
0.910
|
0.798 – 1.035
|
0.156
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.151
|
0.770 – 1.721
|
0.492
|
0.833
|
0.545 – 1.272
|
0.399
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.086
|
1.037 – 1.139
|
0.001
|
1.030
|
0.965 – 1.101
|
0.377
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.981
|
0.487 – 2.004
|
0.958
|
1.053
|
0.472 – 2.332
|
0.899
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.222
|
0.891 – 1.680
|
0.215
|
1.039
|
0.774 – 1.398
|
0.798
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
37.010
|
0.382 – 4234.626
|
0.127
|
163.907
|
0.349 – 238528.222
|
0.136
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
6.893
|
0.280 – 185.097
|
0.243
|
7.061
|
0.147 – 363.261
|
0.325
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
16.781
|
0.333 – 919.561
|
0.162
|
1.804
|
0.016 – 324.274
|
0.816
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.894
|
0.576 – 1.381
|
0.614
|
0.683
|
0.418 – 1.114
|
0.127
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.932
|
0.517 – 1.670
|
0.814
|
0.950
|
0.559 – 1.626
|
0.851
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.206
|
0.552 – 2.627
|
0.637
|
0.749
|
0.375 – 1.486
|
0.408
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.940
|
0.595 – 1.488
|
0.792
|
0.989
|
0.630 – 1.554
|
0.962
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.845
|
0.473 – 1.500
|
0.565
|
1.251
|
0.703 – 2.244
|
0.449
|
|
Observations
|
429
|
409
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.043
|
0.053
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.364
|
0.033 – 3.734
|
0.400
|
0.042
|
0.001 – 1.088
|
0.079
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
1.009
|
0.907 – 1.122
|
0.869
|
0.963
|
0.865 – 1.072
|
0.486
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.169
|
0.784 – 1.747
|
0.444
|
0.824
|
0.538 – 1.261
|
0.374
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.083
|
1.035 – 1.136
|
0.001
|
1.032
|
0.966 – 1.103
|
0.353
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.019
|
0.507 – 2.077
|
0.957
|
1.105
|
0.497 – 2.443
|
0.803
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.297
|
0.957 – 1.766
|
0.095
|
1.008
|
0.749 – 1.357
|
0.960
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
21.810
|
0.242 – 2306.708
|
0.186
|
289.047
|
0.671 – 379807.765
|
0.093
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.366
|
0.227 – 8.302
|
0.733
|
69.651
|
8.139 – 758.255
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
3.621
|
0.183 – 75.733
|
0.401
|
12.974
|
0.338 – 980.129
|
0.206
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.913
|
0.590 – 1.408
|
0.683
|
0.688
|
0.421 – 1.120
|
0.132
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.920
|
0.510 – 1.654
|
0.782
|
0.998
|
0.586 – 1.713
|
0.994
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.197
|
0.548 – 2.606
|
0.650
|
0.744
|
0.373 – 1.479
|
0.399
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.920
|
0.582 – 1.455
|
0.721
|
1.010
|
0.643 – 1.587
|
0.965
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.832
|
0.464 – 1.484
|
0.534
|
1.334
|
0.746 – 2.403
|
0.333
|
|
Observations
|
429
|
409
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.041
|
0.050
|
Gross infarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.008
|
0.000 – 2.070
|
0.097
|
0.138
|
0.003 – 3.923
|
0.282
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.053
|
0.950 – 1.167
|
0.325
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
6.721
|
0.014 – 7139.813
|
0.566
|
6.858
|
0.015 – 6909.190
|
0.559
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
41.765
|
4.041 – 492.140
|
0.002
|
38.276
|
3.711 – 447.562
|
0.003
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
3.862
|
0.032 – 680.025
|
0.591
|
4.427
|
0.038 – 751.857
|
0.550
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.927
|
0.659 – 1.301
|
0.662
|
0.917
|
0.651 – 1.288
|
0.617
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.608
|
0.888 – 3.036
|
0.128
|
1.597
|
0.880 – 3.020
|
0.135
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.036
|
0.809 – 1.324
|
0.779
|
1.133
|
0.888 – 1.446
|
0.316
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 0.300
|
0.011
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 0.212
|
0.007
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
74.218
|
3.414 – 1775.823
|
0.007
|
20.639
|
4.174 – 114.231
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.039
|
0.028 – 43.194
|
0.984
|
0.265
|
0.019 – 4.394
|
0.333
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.927
|
0.636 – 1.340
|
0.688
|
0.927
|
0.636 – 1.342
|
0.690
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.880
|
0.564 – 1.360
|
0.569
|
0.918
|
0.586 – 1.425
|
0.704
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.969
|
0.571 – 1.637
|
0.907
|
0.995
|
0.586 – 1.682
|
0.984
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.155
|
0.793 – 1.687
|
0.453
|
1.168
|
0.802 – 1.707
|
0.419
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.976
|
0.610 – 1.554
|
0.919
|
1.008
|
0.628 – 1.612
|
0.972
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.930
|
0.850 – 1.014
|
0.108
|
|
Observations
|
846
|
846
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.127
|
0.129
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.205
|
0.000 – 215.142
|
0.659
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 3.884
|
0.123
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.026
|
0.886 – 1.190
|
0.735
|
1.094
|
0.945 – 1.267
|
0.227
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.197
|
0.721 – 1.989
|
0.486
|
0.762
|
0.482 – 1.199
|
0.241
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.098
|
1.031 – 1.173
|
0.004
|
0.977
|
0.911 – 1.047
|
0.518
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.773
|
0.750 – 4.680
|
0.215
|
1.608
|
0.686 – 3.989
|
0.285
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.106
|
0.746 – 1.636
|
0.616
|
0.949
|
0.692 – 1.298
|
0.742
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 3.676
|
0.108
|
0.035
|
0.000 – 231.764
|
0.374
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
20.033
|
0.273 – 1773.026
|
0.181
|
2100.184
|
21.919 – 352673.676
|
0.002
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.757
|
0.004 – 146.899
|
0.916
|
15.473
|
0.089 – 8755.164
|
0.336
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.918
|
0.527 – 1.570
|
0.757
|
0.918
|
0.537 – 1.558
|
0.754
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.779
|
0.366 – 1.591
|
0.504
|
1.036
|
0.597 – 1.787
|
0.898
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.972
|
0.400 – 2.319
|
0.949
|
1.044
|
0.527 – 2.072
|
0.901
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.289
|
0.715 – 2.349
|
0.401
|
1.055
|
0.649 – 1.715
|
0.830
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.157
|
0.562 – 2.367
|
0.689
|
0.827
|
0.442 – 1.535
|
0.550
|
|
Observations
|
433
|
413
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.096
|
0.129
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.957
|
0.038 – 19.333
|
0.978
|
0.381
|
0.003 – 12.020
|
0.630
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.943
|
0.818 – 1.072
|
0.387
|
0.911
|
0.808 – 1.022
|
0.116
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.217
|
0.732 – 2.026
|
0.447
|
0.717
|
0.451 – 1.134
|
0.157
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.099
|
1.031 – 1.174
|
0.004
|
0.985
|
0.918 – 1.057
|
0.681
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.798
|
0.765 – 4.728
|
0.202
|
1.517
|
0.643 – 3.776
|
0.351
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.178
|
0.803 – 1.731
|
0.402
|
1.081
|
0.790 – 1.479
|
0.626
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 3.594
|
0.106
|
0.013
|
0.000 – 65.079
|
0.231
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
10.918
|
1.228 – 107.851
|
0.035
|
221.401
|
16.078 – 7313.489
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.415
|
0.010 – 20.636
|
0.648
|
1.283
|
0.029 – 257.503
|
0.910
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.915
|
0.525 – 1.568
|
0.751
|
0.915
|
0.535 – 1.549
|
0.741
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.805
|
0.376 – 1.652
|
0.564
|
1.077
|
0.618 – 1.869
|
0.792
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.972
|
0.399 – 2.322
|
0.949
|
1.117
|
0.563 – 2.221
|
0.751
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.297
|
0.720 – 2.362
|
0.390
|
1.080
|
0.663 – 1.761
|
0.758
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.195
|
0.578 – 2.458
|
0.628
|
0.861
|
0.458 – 1.605
|
0.639
|
|
Observations
|
433
|
413
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.098
|
0.131
|
Aim 3: Modifying effect of established risk factors
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.039
|
0.000 – 11.285
|
0.267
|
2.330
|
0.092 – 58.490
|
0.606
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.056
|
0.936 – 1.194
|
0.381
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
2.714
|
0.368 – 20.120
|
0.327
|
0.282
|
0.028 – 2.520
|
0.266
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.060 – 1.175
|
<0.001
|
1.116
|
1.061 – 1.176
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.290
|
0.832 – 2.008
|
0.257
|
1.282
|
0.825 – 2.000
|
0.271
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.083
|
0.485 – 2.354
|
0.842
|
1.018
|
0.453 – 2.222
|
0.965
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.940
|
0.665 – 1.327
|
0.723
|
1.018
|
0.728 – 1.422
|
0.917
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.691
|
0.004 – 150.892
|
0.891
|
0.358
|
0.002 – 74.746
|
0.700
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
279.437
|
8.903 – 10114.455
|
0.002
|
99.670
|
13.105 – 789.628
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.909
|
0.022 – 180.820
|
0.778
|
0.419
|
0.013 – 15.110
|
0.629
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.275
|
0.790 – 2.069
|
0.321
|
1.267
|
0.784 – 2.057
|
0.336
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.071
|
0.574 – 2.011
|
0.831
|
1.136
|
0.602 – 2.161
|
0.695
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.885
|
0.777 – 4.713
|
0.166
|
1.878
|
0.778 – 4.655
|
0.166
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.111
|
0.676 – 1.828
|
0.677
|
1.064
|
0.644 – 1.755
|
0.809
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.025
|
0.548 – 1.922
|
0.938
|
0.989
|
0.523 – 1.872
|
0.974
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.994
|
0.928 – 1.064
|
0.855
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.836
|
0.671 – 1.027
|
0.096
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.266
|
0.991 – 1.642
|
0.066
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.162
|
0.167
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.297
|
0.001 – 77.267
|
0.672
|
1.304
|
0.089 – 17.839
|
0.844
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.023
|
0.910 – 1.153
|
0.709
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.254
|
0.031 – 2.116
|
0.202
|
0.294
|
0.033 – 2.466
|
0.263
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.114
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.212
|
0.783 – 1.882
|
0.390
|
1.235
|
0.798 – 1.917
|
0.344
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.938
|
0.414 – 2.053
|
0.874
|
1.013
|
0.450 – 2.206
|
0.975
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.028
|
0.732 – 1.446
|
0.874
|
1.081
|
0.780 – 1.502
|
0.639
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.432
|
0.003 – 87.631
|
0.752
|
0.435
|
0.003 – 82.525
|
0.750
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
197.483
|
6.391 – 7063.680
|
0.003
|
87.866
|
12.015 – 668.131
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.287
|
0.015 – 118.061
|
0.912
|
0.616
|
0.020 – 21.066
|
0.785
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.235
|
0.771 – 1.985
|
0.381
|
1.265
|
0.791 – 2.032
|
0.327
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.115
|
0.600 – 2.090
|
0.731
|
1.144
|
0.615 – 2.149
|
0.672
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.480
|
0.627 – 3.564
|
0.375
|
1.502
|
0.638 – 3.613
|
0.356
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.105
|
0.676 – 1.806
|
0.691
|
1.116
|
0.683 – 1.826
|
0.660
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.059
|
0.573 – 1.957
|
0.856
|
1.075
|
0.579 – 1.998
|
0.819
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.043
|
0.970 – 1.121
|
0.248
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.940
|
0.825 – 1.074
|
0.355
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.129
|
0.893 – 1.444
|
0.315
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.135
|
0.136
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.192
|
0.001 – 49.202
|
0.564
|
1.038
|
0.074 – 13.479
|
0.978
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.033
|
0.921 – 1.164
|
0.581
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
0.581
|
0.045 – 8.811
|
0.684
|
0.680
|
0.057 – 7.086
|
0.752
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.114
|
1.060 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.188
|
0.772 – 1.833
|
0.435
|
1.201
|
0.781 – 1.854
|
0.405
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.966
|
0.430 – 2.104
|
0.932
|
1.013
|
0.451 – 2.202
|
0.974
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.004
|
0.714 – 1.411
|
0.984
|
1.061
|
0.765 – 1.474
|
0.721
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.442
|
0.003 – 88.441
|
0.758
|
0.450
|
0.003 – 82.930
|
0.759
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
195.243
|
6.184 – 7151.060
|
0.003
|
79.454
|
10.750 – 610.269
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.242
|
0.015 – 114.091
|
0.924
|
0.604
|
0.020 – 20.103
|
0.774
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.248
|
0.780 – 2.006
|
0.357
|
1.258
|
0.787 – 2.020
|
0.339
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.158
|
0.625 – 2.162
|
0.643
|
1.174
|
0.632 – 2.202
|
0.613
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.573
|
0.671 – 3.768
|
0.302
|
1.543
|
0.657 – 3.698
|
0.324
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.115
|
0.682 – 1.824
|
0.663
|
1.118
|
0.684 – 1.828
|
0.655
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.084
|
0.589 – 1.999
|
0.796
|
1.094
|
0.589 – 2.037
|
0.775
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
1.024
|
0.930 – 1.121
|
0.611
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.958
|
0.844 – 1.090
|
0.510
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.058
|
0.821 – 1.394
|
0.672
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.133
|
0.133
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.106
|
0.016
|
0.737
|
0.002 – 350.867
|
0.919
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.286
|
1.077 – 1.552
|
0.007
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
12.298
|
0.864 – 183.969
|
0.066
|
0.444
|
0.041 – 4.749
|
0.500
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.075
|
1.010 – 1.146
|
0.024
|
1.077
|
1.014 – 1.146
|
0.017
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.203
|
0.724 – 2.014
|
0.477
|
1.166
|
0.704 – 1.943
|
0.552
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.747
|
0.296 – 1.777
|
0.519
|
0.812
|
0.324 – 1.910
|
0.642
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.960
|
0.653 – 1.413
|
0.835
|
1.131
|
0.781 – 1.646
|
0.515
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
3453.938
|
0.063 – 136365211.691
|
0.129
|
236.470
|
0.005 – 8645005.236
|
0.300
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
44.787
|
0.171 – 12638.937
|
0.181
|
0.325
|
0.007 – 13.765
|
0.555
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
9575.793
|
3.048 – 30366550.505
|
0.024
|
37.285
|
0.036 – 34370.204
|
0.290
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.831
|
1.059 – 3.233
|
0.033
|
1.814
|
1.059 – 3.170
|
0.033
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.322
|
0.687 – 2.601
|
0.410
|
1.284
|
0.670 – 2.517
|
0.458
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.773
|
0.321 – 1.863
|
0.565
|
0.733
|
0.308 – 1.739
|
0.480
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.911
|
0.499 – 1.656
|
0.761
|
0.838
|
0.463 – 1.507
|
0.557
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.089
|
0.533 – 2.241
|
0.816
|
0.993
|
0.487 – 2.038
|
0.986
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.913
|
0.824 – 1.010
|
0.080
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.920
|
0.733 – 1.159
|
0.468
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.118
|
0.858 – 1.458
|
0.404
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.094
|
0.067
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 2.067
|
0.073
|
0.413
|
0.001 – 133.425
|
0.754
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.207
|
1.020 – 1.438
|
0.031
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.219
|
0.009 – 4.786
|
0.338
|
1.984
|
0.183 – 20.514
|
0.565
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.089
|
1.023 – 1.160
|
0.008
|
1.082
|
1.018 – 1.152
|
0.013
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.065
|
0.635 – 1.793
|
0.811
|
1.079
|
0.645 – 1.813
|
0.772
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.777
|
0.309 – 1.838
|
0.576
|
0.894
|
0.361 – 2.086
|
0.801
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.915
|
0.620 – 1.349
|
0.652
|
1.094
|
0.753 – 1.594
|
0.639
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
149.398
|
0.003 – 6427944.417
|
0.353
|
137.780
|
0.003 – 5000094.309
|
0.349
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
25.684
|
0.099 – 7282.591
|
0.253
|
0.266
|
0.005 – 11.378
|
0.486
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1586.805
|
0.528 – 4991964.824
|
0.069
|
25.155
|
0.025 – 23311.432
|
0.346
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.694
|
0.974 – 2.997
|
0.065
|
1.801
|
1.048 – 3.155
|
0.036
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.430
|
0.739 – 2.836
|
0.296
|
1.408
|
0.730 – 2.785
|
0.315
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.767
|
0.318 – 1.847
|
0.553
|
0.780
|
0.325 – 1.872
|
0.577
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.954
|
0.521 – 1.742
|
0.879
|
0.888
|
0.489 – 1.603
|
0.694
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.148
|
0.559 – 2.380
|
0.708
|
1.107
|
0.540 – 2.290
|
0.781
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.082
|
0.961 – 1.225
|
0.202
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.998
|
0.867 – 1.160
|
0.978
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
0.978
|
0.758 – 1.275
|
0.864
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.099
|
0.075
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.396
|
0.032
|
0.307
|
0.001 – 103.934
|
0.679
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.226
|
1.039 – 1.458
|
0.018
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
0.248
|
0.007 – 8.032
|
0.437
|
0.792
|
0.055 – 10.017
|
0.860
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.080
|
1.016 – 1.150
|
0.015
|
1.076
|
1.013 – 1.145
|
0.019
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.145
|
0.689 – 1.913
|
0.603
|
1.151
|
0.694 – 1.917
|
0.587
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.732
|
0.291 – 1.728
|
0.487
|
0.862
|
0.347 – 2.014
|
0.738
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.950
|
0.644 – 1.402
|
0.796
|
1.127
|
0.779 – 1.639
|
0.527
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
1206.391
|
0.021 – 57953766.016
|
0.190
|
402.808
|
0.009 – 15659992.259
|
0.256
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
67.272
|
0.241 – 21301.377
|
0.145
|
0.338
|
0.007 – 14.404
|
0.567
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
7299.281
|
2.374 – 25091184.612
|
0.029
|
56.807
|
0.057 – 54179.188
|
0.238
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.778
|
1.029 – 3.130
|
0.042
|
1.853
|
1.082 – 3.239
|
0.027
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.349
|
0.705 – 2.638
|
0.373
|
1.303
|
0.683 – 2.544
|
0.428
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.701
|
0.294 – 1.668
|
0.422
|
0.705
|
0.296 – 1.671
|
0.427
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.940
|
0.516 – 1.709
|
0.840
|
0.865
|
0.478 – 1.555
|
0.628
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.138
|
0.557 – 2.344
|
0.724
|
1.039
|
0.506 – 2.146
|
0.917
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
1.063
|
0.932 – 1.222
|
0.372
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.982
|
0.858 – 1.134
|
0.800
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.047
|
0.795 – 1.411
|
0.752
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.090
|
0.066
|
Aim 4: Modifying effect of vascular pathologies
Outcome = Microinfarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.004
|
0.000 – 1.047
|
0.055
|
0.751
|
0.046 – 11.871
|
0.839
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.109
|
0.988 – 1.250
|
0.084
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
5.639
|
0.743 – 45.952
|
0.099
|
0.437
|
0.058 – 3.100
|
0.412
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.072
|
1.021 – 1.127
|
0.006
|
1.070
|
1.019 – 1.124
|
0.007
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.205
|
0.795 – 1.830
|
0.380
|
1.211
|
0.799 – 1.838
|
0.367
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.890
|
0.420 – 1.896
|
0.759
|
0.942
|
0.448 – 1.996
|
0.875
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.247
|
0.899 – 1.736
|
0.187
|
1.363
|
0.993 – 1.882
|
0.057
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
77.176
|
0.517 – 13944.293
|
0.094
|
22.355
|
0.176 – 3487.397
|
0.217
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
6.232
|
0.206 – 207.121
|
0.298
|
0.816
|
0.110 – 6.056
|
0.842
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
33.981
|
0.451 – 2836.163
|
0.113
|
3.879
|
0.135 – 120.179
|
0.432
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.939
|
0.595 – 1.474
|
0.784
|
0.970
|
0.616 – 1.522
|
0.895
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.919
|
0.504 – 1.665
|
0.781
|
0.876
|
0.478 – 1.594
|
0.666
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.274
|
0.568 – 2.851
|
0.555
|
1.198
|
0.537 – 2.661
|
0.658
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.866
|
0.540 – 1.388
|
0.549
|
0.820
|
0.511 – 1.314
|
0.409
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.791
|
0.437 – 1.425
|
0.436
|
0.781
|
0.429 – 1.415
|
0.417
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.958
|
0.893 – 1.026
|
0.222
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.920
|
0.760 – 1.100
|
0.370
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.164
|
0.934 – 1.465
|
0.183
|
|
Observations
|
412
|
412
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.059
|
0.055
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.079
|
0.018
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 1.075
|
0.077
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.127
|
0.949 – 1.342
|
0.176
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.539
|
0.093 – 26.545
|
0.764
|
1.248
|
0.123 – 12.685
|
0.850
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.081
|
1.015 – 1.152
|
0.016
|
1.076
|
1.011 – 1.146
|
0.022
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.971
|
0.592 – 1.593
|
0.908
|
0.957
|
0.582 – 1.570
|
0.861
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.880
|
0.384 – 2.046
|
0.762
|
0.965
|
0.425 – 2.230
|
0.933
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.246
|
0.859 – 1.812
|
0.246
|
1.335
|
0.926 – 1.934
|
0.123
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
4845174.532
|
4.685 – 54577663974979.195
|
0.043
|
2235886.677
|
2.299 – 28178166553349.320
|
0.056
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
951.637
|
1.870 – 984638.762
|
0.039
|
45.424
|
0.328 – 17978.930
|
0.168
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
77454.301
|
5.583 – 4173617123.932
|
0.029
|
4307.980
|
0.600 – 158898506.694
|
0.089
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.997
|
0.588 – 1.685
|
0.990
|
1.018
|
0.602 – 1.717
|
0.947
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.883
|
0.469 – 1.658
|
0.699
|
0.842
|
0.447 – 1.580
|
0.593
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.353
|
0.578 – 3.167
|
0.485
|
1.342
|
0.575 – 3.135
|
0.495
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.965
|
0.540 – 1.731
|
0.905
|
0.911
|
0.512 – 1.622
|
0.750
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.180
|
0.587 – 2.387
|
0.644
|
1.092
|
0.544 – 2.202
|
0.804
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.013
|
0.910 – 1.128
|
0.811
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.997
|
0.794 – 1.249
|
0.976
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.071
|
0.829 – 1.390
|
0.599
|
|
Observations
|
332
|
332
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.081
|
0.078
|
Outcome = Gross infarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.717
|
0.000 – 1774.986
|
0.934
|
4.090
|
0.080 – 229.935
|
0.484
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.001
|
0.847 – 1.183
|
0.989
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.330
|
0.118 – 16.114
|
0.819
|
0.296
|
0.014 – 4.520
|
0.409
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.075
|
1.006 – 1.152
|
0.035
|
1.077
|
1.008 – 1.155
|
0.032
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.164
|
0.688 – 1.967
|
0.570
|
1.140
|
0.671 – 1.934
|
0.626
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.705
|
0.682 – 4.820
|
0.279
|
1.781
|
0.718 – 5.003
|
0.238
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.089
|
0.725 – 1.633
|
0.679
|
1.138
|
0.762 – 1.698
|
0.527
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 1.323
|
0.054
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 1.624
|
0.060
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
8.438
|
0.084 – 987.540
|
0.372
|
6.846
|
0.601 – 84.874
|
0.126
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.197
|
0.001 – 64.419
|
0.580
|
0.203
|
0.003 – 15.208
|
0.455
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.870
|
0.488 – 1.519
|
0.631
|
0.881
|
0.493 – 1.540
|
0.661
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.780
|
0.363 – 1.606
|
0.511
|
0.785
|
0.364 – 1.627
|
0.525
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.828
|
0.331 – 2.022
|
0.682
|
0.808
|
0.321 – 1.985
|
0.646
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.228
|
0.671 – 2.269
|
0.507
|
1.205
|
0.658 – 2.226
|
0.548
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.121
|
0.535 – 2.327
|
0.760
|
1.114
|
0.527 – 2.334
|
0.776
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.015
|
0.928 – 1.109
|
0.739
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.811
|
0.573 – 1.069
|
0.190
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.253
|
0.917 – 1.814
|
0.194
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.102
|
0.105
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.065
|
0.000 – 13312.733
|
0.685
|
0.009
|
0.000 – 64.682
|
0.397
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.938
|
0.749 – 1.160
|
0.566
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.373
|
0.040 – 41.814
|
0.857
|
1.732
|
0.099 – 26.543
|
0.697
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.091
|
1.010 – 1.182
|
0.029
|
1.092
|
1.012 – 1.184
|
0.027
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.191
|
0.674 – 2.107
|
0.546
|
1.208
|
0.682 – 2.141
|
0.516
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.588
|
0.624 – 4.534
|
0.355
|
1.524
|
0.602 – 4.334
|
0.397
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.127
|
0.733 – 1.729
|
0.585
|
1.128
|
0.740 – 1.724
|
0.574
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
9.077
|
0.000 – 29895097406.380
|
0.818
|
14.556
|
0.000 – 38651815878.857
|
0.777
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
67.700
|
0.031 – 1111349.870
|
0.333
|
236.872
|
0.700 – 1751463.565
|
0.143
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
11.411
|
0.000 – 24824537.510
|
0.707
|
38.409
|
0.002 – 56607661.202
|
0.553
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.801
|
0.433 – 1.452
|
0.472
|
0.793
|
0.427 – 1.438
|
0.451
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.750
|
0.344 – 1.569
|
0.454
|
0.774
|
0.355 – 1.625
|
0.508
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.991
|
0.386 – 2.495
|
0.985
|
0.993
|
0.387 – 2.501
|
0.988
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.189
|
0.606 – 2.368
|
0.617
|
1.219
|
0.623 – 2.420
|
0.566
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.277
|
0.579 – 2.825
|
0.544
|
1.340
|
0.607 – 2.970
|
0.468
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.015
|
0.886 – 1.177
|
0.833
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.944
|
0.693 – 1.237
|
0.694
|
exp avgdeath 20 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.012
|
0.747 – 1.413
|
0.939
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.096
|
0.097
|
Summarizing All Results
Tables to Summarize Aim 1 and Aim 2 Results
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.033
|
0.92, 1.161
|
1.157
|
0.986, 1.357
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.220
|
1.03, 1.444
|
1.101
|
0.924, 1.312
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.066
|
0.958, 1.186
|
0.910
|
0.8, 1.037
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.026
|
0.885, 1.189
|
1.094
|
0.946, 1.266
|
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.972
|
0.869, 1.087
|
0.982
|
0.853, 1.13
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.995
|
0.879, 1.125
|
0.956
|
0.83, 1.102
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.009
|
0.908, 1.122
|
0.963
|
0.865, 1.071
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
0.943
|
0.824, 1.078
|
0.911
|
0.811, 1.023
|
Tables to Summarize Aim 3 and Aim 4 Results
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.056
|
0.935, 1.192
|
1.026
|
0.899, 1.171
|
0.994
|
0.928, 1.064
|
|
CVD
|
1.023
|
0.909, 1.15
|
1.054
|
0.917, 1.212
|
1.043
|
0.971, 1.121
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.033
|
0.92, 1.161
|
1.037
|
0.891, 1.208
|
1.024
|
0.934, 1.124
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.286
|
1.072, 1.543
|
1.198
|
0.999, 1.437
|
0.913
|
0.825, 1.011
|
|
CVD
|
1.207
|
1.017, 1.432
|
1.330
|
1.077, 1.643
|
1.082
|
0.959, 1.221
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.226
|
1.035, 1.452
|
1.313
|
1.047, 1.647
|
1.063
|
0.929, 1.216
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.109
|
0.986, 1.247
|
1.067
|
0.935, 1.217
|
0.958
|
0.894, 1.026
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.127
|
0.948, 1.339
|
1.108
|
0.93, 1.319
|
1.013
|
0.91, 1.128
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.063
|
0.952, 1.187
|
1.086
|
0.958, 1.23
|
1.014
|
0.954, 1.078
|
|
CVD
|
1.058
|
0.949, 1.179
|
1.093
|
0.961, 1.243
|
1.026
|
0.962, 1.095
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.060
|
0.952, 1.18
|
1.107
|
0.966, 1.27
|
1.057
|
0.975, 1.145
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.001
|
0.847, 1.183
|
0.993
|
0.83, 1.188
|
1.015
|
0.93, 1.109
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.938
|
0.755, 1.166
|
0.913
|
0.738, 1.129
|
1.015
|
0.882, 1.169
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.039
|
0.894, 1.208
|
1.001
|
0.842, 1.19
|
0.981
|
0.906, 1.063
|
|
CVD
|
1.028
|
0.886, 1.192
|
0.994
|
0.829, 1.192
|
0.994
|
0.912, 1.083
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.024
|
0.883, 1.188
|
0.979
|
0.803, 1.195
|
0.983
|
0.883, 1.095
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.836
|
0.677, 1.032
|
1.035
|
0.886, 1.208
|
1.266
|
0.985, 1.627
|
|
CVD
|
0.940
|
0.826, 1.071
|
0.987
|
0.781, 1.247
|
1.129
|
0.891, 1.432
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.958
|
0.845, 1.088
|
1.024
|
0.806, 1.301
|
1.058
|
0.815, 1.374
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.993
|
0.861, 1.144
|
0.873
|
0.717, 1.063
|
0.949
|
0.759, 1.187
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.920
|
0.733, 1.153
|
1.003
|
0.861, 1.169
|
1.118
|
0.86, 1.454
|
|
CVD
|
0.998
|
0.864, 1.153
|
0.895
|
0.696, 1.15
|
0.978
|
0.757, 1.263
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.982
|
0.856, 1.128
|
1.040
|
0.803, 1.347
|
1.047
|
0.789, 1.389
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.032
|
0.876, 1.215
|
0.874
|
0.707, 1.08
|
0.920
|
0.723, 1.172
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.920
|
0.766, 1.104
|
1.029
|
0.891, 1.189
|
1.164
|
0.931, 1.455
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.997
|
0.797, 1.246
|
1.037
|
0.896, 1.2
|
1.071
|
0.829, 1.384
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.909
|
0.746, 1.108
|
1.014
|
0.889, 1.157
|
1.157
|
0.92, 1.456
|
|
CVD
|
1.034
|
0.913, 1.171
|
0.855
|
0.685, 1.068
|
0.918
|
0.735, 1.148
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.029
|
0.911, 1.161
|
0.906
|
0.731, 1.123
|
0.912
|
0.72, 1.156
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.043
|
0.913, 1.191
|
0.873
|
0.72, 1.059
|
0.912
|
0.739, 1.127
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.811
|
0.594, 1.109
|
0.938
|
0.792, 1.109
|
1.253
|
0.892, 1.761
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.944
|
0.71, 1.256
|
0.880
|
0.734, 1.055
|
1.012
|
0.739, 1.387
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.866
|
0.658, 1.139
|
0.881
|
0.743, 1.046
|
1.123
|
0.828, 1.523
|
|
CVD
|
0.900
|
0.764, 1.061
|
0.852
|
0.64, 1.133
|
1.166
|
0.889, 1.528
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.979
|
0.841, 1.139
|
0.773
|
0.577, 1.036
|
0.833
|
0.61, 1.138
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.867
|
0.714, 1.053
|
0.881
|
0.697, 1.112
|
1.182
|
0.905, 1.545
|
Comparing results using different weights
Aims 1 and 2
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.017
|
0.901, 1.147
|
1.033
|
0.92, 1.161
|
0.995
|
0.885, 1.117
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.324
|
1.114, 1.573
|
1.220
|
1.03, 1.444
|
1.274
|
1.076, 1.51
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.051
|
0.94, 1.174
|
1.066
|
0.958, 1.186
|
1.066
|
0.959, 1.186
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.042
|
0.901, 1.205
|
1.026
|
0.885, 1.189
|
1.023
|
0.886, 1.182
|
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.170
|
0.989, 1.383
|
1.157
|
0.986, 1.357
|
1.182
|
1.007, 1.387
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.089
|
0.909, 1.305
|
1.101
|
0.924, 1.312
|
1.124
|
0.946, 1.337
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.908
|
0.793, 1.039
|
0.910
|
0.8, 1.037
|
0.907
|
0.798, 1.03
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.091
|
0.94, 1.267
|
1.094
|
0.946, 1.266
|
1.096
|
0.949, 1.265
|
Aims 3 and 4
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Modifier
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.007
|
0.939, 1.08
|
0.994
|
0.928, 1.064
|
1.016
|
0.948, 1.089
|
|
CVD
|
1.031
|
0.957, 1.11
|
1.043
|
0.971, 1.121
|
1.048
|
0.975, 1.126
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.032
|
0.939, 1.135
|
1.024
|
0.934, 1.124
|
1.035
|
0.939, 1.14
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.931
|
0.841, 1.029
|
0.913
|
0.825, 1.011
|
0.946
|
0.857, 1.045
|
|
CVD
|
1.050
|
0.928, 1.187
|
1.082
|
0.959, 1.221
|
1.074
|
0.955, 1.207
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.088
|
0.954, 1.239
|
1.063
|
0.929, 1.216
|
1.065
|
0.938, 1.209
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.964
|
0.899, 1.034
|
0.958
|
0.894, 1.026
|
0.951
|
0.886, 1.02
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.003
|
0.907, 1.109
|
1.013
|
0.91, 1.128
|
1.007
|
0.908, 1.117
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.015
|
0.954, 1.08
|
1.014
|
0.954, 1.078
|
1.027
|
0.966, 1.091
|
|
CVD
|
1.032
|
0.966, 1.104
|
1.026
|
0.962, 1.095
|
1.033
|
0.969, 1.102
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.058
|
0.973, 1.15
|
1.057
|
0.975, 1.145
|
1.054
|
0.969, 1.147
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.024
|
0.937, 1.12
|
1.015
|
0.93, 1.109
|
1.022
|
0.938, 1.115
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.004
|
0.879, 1.147
|
1.015
|
0.882, 1.169
|
0.989
|
0.862, 1.135
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.982
|
0.906, 1.065
|
0.981
|
0.906, 1.063
|
0.978
|
0.904, 1.057
|
|
CVD
|
1.005
|
0.922, 1.095
|
0.994
|
0.912, 1.083
|
1.007
|
0.927, 1.094
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.989
|
0.888, 1.1
|
0.983
|
0.883, 1.095
|
0.969
|
0.866, 1.086
|
Bootstrapped Results
Aims 1 and 2
Unstratified Results: PM2.5
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.934
|
0.909, 0.961
|
|
Model 2
|
1.072
|
0.976, 1.186
|
|
Model 3
|
1.074
|
0.973, 1.189
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.006
|
0.973, 1.058
|
|
Model 2
|
1.161
|
1.04, 1.381
|
|
Model 3
|
1.167
|
1.046, 1.407
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.006
|
0.98, 1.03
|
|
Model 2
|
1.013
|
0.927, 1.106
|
|
Model 3
|
1.015
|
0.931, 1.114
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.900
|
0.862, 0.925
|
|
Model 2
|
1.053
|
0.958, 1.155
|
|
Model 3
|
1.053
|
0.957, 1.156
|
Unstratified Results: NO2
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.979
|
0.897, 1.063
|
|
Model 2
|
0.990
|
0.905, 1.098
|
|
Model 3
|
0.996
|
0.909, 1.106
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.991
|
0.916, 1.102
|
|
Model 2
|
0.995
|
0.913, 1.118
|
|
Model 3
|
0.995
|
0.912, 1.116
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.021
|
0.942, 1.092
|
|
Model 2
|
0.989
|
0.9, 1.07
|
|
Model 3
|
0.995
|
0.902, 1.078
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.882
|
0.779, 0.964
|
|
Model 2
|
0.930
|
0.83, 1.015
|
|
Model 3
|
0.927
|
0.822, 1.015
|
PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.928
|
0.893, 0.96
|
0.942
|
0.898, 0.982
|
|
Model 2
|
1.033
|
0.901, 1.176
|
1.157
|
1.002, 1.371
|
|
Model 3
|
1.039
|
0.903, 1.19
|
1.159
|
1.006, 1.396
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.036
|
0.985, 1.092
|
0.968
|
0.911, 1.037
|
|
Model 2
|
1.220
|
1.054, 1.582
|
1.101
|
0.896, 1.39
|
|
Model 3
|
1.248
|
1.075, 1.673
|
1.109
|
0.898, 1.416
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.016
|
0.983, 1.049
|
0.983
|
0.945, 1.019
|
|
Model 2
|
1.066
|
0.959, 1.209
|
0.910
|
0.777, 1.05
|
|
Model 3
|
1.079
|
0.974, 1.24
|
0.911
|
0.769, 1.053
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.919
|
0.87, 0.958
|
0.869
|
0.824, 0.902
|
|
Model 2
|
1.026
|
0.924, 1.188
|
1.094
|
0.955, 1.314
|
|
Model 3
|
1.036
|
0.931, 1.204
|
1.099
|
0.952, 1.339
|
NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.984
|
0.884, 1.095
|
0.969
|
0.864, 1.101
|
|
Model 2
|
0.972
|
0.853, 1.096
|
0.982
|
0.862, 1.212
|
|
Model 3
|
0.985
|
0.864, 1.111
|
0.978
|
0.861, 1.201
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.013
|
0.897, 1.147
|
0.951
|
0.855, 1.177
|
|
Model 2
|
0.995
|
0.861, 1.152
|
0.956
|
0.852, 1.352
|
|
Model 3
|
1.002
|
0.859, 1.16
|
0.949
|
0.837, 1.347
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.037
|
0.925, 1.149
|
0.988
|
0.892, 1.086
|
|
Model 2
|
1.009
|
0.878, 1.129
|
0.963
|
0.847, 1.076
|
|
Model 3
|
1.010
|
0.867, 1.138
|
0.966
|
0.852, 1.095
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.907
|
0.745, 1.043
|
0.862
|
0.743, 0.956
|
|
Model 2
|
0.943
|
0.779, 1.088
|
0.911
|
0.795, 1.018
|
|
Model 3
|
0.951
|
0.773, 1.109
|
0.901
|
0.785, 1.011
|
Co-pollutant model results
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
All participants
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.076
|
0.972, 1.192
|
0.963
|
0.841, 1.152
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.170
|
1.047, 1.391
|
0.951
|
0.819, 1.14
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.016
|
0.934, 1.121
|
0.977
|
0.843, 1.115
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.077
|
0.984, 1.192
|
0.867
|
0.723, 1.019
|
|
< 90
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.039
|
0.909, 1.19
|
0.944
|
0.768, 1.162
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.231
|
1.059, 1.601
|
0.944
|
0.742, 1.184
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.066
|
0.956, 1.212
|
0.996
|
0.797, 1.204
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.039
|
0.938, 1.208
|
0.897
|
0.653, 1.158
|
|
90 +
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.171
|
0.997, 1.395
|
0.922
|
0.75, 1.302
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.124
|
0.915, 1.455
|
0.894
|
0.726, 1.539
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.916
|
0.786, 1.06
|
0.966
|
0.791, 1.179
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.142
|
0.997, 1.375
|
0.816
|
0.649, 0.997
|
Aims 3 and 4
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.056
|
0.977, 1.19
|
1.049
|
0.993, 1.221
|
0.994
|
0.966, 1.08
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.023
|
0.96, 1.169
|
1.067
|
0.995, 1.238
|
1.043
|
0.986, 1.111
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.033
|
0.977, 1.186
|
1.059
|
0.967, 1.229
|
1.024
|
0.929, 1.106
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.286
|
1.095, 1.453
|
1.175
|
0.995, 1.337
|
0.913
|
0.836, 0.991
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.207
|
1.019, 1.361
|
1.305
|
1.073, 1.519
|
1.082
|
0.981, 1.193
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.226
|
1.046, 1.382
|
1.303
|
1.091, 1.658
|
1.063
|
0.979, 1.296
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.063
|
0.921, 1.108
|
1.078
|
0.938, 1.127
|
1.014
|
0.964, 1.068
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.058
|
0.927, 1.107
|
1.085
|
0.919, 1.114
|
1.026
|
0.944, 1.055
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.060
|
0.92, 1.1
|
1.120
|
0.977, 1.233
|
1.057
|
1.009, 1.176
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.109
|
0.942, 1.151
|
1.062
|
0.917, 1.112
|
0.958
|
0.912, 1.024
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.127
|
0.871, 1.14
|
1.141
|
0.902, 1.124
|
1.013
|
0.94, 1.138
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.039
|
0.948, 1.168
|
1.019
|
0.962, 1.179
|
0.981
|
0.955, 1.102
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.028
|
0.965, 1.164
|
1.021
|
0.916, 1.166
|
0.994
|
0.895, 1.036
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.024
|
0.95, 1.154
|
1.007
|
0.937, 1.202
|
0.983
|
0.922, 1.115
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.001
|
0.895, 1.159
|
1.016
|
0.959, 1.169
|
1.015
|
0.963, 1.152
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.938
|
0.793, 1.137
|
0.952
|
0.922, 1.172
|
1.015
|
0.972, 1.273
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.836
|
0.821, 1.08
|
1.058
|
0.94, 1.226
|
1.266
|
0.968, 1.387
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.940
|
0.871, 1.075
|
1.062
|
0.894, 1.327
|
1.129
|
0.9, 1.401
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.958
|
0.898, 1.108
|
1.014
|
0.818, 1.226
|
1.058
|
0.801, 1.249
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.920
|
0.891, 1.346
|
1.028
|
0.886, 1.13
|
1.118
|
0.759, 1.191
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.998
|
0.924, 1.173
|
0.976
|
0.77, 1.158
|
0.978
|
0.733, 1.135
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.982
|
0.874, 1.099
|
1.028
|
0.901, 1.656
|
1.047
|
0.891, 1.598
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.909
|
0.843, 1.1
|
1.052
|
0.899, 1.104
|
1.157
|
0.888, 1.231
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.034
|
0.934, 1.13
|
0.950
|
0.753, 1.039
|
0.918
|
0.721, 1.029
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.029
|
0.868, 1.056
|
0.938
|
0.893, 1.288
|
0.912
|
0.894, 1.337
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.920
|
0.754, 1.081
|
1.070
|
0.929, 1.116
|
1.164
|
0.944, 1.402
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.997
|
0.771, 1.091
|
1.068
|
0.948, 1.145
|
1.071
|
0.963, 1.426
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.866
|
0.741, 0.976
|
0.972
|
0.849, 1.077
|
1.123
|
0.963, 1.363
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.900
|
0.837, 1.021
|
1.049
|
0.661, 1.086
|
1.166
|
0.716, 1.17
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.979
|
0.818, 1.035
|
0.816
|
0.706, 1.072
|
0.833
|
0.778, 1.197
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.811
|
0.612, 0.949
|
1.017
|
0.869, 1.078
|
1.253
|
1.014, 1.637
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.944
|
0.694, 1.017
|
0.956
|
0.834, 1.058
|
1.012
|
0.912, 1.432
|