## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## "1994-03-09" "2003-11-17" "2012-10-10" "2010-12-21" "2018-10-02" "2020-03-05"
Table 1
Â
|
Censored
(N=2325) |
Dead + Autopsied
(N=921) |
Dead + Not Autopsied
(N=2463) |
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
295 (12.7%) |
537 (58.3%) |
1727 (70.1%) |
| Expansion |
198 (8.5%) |
210 (22.8%) |
399 (16.2%) |
| Replacement |
1832 (78.8%) |
174 (18.9%) |
337 (13.7%) |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1379 (59.3%) |
538 (58.4%) |
1397 (56.7%) |
| Male |
946 (40.7%) |
383 (41.6%) |
1066 (43.3%) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
89.4 (6.62) |
87.0 (7.15) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
87.6 [66.4, 108] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Year of Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
2010 (6.39) |
2010 (6.97) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
2010 [2000, 2020] |
2010 [1990, 2020] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
286 (12.3%) |
56 (6.1%) |
263 (10.7%) |
| White |
2032 (87.4%) |
865 (93.9%) |
2199 (89.3%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| APOE Status |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1206 (51.9%) |
639 (69.4%) |
1573 (63.9%) |
| + APOE e4 |
451 (19.4%) |
245 (26.6%) |
528 (21.4%) |
| Missing |
668 (28.7%) |
37 (4.0%) |
362 (14.7%) |
| Smoking Status |
|
|
|
| Never |
1265 (54.4%) |
416 (45.2%) |
1109 (45.0%) |
| Former |
994 (42.8%) |
452 (49.1%) |
1187 (48.2%) |
| Current |
62 (2.7%) |
51 (5.5%) |
159 (6.5%) |
| Missing |
4 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
8 (0.3%) |
| Alcohol Use |
|
|
|
| Never |
333 (14.3%) |
171 (18.6%) |
525 (21.3%) |
| Former |
383 (16.5%) |
233 (25.3%) |
704 (28.6%) |
| Current |
1434 (61.7%) |
515 (55.9%) |
1223 (49.7%) |
| Missing |
175 (7.5%) |
2 (0.2%) |
11 (0.4%) |
| exercise_cat |
|
|
|
| No |
509 (21.9%) |
273 (29.6%) |
798 (32.4%) |
| Yes |
1809 (77.8%) |
646 (70.1%) |
1661 (67.4%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
2 (0.2%) |
4 (0.2%) |
| Education |
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
69 (3.0%) |
67 (7.3%) |
323 (13.1%) |
| GED |
13 (0.6%) |
12 (1.3%) |
57 (2.3%) |
| High School |
531 (22.8%) |
371 (40.3%) |
1119 (45.4%) |
| Bachelor's |
669 (28.8%) |
230 (25.0%) |
455 (18.5%) |
| Master's |
571 (24.6%) |
121 (13.1%) |
218 (8.9%) |
| Doctorate |
197 (8.5%) |
48 (5.2%) |
93 (3.8%) |
| Other |
275 (11.8%) |
72 (7.8%) |
196 (8.0%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (0.1%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
315 (13.5%) |
261 (28.3%) |
981 (39.8%) |
| 13-16 |
884 (38.0%) |
408 (44.3%) |
1027 (41.7%) |
| 17+ |
1126 (48.4%) |
252 (27.4%) |
454 (18.4%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.745 (0.728) |
-0.705 (0.713) |
-0.658 (0.717) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.891 [-2.66, 1.97] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64] |
| Missing |
105 (4.5%) |
15 (1.6%) |
31 (1.3%) |
| PM2.5 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
7.84 (1.68) |
8.66 (2.27) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
7.55 [4.03, 14.6] |
8.35 [3.41, 17.1] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
9 (1.0%) |
305 (12.4%) |
| NO2 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
13.2 (3.54) |
13.7 (3.81) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
12.5 [4.88, 30.7] |
13.2 [4.82, 35.0] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
9 (1.0%) |
305 (12.4%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
|
| No |
1990 (85.6%) |
642 (69.7%) |
1618 (65.7%) |
| Yes |
335 (14.4%) |
279 (30.3%) |
845 (34.3%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| No |
1136 (48.9%) |
378 (41.0%) |
928 (37.7%) |
| Yes |
1189 (51.1%) |
543 (59.0%) |
1535 (62.3%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
| No |
2091 (89.9%) |
773 (83.9%) |
2012 (81.7%) |
| Yes |
234 (10.1%) |
148 (16.1%) |
451 (18.3%) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
583 (63.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
266 (28.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
72 (7.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
425 (46.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
416 (45.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
80 (8.7%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
250 (27.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
569 (61.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
102 (11.1%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
180 (19.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
522 (56.7%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
219 (23.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
IPW Comparison Table
|
Variable
|
Haneuse (2009)
|
Tsuang (2009)
|
Shaffer (2021)
|
Us!
|
|
Age at Baseline
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Study Cohort
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Education
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Race
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Gender
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Dementia Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Marital Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Age at Death
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Baseline CASI
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Follow-up Time
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Birth Cohort
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
APOE Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Alcohol
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Socioeconomic Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Smoking Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
BMI
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Exercise
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
IADL Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Hypertension
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Diabetes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
CVD
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Self-Rated Health
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Vitamins
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
method_final <- glm(formula = autopsy_flag ~
age_death_yrs_centered +
cohort_cat +
education_cat +
race_cat_simp +
male_cat +
dementia_cat +
marital_cat_binary +
nses_z_cx,
family = binomial, data = autopsy_dead)
Table 1 for IPW variables
|
No
(N=2158) |
Yes
(N=912) |
P-value |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
86.8 (7.21) |
89.3 (6.63) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
87.4 [66.4, 108] |
89.9 [68.9, 106] |
|
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
1462 (67.7%) |
528 (57.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Expansion |
365 (16.9%) |
210 (23.0%) |
|
| Replacement |
331 (15.3%) |
174 (19.1%) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1205 (55.8%) |
531 (58.2%) |
0.239 |
| Male |
953 (44.2%) |
381 (41.8%) |
|
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
236 (10.9%) |
56 (6.1%) |
<0.001 |
| White |
1921 (89.0%) |
856 (93.9%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.663 (0.720) |
-0.699 (0.710) |
0.207 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.788 [-2.66, 2.64] |
-0.805 [-2.66, 2.47] |
|
| Missing |
28 (1.3%) |
15 (1.6%) |
|
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
840 (38.9%) |
256 (28.1%) |
<0.001 |
| 13-16 |
899 (41.7%) |
405 (44.4%) |
|
| 17+ |
418 (19.4%) |
251 (27.5%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| Dementia Status |
|
|
|
| No Dementia |
1434 (66.5%) |
495 (54.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Dementia |
724 (33.5%) |
417 (45.7%) |
|
| Marital Status |
|
|
|
| Married |
1118 (51.8%) |
493 (54.1%) |
0.271 |
| Not Married |
1040 (48.2%) |
419 (45.9%) |
|
Rachel’s Weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=875) |
Weight > 3
(N=37) |
| age_on_income_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
65.4 (1.42) |
65.0 (0) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
65.0 [65.0, 77.0] |
65.0 [65.0, 65.0] |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.6 (6.55) |
82.2 (4.18) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
90.2 [68.9, 106] |
82.4 [74.4, 89.4] |
| Birth Cohort |
|
|
| 1890-1910 |
150 (17.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1915 |
206 (23.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1920 |
232 (26.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1925 |
186 (21.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1930-1950 |
101 (11.5%) |
37 (100%) |
| APOE_adjusted_no |
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
637 (72.8%) |
33 (89.2%) |
| + APOE e4 |
238 (27.2%) |
4 (10.8%) |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
528 (60.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Expansion |
210 (24.0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
137 (15.7%) |
37 (100%) |
| Education |
|
|
| Less than High School |
64 (7.3%) |
2 (5.4%) |
| GED |
11 (1.3%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| High School |
349 (39.9%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Bachelor's |
220 (25.1%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| Master's |
118 (13.5%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| Doctorate |
47 (5.4%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Other |
66 (7.5%) |
6 (16.2%) |
| race_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
| Non-White |
47 (5.4%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| White |
828 (94.6%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| alcohol_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
163 (18.6%) |
5 (13.5%) |
| Former |
218 (24.9%) |
13 (35.1%) |
| Current |
494 (56.5%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| nses_z_cx_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.704 (0.707) |
-0.579 (0.638) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.798 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.598 [-1.58, 1.07] |
| smoke_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
394 (45.0%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| Former |
433 (49.5%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Current |
48 (5.5%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| bmi_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Underweight |
10 (1.1%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Normal |
313 (35.8%) |
11 (29.7%) |
| Overweight |
374 (42.7%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Obese |
178 (20.3%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| exercise_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| No |
256 (29.3%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Yes |
619 (70.7%) |
21 (56.8%) |
| iadl_flag_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
0.185 (0.389) |
0.108 (0.315) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
504 (57.6%) |
27 (73.0%) |
| Male |
371 (42.4%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
| No |
357 (40.8%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| Yes |
518 (59.2%) |
20 (54.1%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
| No |
736 (84.1%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| Yes |
139 (15.9%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
| No |
607 (69.4%) |
29 (78.4%) |
| Yes |
268 (30.6%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| ratehealth_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
2.53 (0.921) |
2.86 (0.976) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
| VitaminMulti_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
411 (47.0%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| 2 |
464 (53.0%) |
20 (54.1%) |
Our weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=909) |
Weight > 3
(N=3) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.3 (6.60) |
78.0 (8.77) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
89.9 [70.8, 106] |
78.6 [68.9, 86.4] |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
525 (57.8%) |
3 (100%) |
| Expansion |
210 (23.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
174 (19.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
| < 13 |
253 (27.8%) |
3 (100%) |
| 13-16 |
405 (44.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| 17+ |
251 (27.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
| Non-White |
54 (5.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| White |
855 (94.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
530 (58.3%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Male |
379 (41.7%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| Dementia Status |
|
|
| No Dementia |
492 (54.1%) |
3 (100%) |
| Dementia |
417 (45.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| Marital Status |
|
|
| Married |
492 (54.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Not Married |
417 (45.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| NDI |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.700 (0.710) |
-0.160 (0.571) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.823 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.0588 [-0.775, 0.354] |
| Missing |
15 (1.7%) |
0 (0%) |
Primary Models
ath_mod1_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod3_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
smoke_cat +
exercise_cat +
alcohol_cat +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*HTN_cat_tv +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
education_cat,
data = autopsy_90l, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")
Table 1 again
Â
|
No
(N=2158) |
Yes
(N=912) |
P-value |
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
1462 (67.7%) |
528 (57.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Expansion |
365 (16.9%) |
210 (23.0%) |
|
| Replacement |
331 (15.3%) |
174 (19.1%) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1205 (55.8%) |
531 (58.2%) |
0.239 |
| Male |
953 (44.2%) |
381 (41.8%) |
|
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
86.8 (7.21) |
89.3 (6.63) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
87.4 [66.4, 108] |
89.9 [68.9, 106] |
|
| Year of Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
2010 (7.21) |
2010 (6.41) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
2010 [1990, 2020] |
2010 [2000, 2020] |
|
| race_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
236 (10.9%) |
56 (6.1%) |
<0.001 |
| White |
1922 (89.1%) |
856 (93.9%) |
|
| APOE_adjusted_no |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1685 (78.1%) |
670 (73.5%) |
0.007 |
| + APOE e4 |
473 (21.9%) |
242 (26.5%) |
|
| smoke_cat_adjusted |
|
|
|
| Never |
984 (45.6%) |
413 (45.3%) |
0.865 |
| Former |
1044 (48.4%) |
448 (49.1%) |
|
| Current |
130 (6.0%) |
51 (5.6%) |
|
| alcohol_cat_adjusted |
|
|
|
| Never |
458 (21.2%) |
168 (18.4%) |
0.019 |
| Former |
605 (28.0%) |
231 (25.3%) |
|
| Current |
1095 (50.7%) |
513 (56.3%) |
|
| exercise_cat_adjusted |
|
|
|
| No |
712 (33.0%) |
272 (29.8%) |
0.094 |
| Yes |
1446 (67.0%) |
640 (70.2%) |
|
| Education |
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
274 (12.7%) |
66 (7.2%) |
<0.001 |
| GED |
51 (2.4%) |
12 (1.3%) |
|
| High School |
960 (44.5%) |
365 (40.0%) |
|
| Bachelor's |
412 (19.1%) |
228 (25.0%) |
|
| Master's |
203 (9.4%) |
121 (13.3%) |
|
| Doctorate |
84 (3.9%) |
48 (5.3%) |
|
| Other |
174 (8.1%) |
72 (7.9%) |
|
| education_cat_adjusted |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
840 (38.9%) |
256 (28.1%) |
<0.001 |
| 13-16 |
900 (41.7%) |
405 (44.4%) |
|
| 17+ |
418 (19.4%) |
251 (27.5%) |
|
| nses_z_cx_adjusted |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.663 (0.715) |
-0.699 (0.704) |
0.205 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.781 [-2.66, 2.64] |
-0.789 [-2.66, 2.47] |
|
| PM2.5 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
8.66 (2.27) |
7.84 (1.68) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
8.35 [3.41, 17.1] |
7.55 [4.03, 14.6] |
|
| NO2 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
13.7 (3.81) |
13.2 (3.54) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
13.2 [4.82, 35.0] |
12.5 [4.88, 30.7] |
|
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
|
| No |
1402 (65.0%) |
636 (69.7%) |
0.012 |
| Yes |
756 (35.0%) |
276 (30.3%) |
|
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| No |
776 (36.0%) |
374 (41.0%) |
0.009 |
| Yes |
1382 (64.0%) |
538 (59.0%) |
|
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
| No |
1751 (81.1%) |
764 (83.8%) |
0.093 |
| Yes |
407 (18.9%) |
148 (16.2%) |
|
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
577 (63.3%) |
NA |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
263 (28.8%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
72 (7.9%) |
|
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
420 (46.1%) |
NA |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
412 (45.2%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
80 (8.8%) |
|
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
248 (27.2%) |
NA |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
563 (61.7%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
101 (11.1%) |
|
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
178 (19.5%) |
NA |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
517 (56.7%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
217 (23.8%) |
|
| bmi_adjusted |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
27.5 (4.86) |
26.9 (4.78) |
0.002 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
27.1 [15.7, 50.3] |
26.3 [15.9, 48.9] |
|
| Dementia Status |
|
|
|
| No Dementia |
1434 (66.5%) |
495 (54.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Dementia |
724 (33.5%) |
417 (45.7%) |
|
| Arrhythmia |
|
|
|
| No |
1436 (66.5%) |
606 (66.4%) |
0.992 |
| Yes |
722 (33.5%) |
306 (33.6%) |
|
| Had Autopsy |
|
|
|
| No |
2158 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
<0.001 |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
912 (100%) |
|
| CV_DIS_adj |
|
|
|
| 1 |
1910 (88.5%) |
809 (88.7%) |
0.924 |
| 2 |
248 (11.5%) |
103 (11.3%) |
|
| Marital Status |
|
|
|
| Married |
1118 (51.8%) |
493 (54.1%) |
0.271 |
| Not Married |
1040 (48.2%) |
419 (45.9%) |
|
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None |
0 (0%) |
35 (3.8%) |
NA |
| Mild |
0 (0%) |
213 (23.4%) |
|
| Moderate |
0 (0%) |
504 (55.3%) |
|
| Severe |
0 (0%) |
59 (6.5%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
101 (11.1%) |
|
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
|
| Absent |
0 (0%) |
8 (0.9%) |
NA |
| Mild |
0 (0%) |
170 (18.6%) |
|
| Moderate |
0 (0%) |
347 (38.0%) |
|
| Severe |
0 (0%) |
170 (18.6%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
217 (23.8%) |
|
| Microinfarct Level |
|
|
|
| 0 |
0 (0%) |
420 (46.1%) |
NA |
| 1 |
0 (0%) |
175 (19.2%) |
|
| 2+ |
0 (0%) |
237 (26.0%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
80 (8.8%) |
|
| Gross Infarct Level |
|
|
|
| 0 |
0 (0%) |
577 (63.3%) |
NA |
| 1 |
0 (0%) |
118 (12.9%) |
|
| 2+ |
0 (0%) |
145 (15.9%) |
|
| Missing |
2158 (100%) |
72 (7.9%) |
|
| APOE Status |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1364 (63.2%) |
633 (69.4%) |
0.313 |
| + APOE e4 |
473 (21.9%) |
242 (26.5%) |
|
| Missing |
321 (14.9%) |
37 (4.1%) |
|
Outcomes by Modifier
By hypertension status
|
No
(N=264) |
Yes
(N=424) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
| No |
187 (70.8%) |
264 (62.3%) |
| Yes |
77 (29.2%) |
160 (37.7%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
| No |
139 (52.7%) |
194 (45.8%) |
| Yes |
125 (47.3%) |
230 (54.2%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
84 (31.8%) |
89 (21.0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
180 (68.2%) |
335 (79.0%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
77 (29.2%) |
100 (23.6%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
187 (70.8%) |
324 (76.4%) |
By cardiovascular disease status
|
No
(N=485) |
Yes
(N=203) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
| No |
322 (66.4%) |
129 (63.5%) |
| Yes |
163 (33.6%) |
74 (36.5%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
| No |
242 (49.9%) |
91 (44.8%) |
| Yes |
243 (50.1%) |
112 (55.2%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
114 (23.5%) |
59 (29.1%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
371 (76.5%) |
144 (70.9%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
137 (28.2%) |
40 (19.7%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
348 (71.8%) |
163 (80.3%) |
By diabetes Status
|
No
(N=574) |
Yes
(N=114) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
| No |
379 (66.0%) |
72 (63.2%) |
| Yes |
195 (34.0%) |
42 (36.8%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
| No |
278 (48.4%) |
55 (48.2%) |
| Yes |
296 (51.6%) |
59 (51.8%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
139 (24.2%) |
34 (29.8%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
435 (75.8%) |
80 (70.2%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
| None/Mild |
147 (25.6%) |
30 (26.3%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
427 (74.4%) |
84 (73.7%) |
Aim 1: Vascular Pathologies
Atherosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.005
|
0.000 – 0.912
|
0.049
|
0.039
|
0.002 – 0.726
|
0.039
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.056
|
0.935 – 1.193
|
0.379
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
814.505
|
2.458 – 568418.709
|
0.033
|
867.558
|
2.605 – 601891.471
|
0.031
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
5.970
|
0.423 – 69.036
|
0.169
|
5.953
|
0.421 – 69.003
|
0.170
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
3106.712
|
18.290 – 1223169.043
|
0.004
|
3306.063
|
19.395 – 1297079.490
|
0.004
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.061
|
0.766 – 1.472
|
0.722
|
1.058
|
0.764 – 1.467
|
0.735
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.725
|
0.373 – 1.345
|
0.323
|
0.732
|
0.377 – 1.355
|
0.336
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.079
|
0.847 – 1.377
|
0.540
|
1.116
|
0.880 – 1.418
|
0.368
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.112
|
0.001 – 9.687
|
0.334
|
0.043
|
0.001 – 2.172
|
0.113
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
92.289
|
9.581 – 930.379
|
<0.001
|
42.181
|
9.765 – 184.888
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.146
|
0.028 – 48.282
|
0.943
|
0.320
|
0.027 – 3.859
|
0.365
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.140
|
0.795 – 1.643
|
0.479
|
1.144
|
0.799 – 1.649
|
0.465
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.853
|
0.552 – 1.327
|
0.479
|
0.863
|
0.555 – 1.350
|
0.516
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.238
|
0.684 – 2.286
|
0.486
|
1.257
|
0.694 – 2.320
|
0.457
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.099
|
0.766 – 1.578
|
0.607
|
1.098
|
0.764 – 1.577
|
0.614
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.106
|
0.703 – 1.747
|
0.665
|
1.104
|
0.700 – 1.750
|
0.672
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.990
|
0.903 – 1.090
|
0.839
|
|
Observations
|
811
|
811
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.144
|
0.144
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.667
|
0.001 – 316.851
|
0.898
|
1.543
|
0.001 – 3521.620
|
0.911
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.005
|
0.855 – 1.183
|
0.952
|
1.145
|
0.935 – 1.399
|
0.187
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.201
|
0.782 – 1.851
|
0.404
|
0.866
|
0.513 – 1.471
|
0.591
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.135
|
1.037 – 1.249
|
0.007
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.985
|
0.438 – 2.146
|
0.971
|
0.332
|
0.055 – 1.166
|
0.137
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.046
|
0.753 – 1.454
|
0.789
|
1.227
|
0.839 – 1.822
|
0.301
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.430
|
0.001 – 168.583
|
0.779
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.787
|
0.062
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
87.733
|
4.709 – 1792.571
|
0.003
|
66.341
|
1.591 – 2784.471
|
0.027
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.630
|
0.004 – 109.153
|
0.860
|
0.271
|
0.001 – 87.359
|
0.668
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.252
|
0.784 – 2.010
|
0.348
|
0.992
|
0.539 – 1.886
|
0.979
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.153
|
0.623 – 2.154
|
0.651
|
0.510
|
0.269 – 0.979
|
0.040
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.574
|
0.672 – 3.765
|
0.300
|
1.188
|
0.432 – 3.955
|
0.756
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.107
|
0.678 – 1.805
|
0.685
|
1.136
|
0.637 – 2.028
|
0.665
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.083
|
0.588 – 2.000
|
0.797
|
1.194
|
0.591 – 2.465
|
0.626
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.114
|
Stratified, NO2
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.934
|
0.067 – 12.131
|
0.959
|
237.067
|
5.003 – 23148.997
|
0.011
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.976
|
0.859 – 1.114
|
0.708
|
0.955
|
0.824 – 1.120
|
0.553
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.208
|
0.785 – 1.863
|
0.391
|
0.845
|
0.499 – 1.440
|
0.532
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.174
|
<0.001
|
1.133
|
1.036 – 1.246
|
0.008
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.998
|
0.445 – 2.161
|
0.995
|
0.281
|
0.046 – 0.999
|
0.091
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.060
|
0.769 – 1.463
|
0.721
|
1.357
|
0.926 – 2.008
|
0.121
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.417
|
0.003 – 75.455
|
0.735
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.076
|
0.015
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
82.403
|
11.388 – 618.622
|
<0.001
|
9.550
|
0.702 – 115.721
|
0.081
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.549
|
0.018 – 18.139
|
0.732
|
0.016
|
0.000 – 1.115
|
0.082
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.253
|
0.784 – 2.010
|
0.347
|
0.984
|
0.535 – 1.871
|
0.959
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.171
|
0.630 – 2.199
|
0.619
|
0.528
|
0.276 – 1.020
|
0.054
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.580
|
0.674 – 3.782
|
0.297
|
1.281
|
0.468 – 4.258
|
0.654
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.115
|
0.682 – 1.822
|
0.663
|
1.144
|
0.642 – 2.045
|
0.647
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.097
|
0.593 – 2.033
|
0.768
|
1.211
|
0.595 – 2.526
|
0.603
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.107
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 0.830
|
0.043
|
0.027
|
0.000 – 11.603
|
0.231
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.142
|
0.991 – 1.319
|
0.069
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
14325.258
|
4.558 – 150461289.856
|
0.029
|
23604.447
|
7.941 – 232400757.937
|
0.021
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
3.501
|
0.170 – 59.029
|
0.400
|
3.193
|
0.155 – 53.987
|
0.436
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
17741.700
|
21.217 – 50488401.968
|
0.009
|
27788.222
|
33.645 – 76845491.165
|
0.006
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.971
|
0.671 – 1.408
|
0.875
|
0.952
|
0.659 – 1.379
|
0.794
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.336
|
0.706 – 2.455
|
0.359
|
1.366
|
0.725 – 2.497
|
0.321
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.956
|
0.736 – 1.243
|
0.734
|
1.031
|
0.797 – 1.335
|
0.819
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.370
|
0.000 – 2314.034
|
0.830
|
0.170
|
0.000 – 862.273
|
0.694
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.104
|
0.024 – 38.328
|
0.958
|
0.268
|
0.008 – 5.927
|
0.423
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
6.025
|
0.009 – 2638.121
|
0.573
|
0.697
|
0.002 – 164.619
|
0.900
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.285
|
0.857 – 1.950
|
0.231
|
1.295
|
0.865 – 1.963
|
0.215
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.118
|
0.702 – 1.805
|
0.644
|
1.131
|
0.708 – 1.832
|
0.612
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.564
|
0.315 – 1.014
|
0.054
|
0.591
|
0.331 – 1.061
|
0.076
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.020
|
0.674 – 1.541
|
0.926
|
0.998
|
0.659 – 1.507
|
0.991
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.134
|
0.682 – 1.905
|
0.630
|
1.119
|
0.671 – 1.883
|
0.669
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.976
|
0.884 – 1.081
|
0.627
|
|
Observations
|
695
|
695
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.083
|
0.078
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 11.148
|
0.166
|
54.062
|
0.001 – 14946094.538
|
0.514
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.170
|
0.960 – 1.438
|
0.125
|
1.195
|
0.959 – 1.488
|
0.109
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.175
|
0.711 – 1.953
|
0.530
|
0.730
|
0.413 – 1.298
|
0.280
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.078
|
1.015 – 1.147
|
0.016
|
1.060
|
0.967 – 1.170
|
0.225
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.779
|
0.313 – 1.823
|
0.575
|
2.477
|
0.961 – 6.045
|
0.051
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.047
|
0.721 – 1.524
|
0.810
|
0.907
|
0.618 – 1.344
|
0.620
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
1176.551
|
0.020 – 47076672.672
|
0.188
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 4.851
|
0.097
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.867
|
0.022 – 147.000
|
0.779
|
0.175
|
0.000 – 140.706
|
0.637
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
721.400
|
0.305 – 1661257.366
|
0.092
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 108.581
|
0.272
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.827
|
1.065 – 3.197
|
0.031
|
0.811
|
0.430 – 1.582
|
0.525
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.295
|
0.680 – 2.523
|
0.439
|
0.979
|
0.475 – 2.139
|
0.956
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.698
|
0.294 – 1.653
|
0.414
|
0.415
|
0.180 – 0.985
|
0.041
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.897
|
0.495 – 1.619
|
0.720
|
1.281
|
0.689 – 2.395
|
0.434
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.080
|
0.532 – 2.207
|
0.832
|
1.153
|
0.539 – 2.552
|
0.717
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
360
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.075
|
0.046
|
Stratified, NO2
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.414
|
0.001 – 137.271
|
0.756
|
9982.376
|
0.499 – 1090048209.346
|
0.094
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.957
|
0.834 – 1.104
|
0.539
|
0.948
|
0.812 – 1.124
|
0.518
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.182
|
0.714 – 1.968
|
0.518
|
0.698
|
0.393 – 1.242
|
0.219
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.079
|
1.016 – 1.149
|
0.015
|
1.067
|
0.973 – 1.176
|
0.181
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.849
|
0.343 – 1.972
|
0.710
|
2.236
|
0.875 – 5.386
|
0.080
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.161
|
0.808 – 1.677
|
0.422
|
1.013
|
0.685 – 1.506
|
0.950
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
374.180
|
0.009 – 13202898.177
|
0.259
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 2.297
|
0.082
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.352
|
0.007 – 14.708
|
0.581
|
0.029
|
0.000 – 13.297
|
0.308
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
47.497
|
0.049 – 42353.031
|
0.256
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 5.890
|
0.126
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.830
|
1.070 – 3.193
|
0.030
|
0.817
|
0.434 – 1.594
|
0.541
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.321
|
0.692 – 2.581
|
0.406
|
1.010
|
0.486 – 2.225
|
0.980
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.720
|
0.303 – 1.706
|
0.455
|
0.455
|
0.199 – 1.073
|
0.065
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.861
|
0.477 – 1.545
|
0.617
|
1.304
|
0.699 – 2.448
|
0.405
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.051
|
0.518 – 2.150
|
0.890
|
1.190
|
0.552 – 2.653
|
0.662
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
360
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.065
|
0.043
|
Aim 2: Vascular Damage
Microinfarcts
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.029
|
0.000 – 2.519
|
0.124
|
0.046
|
0.003 – 0.562
|
0.021
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.006
|
0.904 – 1.120
|
0.907
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
10.530
|
0.091 – 1910.610
|
0.351
|
10.520
|
0.090 – 1918.818
|
0.352
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
8.196
|
1.206 – 54.899
|
0.030
|
8.323
|
1.223 – 55.789
|
0.029
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
17.128
|
0.377 – 1067.766
|
0.158
|
17.635
|
0.386 – 1106.144
|
0.154
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.028
|
0.771 – 1.371
|
0.852
|
1.028
|
0.771 – 1.372
|
0.851
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.040
|
0.622 – 1.742
|
0.882
|
1.034
|
0.619 – 1.732
|
0.899
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.143
|
0.925 – 1.413
|
0.216
|
1.164
|
0.946 – 1.435
|
0.152
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
12.075
|
0.225 – 697.671
|
0.223
|
11.321
|
0.329 – 437.092
|
0.185
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
5.550
|
0.717 – 43.592
|
0.101
|
5.000
|
1.362 – 18.682
|
0.016
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
2.935
|
0.115 – 76.331
|
0.515
|
2.364
|
0.264 – 22.443
|
0.446
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.793
|
0.576 – 1.090
|
0.154
|
0.793
|
0.576 – 1.090
|
0.154
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.896
|
0.609 – 1.316
|
0.575
|
0.915
|
0.620 – 1.350
|
0.654
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.887
|
0.541 – 1.451
|
0.633
|
0.900
|
0.549 – 1.474
|
0.675
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.948
|
0.689 – 1.305
|
0.743
|
0.957
|
0.695 – 1.319
|
0.788
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.989
|
0.661 – 1.481
|
0.958
|
1.006
|
0.670 – 1.508
|
0.979
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.968
|
0.891 – 1.051
|
0.439
|
|
Observations
|
832
|
832
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.043
|
0.044
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.024
|
0.000 – 6.411
|
0.193
|
1.748
|
0.003 – 1060.135
|
0.864
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.082
|
0.935 – 1.255
|
0.289
|
0.875
|
0.737 – 1.034
|
0.122
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.160
|
0.778 – 1.734
|
0.467
|
0.844
|
0.550 – 1.294
|
0.437
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.085
|
1.036 – 1.138
|
0.001
|
1.031
|
0.965 – 1.103
|
0.363
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.977
|
0.484 – 1.998
|
0.948
|
1.041
|
0.465 – 2.315
|
0.921
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.247
|
0.917 – 1.702
|
0.161
|
1.001
|
0.745 – 1.350
|
0.993
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
95.221
|
0.505 – 20245.998
|
0.091
|
98.497
|
0.128 – 203438.472
|
0.208
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
4.339
|
0.272 – 71.422
|
0.301
|
12.323
|
0.511 – 318.670
|
0.125
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
22.072
|
0.248 – 2039.616
|
0.177
|
1.812
|
0.013 – 355.139
|
0.820
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.899
|
0.579 – 1.388
|
0.631
|
0.692
|
0.420 – 1.138
|
0.147
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.921
|
0.512 – 1.651
|
0.784
|
0.923
|
0.543 – 1.580
|
0.768
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.187
|
0.543 – 2.586
|
0.666
|
0.718
|
0.359 – 1.427
|
0.344
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.931
|
0.589 – 1.472
|
0.760
|
0.972
|
0.616 – 1.533
|
0.903
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.852
|
0.477 – 1.514
|
0.586
|
1.201
|
0.672 – 2.164
|
0.538
|
|
Observations
|
429
|
403
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.043
|
0.053
|
Stratified, NO2
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.472
|
0.042 – 4.954
|
0.535
|
0.039
|
0.001 – 1.013
|
0.074
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.973
|
0.861 – 1.096
|
0.650
|
0.960
|
0.853 – 1.080
|
0.498
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.178
|
0.789 – 1.762
|
0.423
|
0.837
|
0.545 – 1.285
|
0.417
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.084
|
1.036 – 1.137
|
0.001
|
1.033
|
0.966 – 1.105
|
0.343
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.029
|
0.511 – 2.095
|
0.937
|
1.116
|
0.501 – 2.466
|
0.786
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.321
|
0.978 – 1.791
|
0.071
|
0.966
|
0.720 – 1.296
|
0.817
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
23.706
|
0.263 – 2518.290
|
0.175
|
319.133
|
0.719 – 451264.908
|
0.090
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.382
|
0.230 – 8.380
|
0.724
|
68.146
|
7.901 – 744.175
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
3.503
|
0.175 – 73.746
|
0.414
|
15.297
|
0.381 – 1245.710
|
0.185
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.910
|
0.588 – 1.404
|
0.672
|
0.689
|
0.418 – 1.133
|
0.142
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.938
|
0.519 – 1.687
|
0.831
|
0.951
|
0.557 – 1.634
|
0.855
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.196
|
0.547 – 2.605
|
0.652
|
0.701
|
0.351 – 1.394
|
0.311
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.930
|
0.589 – 1.471
|
0.757
|
0.993
|
0.629 – 1.567
|
0.975
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.851
|
0.475 – 1.515
|
0.583
|
1.260
|
0.701 – 2.281
|
0.442
|
|
Observations
|
429
|
403
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.040
|
0.049
|
Gross infarcts
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.011
|
0.000 – 2.688
|
0.114
|
0.103
|
0.002 – 2.869
|
0.215
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.056
|
0.928 – 1.200
|
0.409
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
6.977
|
0.016 – 7200.073
|
0.556
|
7.825
|
0.018 – 8004.765
|
0.532
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
36.417
|
3.530 – 425.770
|
0.003
|
35.347
|
3.433 – 411.014
|
0.003
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
4.499
|
0.039 – 779.110
|
0.547
|
5.238
|
0.046 – 902.004
|
0.506
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.955
|
0.679 – 1.343
|
0.793
|
0.951
|
0.675 – 1.338
|
0.775
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.609
|
0.888 – 3.040
|
0.128
|
1.586
|
0.874 – 3.000
|
0.140
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.042
|
0.816 – 1.328
|
0.741
|
1.093
|
0.859 – 1.391
|
0.467
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.005
|
0.000 – 0.725
|
0.033
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 0.258
|
0.009
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
42.442
|
3.312 – 573.934
|
0.004
|
18.192
|
3.672 – 100.753
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.093
|
0.024 – 52.463
|
0.964
|
0.300
|
0.022 – 5.092
|
0.384
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.881
|
0.602 – 1.279
|
0.510
|
0.880
|
0.601 – 1.278
|
0.506
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.872
|
0.559 – 1.348
|
0.542
|
0.902
|
0.575 – 1.401
|
0.649
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.957
|
0.563 – 1.620
|
0.870
|
0.987
|
0.580 – 1.672
|
0.960
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.147
|
0.786 – 1.678
|
0.477
|
1.162
|
0.795 – 1.701
|
0.439
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.965
|
0.602 – 1.541
|
0.883
|
0.983
|
0.612 – 1.573
|
0.944
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.945
|
0.856 – 1.038
|
0.249
|
|
Observations
|
840
|
840
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.126
|
0.126
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.309
|
0.000 – 430.744
|
0.749
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 2.607
|
0.101
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.021
|
0.843 – 1.231
|
0.830
|
1.123
|
0.936 – 1.353
|
0.214
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.198
|
0.721 – 1.989
|
0.485
|
0.814
|
0.513 – 1.285
|
0.377
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.098
|
1.031 – 1.173
|
0.004
|
0.986
|
0.919 – 1.058
|
0.695
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.778
|
0.753 – 4.686
|
0.212
|
1.606
|
0.681 – 4.006
|
0.290
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.119
|
0.762 – 1.641
|
0.565
|
0.946
|
0.688 – 1.293
|
0.728
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.008
|
0.000 – 7.190
|
0.156
|
0.087
|
0.000 – 485.324
|
0.516
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
14.181
|
0.390 – 529.362
|
0.148
|
1035.718
|
23.910 – 73951.990
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.628
|
0.002 – 173.279
|
0.871
|
21.000
|
0.124 – 8619.449
|
0.272
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.922
|
0.529 – 1.576
|
0.769
|
0.806
|
0.463 – 1.385
|
0.439
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.779
|
0.366 – 1.589
|
0.502
|
1.019
|
0.588 – 1.755
|
0.947
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.972
|
0.400 – 2.317
|
0.949
|
1.032
|
0.519 – 2.052
|
0.928
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.282
|
0.712 – 2.335
|
0.410
|
1.029
|
0.630 – 1.679
|
0.910
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.155
|
0.560 – 2.365
|
0.694
|
0.792
|
0.421 – 1.474
|
0.464
|
|
Observations
|
433
|
407
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.096
|
0.128
|
Stratified, NO2
|
Â
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.913
|
0.036 – 18.413
|
0.954
|
0.239
|
0.002 – 7.737
|
0.483
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.949
|
0.814 – 1.094
|
0.487
|
0.931
|
0.817 – 1.057
|
0.275
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.219
|
0.733 – 2.030
|
0.445
|
0.778
|
0.489 – 1.234
|
0.288
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.099
|
1.032 – 1.175
|
0.004
|
0.992
|
0.924 – 1.064
|
0.825
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.790
|
0.762 – 4.701
|
0.205
|
1.471
|
0.625 – 3.658
|
0.387
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.156
|
0.793 – 1.687
|
0.450
|
1.024
|
0.750 – 1.397
|
0.881
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.006
|
0.000 – 3.115
|
0.097
|
0.022
|
0.000 – 142.659
|
0.307
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
10.426
|
1.177 – 102.410
|
0.039
|
182.694
|
13.092 – 6273.136
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.376
|
0.009 – 18.507
|
0.611
|
1.847
|
0.039 – 434.417
|
0.786
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.916
|
0.525 – 1.569
|
0.754
|
0.801
|
0.460 – 1.375
|
0.425
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.801
|
0.375 – 1.644
|
0.555
|
1.051
|
0.602 – 1.823
|
0.860
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.979
|
0.402 – 2.338
|
0.962
|
1.109
|
0.559 – 2.207
|
0.766
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.292
|
0.718 – 2.353
|
0.395
|
1.054
|
0.644 – 1.726
|
0.834
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.176
|
0.570 – 2.411
|
0.659
|
0.817
|
0.433 – 1.529
|
0.529
|
|
Observations
|
433
|
407
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.097
|
0.127
|
Aim 3: Modifying effect of established risk factors
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.128
|
0.000 – 70.697
|
0.525
|
1.673
|
0.070 – 39.347
|
0.749
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.038
|
0.875 – 1.232
|
0.671
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
3.791
|
0.376 – 38.382
|
0.257
|
0.375
|
0.043 – 3.010
|
0.363
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.059 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.118
|
1.062 – 1.178
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.297
|
0.837 – 2.020
|
0.247
|
1.289
|
0.830 – 2.011
|
0.260
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.110
|
0.494 – 2.423
|
0.796
|
1.018
|
0.452 – 2.226
|
0.964
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.975
|
0.696 – 1.364
|
0.882
|
1.000
|
0.719 – 1.391
|
1.000
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.735
|
0.002 – 317.835
|
0.920
|
0.356
|
0.002 – 74.478
|
0.699
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
109.406
|
5.646 – 2318.663
|
0.002
|
94.761
|
12.549 – 745.260
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.969
|
0.005 – 179.386
|
0.991
|
0.422
|
0.012 – 15.282
|
0.633
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.282
|
0.794 – 2.080
|
0.310
|
1.280
|
0.793 – 2.079
|
0.314
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.065
|
0.571 – 2.003
|
0.843
|
1.118
|
0.592 – 2.127
|
0.731
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.890
|
0.780 – 4.723
|
0.164
|
1.844
|
0.766 – 4.551
|
0.177
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.096
|
0.667 – 1.799
|
0.717
|
1.067
|
0.647 – 1.760
|
0.798
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.018
|
0.543 – 1.911
|
0.954
|
0.989
|
0.524 – 1.868
|
0.973
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.975
|
0.874 – 1.088
|
0.647
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.851
|
0.676 – 1.060
|
0.154
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.264
|
0.967 – 1.675
|
0.092
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.162
|
0.165
|
Modifier = CVD
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.800
|
0.002 – 388.510
|
0.944
|
1.125
|
0.076 – 15.550
|
0.930
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.996
|
0.846 – 1.174
|
0.960
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.244
|
0.020 – 3.034
|
0.267
|
0.377
|
0.040 – 3.317
|
0.385
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.060 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
1.115
|
1.061 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.218
|
0.787 – 1.890
|
0.378
|
1.228
|
0.794 – 1.907
|
0.357
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.957
|
0.422 – 2.098
|
0.915
|
1.005
|
0.447 – 2.187
|
0.990
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.059
|
0.761 – 1.476
|
0.733
|
1.071
|
0.776 – 1.480
|
0.677
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.469
|
0.001 – 190.510
|
0.803
|
0.446
|
0.003 – 83.140
|
0.756
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
98.509
|
5.225 – 2040.174
|
0.002
|
83.665
|
11.507 – 631.366
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.790
|
0.005 – 141.118
|
0.929
|
0.603
|
0.019 – 20.523
|
0.775
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.242
|
0.776 – 1.995
|
0.367
|
1.266
|
0.792 – 2.033
|
0.326
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.116
|
0.600 – 2.090
|
0.730
|
1.145
|
0.614 – 2.154
|
0.672
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.485
|
0.630 – 3.566
|
0.370
|
1.523
|
0.647 – 3.660
|
0.340
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.100
|
0.674 – 1.795
|
0.702
|
1.120
|
0.685 – 1.831
|
0.652
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.065
|
0.577 – 1.970
|
0.840
|
1.074
|
0.580 – 1.994
|
0.820
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.062
|
0.942 – 1.195
|
0.316
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.952
|
0.822 – 1.108
|
0.512
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.113
|
0.844 – 1.487
|
0.454
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.134
|
0.134
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.632
|
0.001 – 316.234
|
0.885
|
1.150
|
0.079 – 15.602
|
0.917
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.006
|
0.855 – 1.186
|
0.942
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
1.085
|
0.050 – 32.119
|
0.960
|
0.428
|
0.037 – 4.017
|
0.473
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.061 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
1.113
|
1.059 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.194
|
0.776 – 1.842
|
0.420
|
1.195
|
0.776 – 1.845
|
0.419
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.984
|
0.437 – 2.147
|
0.969
|
1.033
|
0.459 – 2.249
|
0.936
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.038
|
0.746 – 1.446
|
0.825
|
1.051
|
0.761 – 1.454
|
0.761
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.441
|
0.001 – 179.511
|
0.787
|
0.426
|
0.003 – 77.893
|
0.742
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
84.296
|
4.466 – 1740.738
|
0.003
|
76.936
|
10.420 – 589.769
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.658
|
0.004 – 116.331
|
0.873
|
0.563
|
0.019 – 18.641
|
0.743
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.258
|
0.786 – 2.020
|
0.340
|
1.257
|
0.786 – 2.020
|
0.341
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.153
|
0.623 – 2.154
|
0.652
|
1.182
|
0.635 – 2.221
|
0.601
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.566
|
0.669 – 3.746
|
0.306
|
1.546
|
0.658 – 3.704
|
0.321
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.105
|
0.677 – 1.803
|
0.689
|
1.119
|
0.684 – 1.829
|
0.653
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.088
|
0.590 – 2.009
|
0.787
|
1.081
|
0.583 – 2.008
|
0.806
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
1.002
|
0.848 – 1.163
|
0.985
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.941
|
0.810 – 1.097
|
0.430
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.134
|
0.857 – 1.557
|
0.401
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.134
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.990
|
0.052
|
0.892
|
0.002 – 425.969
|
0.970
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.302
|
1.040 – 1.651
|
0.025
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
38.093
|
1.488 – 1063.616
|
0.029
|
0.459
|
0.049 – 4.263
|
0.491
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.067
|
1.003 – 1.137
|
0.040
|
1.082
|
1.018 – 1.153
|
0.013
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.196
|
0.720 – 2.000
|
0.490
|
1.186
|
0.715 – 1.978
|
0.511
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.829
|
0.330 – 1.967
|
0.678
|
0.818
|
0.327 – 1.923
|
0.654
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.031
|
0.707 – 1.508
|
0.873
|
1.148
|
0.798 – 1.661
|
0.458
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
5007.763
|
0.073 – 248000549.255
|
0.121
|
285.058
|
0.006 – 10388959.392
|
0.284
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
2.086
|
0.023 – 174.832
|
0.745
|
0.334
|
0.007 – 14.042
|
0.563
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1782.618
|
0.637 – 4969623.362
|
0.061
|
36.691
|
0.036 – 33699.147
|
0.292
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.864
|
1.079 – 3.289
|
0.028
|
1.817
|
1.061 – 3.175
|
0.032
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.269
|
0.661 – 2.492
|
0.480
|
1.313
|
0.684 – 2.579
|
0.420
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.741
|
0.308 – 1.778
|
0.500
|
0.741
|
0.311 – 1.761
|
0.496
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.881
|
0.484 – 1.596
|
0.677
|
0.848
|
0.469 – 1.524
|
0.584
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.081
|
0.528 – 2.226
|
0.832
|
1.017
|
0.498 – 2.090
|
0.962
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.834
|
0.702 – 0.986
|
0.036
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.879
|
0.688 – 1.128
|
0.301
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.132
|
0.849 – 1.509
|
0.393
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.087
|
0.067
|
Modifier = CVD
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 28.714
|
0.242
|
0.479
|
0.002 – 160.218
|
0.795
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.155
|
0.945 – 1.423
|
0.165
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.289
|
0.006 – 13.987
|
0.530
|
3.843
|
0.386 – 39.584
|
0.251
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.083
|
1.019 – 1.154
|
0.011
|
1.085
|
1.021 – 1.157
|
0.010
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.067
|
0.637 – 1.792
|
0.806
|
1.110
|
0.662 – 1.872
|
0.693
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.829
|
0.333 – 1.948
|
0.675
|
0.902
|
0.364 – 2.105
|
0.815
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.995
|
0.681 – 1.454
|
0.977
|
1.107
|
0.767 – 1.606
|
0.587
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
250.441
|
0.004 – 11314058.101
|
0.309
|
141.883
|
0.003 – 5193513.610
|
0.347
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.243
|
0.014 – 101.181
|
0.923
|
0.265
|
0.005 – 11.226
|
0.484
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
283.869
|
0.118 – 680835.313
|
0.150
|
22.092
|
0.022 – 20503.894
|
0.366
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.742
|
1.006 – 3.073
|
0.051
|
1.797
|
1.045 – 3.153
|
0.037
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.392
|
0.722 – 2.751
|
0.331
|
1.448
|
0.749 – 2.873
|
0.279
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.750
|
0.313 – 1.797
|
0.518
|
0.803
|
0.333 – 1.931
|
0.622
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.933
|
0.512 – 1.694
|
0.820
|
0.893
|
0.492 – 1.613
|
0.709
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.150
|
0.561 – 2.377
|
0.704
|
1.141
|
0.556 – 2.367
|
0.720
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.095
|
0.895 – 1.346
|
0.379
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.980
|
0.836 – 1.159
|
0.805
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
0.895
|
0.668 – 1.200
|
0.455
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.087
|
0.078
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 9.047
|
0.151
|
0.341
|
0.001 – 117.167
|
0.707
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.173
|
0.961 – 1.443
|
0.122
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
1.419
|
0.019 – 101.683
|
0.872
|
1.292
|
0.120 – 13.105
|
0.829
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.079
|
1.015 – 1.148
|
0.016
|
1.080
|
1.016 – 1.150
|
0.014
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.160
|
0.700 – 1.933
|
0.566
|
1.168
|
0.704 – 1.949
|
0.548
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.788
|
0.316 – 1.847
|
0.592
|
0.858
|
0.346 – 2.004
|
0.730
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.036
|
0.712 – 1.512
|
0.851
|
1.151
|
0.800 – 1.665
|
0.449
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
1541.686
|
0.026 – 65178062.010
|
0.173
|
507.171
|
0.012 – 19826827.724
|
0.238
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.902
|
0.022 – 156.165
|
0.774
|
0.360
|
0.008 – 15.335
|
0.590
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
875.156
|
0.367 – 2086967.935
|
0.083
|
57.510
|
0.059 – 54485.541
|
0.236
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.851
|
1.076 – 3.252
|
0.029
|
1.851
|
1.080 – 3.236
|
0.027
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.295
|
0.679 – 2.525
|
0.439
|
1.325
|
0.693 – 2.592
|
0.401
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.698
|
0.293 – 1.656
|
0.414
|
0.721
|
0.303 – 1.710
|
0.458
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.907
|
0.499 – 1.641
|
0.748
|
0.873
|
0.483 – 1.571
|
0.652
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.104
|
0.541 – 2.273
|
0.786
|
1.083
|
0.529 – 2.237
|
0.828
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
0.991
|
0.796 – 1.241
|
0.938
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.955
|
0.811 – 1.132
|
0.586
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
0.992
|
0.744 – 1.340
|
0.956
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.076
|
0.066
|
Aim 4: Modifying effect of vascular pathologies
Outcome = Microinfarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 0.502
|
0.031
|
1.141
|
0.066 – 19.037
|
0.927
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.186
|
1.006 – 1.404
|
0.044
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
6.842
|
0.645 – 79.389
|
0.116
|
0.362
|
0.051 – 2.442
|
0.301
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.071
|
1.020 – 1.126
|
0.006
|
1.073
|
1.021 – 1.128
|
0.006
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.228
|
0.810 – 1.864
|
0.334
|
1.216
|
0.802 – 1.848
|
0.357
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.849
|
0.400 – 1.817
|
0.670
|
0.962
|
0.457 – 2.037
|
0.918
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.255
|
0.911 – 1.735
|
0.165
|
1.391
|
1.018 – 1.912
|
0.040
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
671.320
|
1.981 – 267421.908
|
0.030
|
22.096
|
0.173 – 3478.760
|
0.219
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
5.565
|
0.299 – 107.630
|
0.252
|
0.787
|
0.106 – 5.825
|
0.814
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
134.380
|
0.860 – 22804.054
|
0.059
|
3.533
|
0.121 – 110.316
|
0.466
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.942
|
0.596 – 1.480
|
0.795
|
0.974
|
0.618 – 1.530
|
0.910
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.900
|
0.493 – 1.630
|
0.728
|
0.883
|
0.481 – 1.609
|
0.685
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.253
|
0.557 – 2.809
|
0.584
|
1.188
|
0.532 – 2.641
|
0.672
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.852
|
0.531 – 1.366
|
0.506
|
0.821
|
0.511 – 1.318
|
0.414
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.798
|
0.440 – 1.441
|
0.456
|
0.805
|
0.443 – 1.456
|
0.474
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.934
|
0.833 – 1.044
|
0.233
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.863
|
0.696 – 1.056
|
0.162
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.222
|
0.954 – 1.580
|
0.117
|
|
Observations
|
412
|
412
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.061
|
0.055
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.061
|
0.014
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 1.029
|
0.075
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.179
|
0.948 – 1.472
|
0.140
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
2.182
|
0.072 – 71.985
|
0.656
|
1.265
|
0.142 – 11.138
|
0.832
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.078
|
1.013 – 1.149
|
0.019
|
1.074
|
1.010 – 1.145
|
0.025
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.977
|
0.596 – 1.602
|
0.927
|
0.959
|
0.582 – 1.576
|
0.867
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.891
|
0.390 – 2.071
|
0.785
|
0.971
|
0.428 – 2.241
|
0.944
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.269
|
0.881 – 1.832
|
0.201
|
1.353
|
0.944 – 1.950
|
0.101
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
5039793.848
|
7.103 – 30673459183188.867
|
0.035
|
2844075.709
|
2.851 – 37085731176075.359
|
0.053
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
210.848
|
1.240 – 73145.988
|
0.053
|
49.543
|
0.353 – 19880.676
|
0.160
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
45789.078
|
5.343 – 1254543047.197
|
0.027
|
5228.872
|
0.720 – 195218452.036
|
0.082
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.003
|
0.591 – 1.695
|
0.992
|
1.012
|
0.599 – 1.707
|
0.964
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.856
|
0.455 – 1.602
|
0.626
|
0.838
|
0.444 – 1.573
|
0.582
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.319
|
0.562 – 3.094
|
0.523
|
1.310
|
0.560 – 3.065
|
0.532
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.964
|
0.540 – 1.728
|
0.903
|
0.908
|
0.510 – 1.616
|
0.741
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.190
|
0.592 – 2.409
|
0.626
|
1.105
|
0.551 – 2.227
|
0.778
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.000
|
0.836 – 1.194
|
0.996
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.987
|
0.774 – 1.254
|
0.917
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.081
|
0.820 – 1.436
|
0.581
|
|
Observations
|
332
|
332
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.081
|
0.078
|
Outcome = Gross infarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.320
|
0.000 – 1072.714
|
0.782
|
2.751
|
0.057 – 132.226
|
0.605
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.025
|
0.824 – 1.269
|
0.820
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.987
|
0.126 – 35.966
|
0.631
|
0.507
|
0.035 – 6.131
|
0.605
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.075
|
1.006 – 1.152
|
0.035
|
1.078
|
1.009 – 1.156
|
0.030
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.159
|
0.685 – 1.959
|
0.581
|
1.140
|
0.671 – 1.935
|
0.628
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.708
|
0.682 – 4.839
|
0.279
|
1.755
|
0.709 – 4.916
|
0.249
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.083
|
0.727 – 1.609
|
0.693
|
1.118
|
0.755 – 1.653
|
0.576
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 4.895
|
0.118
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 1.224
|
0.049
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
9.631
|
0.209 – 439.676
|
0.245
|
6.273
|
0.555 – 76.980
|
0.143
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.317
|
0.001 – 168.351
|
0.720
|
0.168
|
0.003 – 12.338
|
0.402
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.868
|
0.487 – 1.516
|
0.625
|
0.885
|
0.496 – 1.547
|
0.673
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.785
|
0.366 – 1.616
|
0.521
|
0.782
|
0.362 – 1.621
|
0.519
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.830
|
0.332 – 2.031
|
0.686
|
0.814
|
0.324 – 1.995
|
0.656
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.224
|
0.669 – 2.262
|
0.514
|
1.199
|
0.655 – 2.214
|
0.559
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.114
|
0.530 – 2.321
|
0.773
|
1.109
|
0.527 – 2.313
|
0.784
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.000
|
0.867 – 1.146
|
0.998
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.847
|
0.601 – 1.126
|
0.297
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.206
|
0.869 – 1.748
|
0.290
|
|
Observations
|
416
|
416
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.102
|
0.103
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
Â
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.021
|
0.000 – 1673.481
|
0.539
|
0.005
|
0.000 – 31.839
|
0.334
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.955
|
0.725 – 1.242
|
0.738
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
3.612
|
0.064 – 209.143
|
0.531
|
3.768
|
0.302 – 44.790
|
0.294
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.089
|
1.009 – 1.180
|
0.031
|
1.092
|
1.011 – 1.183
|
0.029
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.193
|
0.675 – 2.110
|
0.543
|
1.195
|
0.673 – 2.124
|
0.542
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.579
|
0.620 – 4.509
|
0.361
|
1.544
|
0.610 – 4.391
|
0.382
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.119
|
0.736 – 1.701
|
0.597
|
1.100
|
0.727 – 1.664
|
0.652
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
11.363
|
0.000 – 60870725039.307
|
0.803
|
13.590
|
0.000 – 37630644938.112
|
0.783
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
130.827
|
0.196 – 1171821.915
|
0.213
|
233.342
|
0.686 – 1732829.285
|
0.144
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
15.775
|
0.000 – 30832911.327
|
0.666
|
36.577
|
0.002 – 55202025.039
|
0.559
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.803
|
0.433 – 1.457
|
0.476
|
0.794
|
0.427 – 1.442
|
0.455
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.751
|
0.345 – 1.571
|
0.457
|
0.774
|
0.355 – 1.626
|
0.508
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.011
|
0.393 – 2.550
|
0.982
|
1.025
|
0.398 – 2.592
|
0.959
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.194
|
0.609 – 2.378
|
0.608
|
1.224
|
0.625 – 2.430
|
0.558
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.265
|
0.572 – 2.805
|
0.561
|
1.315
|
0.596 – 2.912
|
0.496
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.967
|
0.779 – 1.207
|
0.765
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.023
|
0.757 – 1.341
|
0.873
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
0.913
|
0.665 – 1.278
|
0.581
|
|
Observations
|
335
|
335
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.098
|
0.098
|
Summarizing All Results
Tables to Summarize Aim 1 and Aim 2 Results
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.005
|
0.855, 1.181
|
1.145
|
0.936, 1.4
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.170
|
0.957, 1.431
|
1.195
|
0.961, 1.487
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.082
|
0.935, 1.253
|
0.875
|
0.739, 1.036
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.021
|
0.845, 1.233
|
1.123
|
0.935, 1.348
|
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.976
|
0.857, 1.11
|
0.955
|
0.82, 1.112
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.957
|
0.833, 1.1
|
0.948
|
0.807, 1.114
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.973
|
0.863, 1.097
|
0.960
|
0.854, 1.08
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
0.949
|
0.82, 1.099
|
0.931
|
0.819, 1.058
|
Tables to Summarize Aim 3 and Aim 4 Results
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.038
|
0.875, 1.23
|
0.996
|
0.83, 1.196
|
0.975
|
0.874, 1.087
|
|
CVD
|
0.996
|
0.846, 1.172
|
1.055
|
0.865, 1.287
|
1.062
|
0.944, 1.196
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.006
|
0.855, 1.184
|
1.000
|
0.806, 1.241
|
1.002
|
0.857, 1.171
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.302
|
1.034, 1.639
|
1.113
|
0.89, 1.392
|
0.834
|
0.704, 0.988
|
|
CVD
|
1.155
|
0.942, 1.417
|
1.282
|
0.967, 1.699
|
1.095
|
0.894, 1.342
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.173
|
0.958, 1.436
|
1.186
|
0.883, 1.593
|
0.991
|
0.796, 1.235
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.186
|
1.005, 1.4
|
1.070
|
0.895, 1.278
|
0.934
|
0.834, 1.045
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.179
|
0.947, 1.467
|
1.134
|
0.903, 1.425
|
1.000
|
0.838, 1.195
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.080
|
0.927, 1.259
|
1.077
|
0.913, 1.271
|
1.016
|
0.923, 1.119
|
|
CVD
|
1.069
|
0.922, 1.241
|
1.121
|
0.937, 1.341
|
1.058
|
0.952, 1.175
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.065
|
0.919, 1.235
|
1.122
|
0.926, 1.359
|
1.112
|
0.975, 1.269
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.025
|
0.827, 1.271
|
0.995
|
0.789, 1.253
|
1.000
|
0.871, 1.148
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.955
|
0.731, 1.249
|
0.901
|
0.689, 1.178
|
0.967
|
0.778, 1.202
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.058
|
0.87, 1.288
|
0.965
|
0.776, 1.2
|
0.936
|
0.826, 1.061
|
|
CVD
|
1.025
|
0.848, 1.238
|
0.966
|
0.758, 1.231
|
0.980
|
0.853, 1.126
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.018
|
0.841, 1.233
|
0.936
|
0.715, 1.225
|
0.955
|
0.797, 1.143
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.851
|
0.682, 1.063
|
1.054
|
0.881, 1.259
|
1.264
|
0.962, 1.661
|
|
CVD
|
0.952
|
0.821, 1.103
|
1.015
|
0.782, 1.317
|
1.113
|
0.841, 1.474
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.941
|
0.81, 1.094
|
1.077
|
0.829, 1.4
|
1.134
|
0.846, 1.52
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.040
|
0.883, 1.225
|
0.832
|
0.666, 1.039
|
0.839
|
0.645, 1.092
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.879
|
0.689, 1.122
|
0.988
|
0.834, 1.169
|
1.132
|
0.851, 1.506
|
|
CVD
|
0.980
|
0.834, 1.151
|
0.833
|
0.639, 1.085
|
0.895
|
0.67, 1.196
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.955
|
0.81, 1.126
|
0.953
|
0.743, 1.223
|
0.992
|
0.742, 1.325
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.029
|
0.859, 1.232
|
0.804
|
0.634, 1.019
|
0.831
|
0.628, 1.098
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.863
|
0.702, 1.061
|
1.024
|
0.876, 1.197
|
1.222
|
0.951, 1.569
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.987
|
0.778, 1.253
|
1.037
|
0.879, 1.223
|
1.081
|
0.819, 1.428
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.867
|
0.701, 1.071
|
0.996
|
0.859, 1.154
|
1.184
|
0.924, 1.518
|
|
CVD
|
1.010
|
0.88, 1.159
|
0.823
|
0.643, 1.052
|
0.865
|
0.668, 1.121
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.980
|
0.849, 1.13
|
0.907
|
0.728, 1.13
|
0.958
|
0.743, 1.234
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.017
|
0.879, 1.175
|
0.832
|
0.669, 1.036
|
0.872
|
0.682, 1.114
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.847
|
0.62, 1.157
|
0.978
|
0.821, 1.164
|
1.206
|
0.853, 1.705
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.023
|
0.773, 1.355
|
0.885
|
0.726, 1.078
|
0.913
|
0.662, 1.26
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.896
|
0.681, 1.178
|
0.916
|
0.765, 1.096
|
1.089
|
0.798, 1.487
|
|
CVD
|
0.917
|
0.769, 1.094
|
0.929
|
0.703, 1.229
|
1.128
|
0.835, 1.524
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.965
|
0.809, 1.152
|
0.845
|
0.644, 1.108
|
0.907
|
0.663, 1.242
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.911
|
0.75, 1.106
|
0.898
|
0.698, 1.154
|
1.088
|
0.813, 1.458
|
Comparing results using different weights
Aims 1 and 2
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.986
|
0.836, 1.163
|
1.005
|
0.855, 1.181
|
0.968
|
0.821, 1.142
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.288
|
1.05, 1.581
|
1.170
|
0.957, 1.431
|
1.254
|
1.02, 1.542
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.082
|
0.931, 1.258
|
1.082
|
0.935, 1.253
|
1.093
|
0.942, 1.268
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.013
|
0.843, 1.218
|
1.021
|
0.845, 1.233
|
1.009
|
0.838, 1.216
|
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.195
|
0.97, 1.473
|
1.145
|
0.936, 1.4
|
1.187
|
0.971, 1.452
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.144
|
0.915, 1.43
|
1.195
|
0.961, 1.487
|
1.241
|
1, 1.538
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.856
|
0.721, 1.018
|
0.875
|
0.739, 1.036
|
0.861
|
0.729, 1.017
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.104
|
0.92, 1.325
|
1.123
|
0.935, 1.348
|
1.127
|
0.942, 1.35
|
Aims 3 and 4
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Modifier
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.986
|
0.881, 1.103
|
0.975
|
0.874, 1.087
|
1.004
|
0.897, 1.124
|
|
CVD
|
1.038
|
0.918, 1.174
|
1.062
|
0.944, 1.196
|
1.059
|
0.94, 1.193
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.007
|
0.858, 1.182
|
1.002
|
0.857, 1.171
|
0.993
|
0.84, 1.174
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.868
|
0.735, 1.024
|
0.834
|
0.704, 0.988
|
0.886
|
0.751, 1.047
|
|
CVD
|
1.060
|
0.864, 1.3
|
1.095
|
0.894, 1.342
|
1.108
|
0.911, 1.348
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.059
|
0.855, 1.311
|
0.991
|
0.796, 1.235
|
1.020
|
0.828, 1.256
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.941
|
0.839, 1.054
|
0.934
|
0.834, 1.045
|
0.922
|
0.823, 1.034
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.986
|
0.837, 1.163
|
1.000
|
0.838, 1.195
|
0.987
|
0.829, 1.175
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.021
|
0.925, 1.127
|
1.016
|
0.923, 1.119
|
1.035
|
0.939, 1.141
|
|
CVD
|
1.062
|
0.952, 1.184
|
1.058
|
0.952, 1.175
|
1.075
|
0.968, 1.195
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.115
|
0.971, 1.279
|
1.112
|
0.975, 1.269
|
1.108
|
0.964, 1.274
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.026
|
0.892, 1.18
|
1.000
|
0.871, 1.148
|
1.016
|
0.886, 1.165
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.954
|
0.778, 1.17
|
0.967
|
0.778, 1.202
|
0.929
|
0.747, 1.154
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.942
|
0.83, 1.07
|
0.936
|
0.826, 1.061
|
0.934
|
0.825, 1.057
|
|
CVD
|
0.996
|
0.866, 1.145
|
0.980
|
0.853, 1.126
|
0.997
|
0.871, 1.14
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.957
|
0.801, 1.143
|
0.955
|
0.797, 1.143
|
0.924
|
0.764, 1.118
|
Bootstrapped Results
Aims 1 and 2
Unstratified Results: PM2.5
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.903
|
0.864, 0.944
|
|
Model 2
|
1.056
|
0.931, 1.23
|
|
Model 3
|
1.063
|
0.926, 1.254
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.004
|
0.956, 1.089
|
|
Model 2
|
1.142
|
1.017, 1.39
|
|
Model 3
|
1.150
|
1.021, 1.415
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.004
|
0.965, 1.045
|
|
Model 2
|
1.006
|
0.901, 1.135
|
|
Model 3
|
1.008
|
0.9, 1.142
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.857
|
0.81, 0.904
|
|
Model 2
|
1.056
|
0.929, 1.194
|
|
Model 3
|
1.061
|
0.93, 1.212
|
Unstratified Results: NO2
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.946
|
0.864, 1.033
|
|
Model 2
|
0.990
|
0.897, 1.107
|
|
Model 3
|
0.995
|
0.901, 1.118
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.967
|
0.89, 1.102
|
|
Model 2
|
0.976
|
0.88, 1.114
|
|
Model 3
|
0.976
|
0.879, 1.127
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.998
|
0.922, 1.083
|
|
Model 2
|
0.968
|
0.886, 1.063
|
|
Model 3
|
0.975
|
0.889, 1.08
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.850
|
0.762, 0.933
|
|
Model 2
|
0.945
|
0.86, 1.039
|
|
Model 3
|
0.942
|
0.854, 1.044
|
PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.890
|
0.839, 0.941
|
0.922
|
0.862, 0.998
|
|
Model 2
|
1.005
|
0.836, 1.216
|
1.145
|
0.92, 1.465
|
|
Model 3
|
1.015
|
0.835, 1.242
|
1.152
|
0.91, 1.486
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.048
|
0.975, 1.148
|
0.951
|
0.851, 1.053
|
|
Model 2
|
1.170
|
0.982, 1.57
|
1.195
|
0.94, 1.518
|
|
Model 3
|
1.195
|
0.995, 1.626
|
1.221
|
0.961, 1.583
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.020
|
0.971, 1.077
|
0.964
|
0.91, 1.028
|
|
Model 2
|
1.082
|
0.94, 1.323
|
0.875
|
0.727, 1.065
|
|
Model 3
|
1.090
|
0.943, 1.353
|
0.871
|
0.709, 1.051
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.883
|
0.806, 0.95
|
0.819
|
0.757, 0.87
|
|
Model 2
|
1.021
|
0.847, 1.224
|
1.123
|
0.932, 1.446
|
|
Model 3
|
1.039
|
0.857, 1.234
|
1.119
|
0.925, 1.471
|
NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.955
|
0.841, 1.076
|
0.921
|
0.822, 1.07
|
|
Model 2
|
0.976
|
0.861, 1.126
|
0.955
|
0.842, 1.269
|
|
Model 3
|
0.986
|
0.863, 1.152
|
0.951
|
0.838, 1.265
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.983
|
0.858, 1.132
|
0.932
|
0.834, 1.191
|
|
Model 2
|
0.957
|
0.816, 1.114
|
0.948
|
0.825, 1.439
|
|
Model 3
|
0.965
|
0.804, 1.132
|
0.941
|
0.811, 1.427
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.006
|
0.881, 1.139
|
0.970
|
0.882, 1.096
|
|
Model 2
|
0.973
|
0.839, 1.118
|
0.960
|
0.852, 1.111
|
|
Model 3
|
0.975
|
0.827, 1.136
|
0.962
|
0.843, 1.123
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.870
|
0.723, 1.009
|
0.829
|
0.715, 0.933
|
|
Model 2
|
0.949
|
0.806, 1.091
|
0.931
|
0.811, 1.058
|
|
Model 3
|
0.956
|
0.808, 1.113
|
0.921
|
0.794, 1.048
|
Co-pollutant model results
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
All participants
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.064
|
0.919, 1.242
|
0.960
|
0.796, 1.178
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.165
|
1.015, 1.409
|
0.908
|
0.753, 1.155
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.019
|
0.902, 1.151
|
0.935
|
0.79, 1.125
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.085
|
0.95, 1.243
|
0.874
|
0.743, 1.052
|
|
< 90
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.014
|
0.83, 1.248
|
0.951
|
0.734, 1.266
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.201
|
0.992, 1.611
|
0.872
|
0.641, 1.17
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.100
|
0.941, 1.344
|
0.915
|
0.694, 1.215
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.042
|
0.864, 1.24
|
0.895
|
0.664, 1.186
|
|
90 +
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.181
|
0.944, 1.494
|
0.861
|
0.673, 1.475
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.253
|
0.976, 1.599
|
0.824
|
0.637, 1.781
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.881
|
0.718, 1.079
|
0.973
|
0.774, 1.31
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.175
|
0.963, 1.508
|
0.823
|
0.63, 1.053
|
Aims 3 and 4
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.038
|
0.864, 1.269
|
1.011
|
0.822, 1.252
|
0.975
|
0.853, 1.101
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.996
|
0.831, 1.216
|
1.058
|
0.841, 1.377
|
1.062
|
0.922, 1.214
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.006
|
0.834, 1.239
|
1.008
|
0.764, 1.32
|
1.002
|
0.799, 1.185
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.302
|
1.096, 1.767
|
1.085
|
0.895, 1.51
|
0.834
|
0.686, 1.034
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.155
|
0.969, 1.554
|
1.266
|
0.967, 1.905
|
1.095
|
0.857, 1.443
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.173
|
0.99, 1.579
|
1.163
|
0.909, 1.973
|
0.991
|
0.8, 1.496
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.080
|
0.931, 1.335
|
1.098
|
0.937, 1.35
|
1.016
|
0.901, 1.148
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.069
|
0.929, 1.314
|
1.131
|
0.958, 1.421
|
1.058
|
0.937, 1.217
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.065
|
0.923, 1.308
|
1.185
|
0.999, 1.61
|
1.112
|
0.972, 1.399
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.186
|
1.014, 1.497
|
1.107
|
0.943, 1.397
|
0.934
|
0.818, 1.064
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.179
|
0.906, 1.561
|
1.179
|
0.973, 1.647
|
1.000
|
0.835, 1.287
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.058
|
0.842, 1.26
|
0.990
|
0.827, 1.188
|
0.936
|
0.843, 1.134
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.025
|
0.846, 1.213
|
1.004
|
0.786, 1.241
|
0.980
|
0.845, 1.156
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.018
|
0.833, 1.205
|
0.972
|
0.764, 1.187
|
0.955
|
0.752, 1.108
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.025
|
0.796, 1.265
|
1.025
|
0.836, 1.243
|
1.000
|
0.879, 1.248
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.955
|
0.725, 1.254
|
0.924
|
0.728, 1.155
|
0.967
|
0.79, 1.237
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.851
|
0.675, 1.073
|
1.076
|
0.931, 1.39
|
1.264
|
0.99, 1.775
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.952
|
0.816, 1.116
|
1.060
|
0.844, 1.546
|
1.113
|
0.862, 1.702
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.941
|
0.775, 1.09
|
1.067
|
0.89, 2.286
|
1.134
|
0.927, 2.501
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.879
|
0.698, 1.301
|
0.995
|
0.827, 1.173
|
1.132
|
0.787, 1.549
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.980
|
0.814, 1.156
|
0.877
|
0.664, 1.292
|
0.895
|
0.664, 1.4
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.955
|
0.769, 1.133
|
0.947
|
0.758, 1.711
|
0.992
|
0.777, 1.799
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.867
|
0.692, 1.131
|
1.027
|
0.881, 1.211
|
1.184
|
0.905, 1.598
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.010
|
0.864, 1.174
|
0.874
|
0.693, 1.2
|
0.865
|
0.67, 1.209
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.980
|
0.82, 1.149
|
0.938
|
0.762, 1.257
|
0.958
|
0.724, 1.312
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.863
|
0.701, 1.122
|
1.054
|
0.889, 1.258
|
1.222
|
0.92, 1.639
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.987
|
0.819, 1.435
|
1.068
|
0.91, 1.316
|
1.081
|
0.789, 1.464
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.896
|
0.699, 1.129
|
0.976
|
0.806, 1.156
|
1.089
|
0.84, 1.481
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.917
|
0.768, 1.072
|
1.035
|
0.743, 1.479
|
1.128
|
0.803, 1.664
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.965
|
0.789, 1.173
|
0.876
|
0.597, 1.076
|
0.907
|
0.606, 1.212
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.847
|
0.639, 1.052
|
1.022
|
0.859, 1.248
|
1.206
|
0.963, 1.723
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.023
|
0.766, 1.305
|
0.934
|
0.741, 1.121
|
0.913
|
0.693, 1.324
|
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.081
|
0.831, 1.418
|
1.222
|
0.991, 1.593
|
1.130
|
0.98, 1.363
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.097
|
0.872, 1.404
|
1.235
|
0.948, 1.645
|
1.126
|
0.951, 1.36
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.146
|
0.903, 1.468
|
1.146
|
0.725, 1.654
|
1.000
|
0.619, 1.345
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.291
|
0.983, 1.716
|
1.105
|
0.839, 1.444
|
0.856
|
0.673, 1.071
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.184
|
0.903, 1.511
|
1.257
|
1.001, 1.84
|
1.061
|
0.871, 1.405
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.179
|
0.922, 1.52
|
1.464
|
NA, NA
|
1.242
|
NA, NA
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.832
|
0.661, 1.006
|
0.914
|
0.738, 1.103
|
1.098
|
0.968, 1.276
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.893
|
0.736, 1.097
|
0.847
|
0.677, 1.046
|
0.948
|
0.831, 1.111
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.841
|
0.685, 1.012
|
1.287
|
1.181, 18.781
|
1.529
|
1.426, 23.945
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.771
|
0.565, 0.99
|
0.862
|
0.708, 1.058
|
1.119
|
0.95, 1.383
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.720
|
0.533, 0.99
|
0.851
|
0.675, 1.051
|
1.183
|
0.989, 1.67
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.065
|
0.857, 1.422
|
1.171
|
0.949, 1.51
|
1.100
|
0.942, 1.37
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.156
|
0.955, 1.535
|
1.066
|
0.844, 1.4
|
0.923
|
0.747, 1.111
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.116
|
0.928, 1.451
|
1.166
|
0.839, 1.651
|
1.045
|
0.761, 1.422
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.029
|
0.686, 1.429
|
1.144
|
0.953, 1.49
|
1.111
|
0.954, 1.785
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.736
|
0.389, 1.055
|
1.234
|
1.015, 1.67
|
1.675
|
1.299, 3.854
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.968
|
0.812, 1.305
|
0.954
|
0.801, 1.649
|
0.985
|
0.752, 1.591
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.914
|
0.791, 1.248
|
1.036
|
0.846, 2.029
|
1.134
|
0.863, 2.111
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.956
|
0.831, 1.332
|
0.947
|
0.451, 1.33
|
0.992
|
0.49, 1.449
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.083
|
0.867, 2.263
|
0.874
|
0.742, 1.615
|
0.808
|
0.487, 1.284
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.009
|
0.872, 1.884
|
0.798
|
0.658, 1.674
|
0.791
|
0.581, 1.631
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.919
|
0.794, 1.397
|
1.410
|
1.234, 38.451
|
1.534
|
1.316, 54.727
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.999
|
0.814, 1.199
|
0.942
|
0.822, 1.201
|
0.942
|
0.766, 1.298
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.015
|
0.886, 1.19
|
0.821
|
0.614, 1.082
|
0.809
|
0.598, 1.072
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.920
|
0.802, 1.049
|
1.723
|
1.464, 24.514
|
1.874
|
1.584, 26.485
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.807
|
0.567, 1.083
|
1.005
|
0.883, 1.202
|
1.245
|
0.96, 1.925
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.672
|
0.356, 0.86
|
1.028
|
0.864, 1.224
|
1.528
|
1.204, 3.123
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.831
|
0.661, 1.018
|
0.994
|
0.84, 1.192
|
1.196
|
0.952, 1.597
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.991
|
0.852, 1.154
|
0.756
|
0.499, 0.961
|
0.763
|
0.499, 1.008
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.917
|
0.785, 1.052
|
1.044
|
0.726, 1.749
|
1.139
|
0.785, 1.992
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.881
|
0.266, 1.128
|
0.952
|
0.835, 1.111
|
1.081
|
0.921, 5.255
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.605
|
0.117, 0.779
|
0.999
|
0.858, 1.173
|
1.652
|
1.437, 14.902
|
For all participants
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.068
|
0.93, 1.242
|
1.085
|
0.942, 1.285
|
1.016
|
0.916, 1.101
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.040
|
0.907, 1.211
|
1.125
|
0.971, 1.357
|
1.081
|
0.98, 1.191
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.061
|
0.931, 1.242
|
1.052
|
0.866, 1.304
|
0.992
|
0.835, 1.131
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.259
|
1.09, 1.536
|
1.074
|
0.912, 1.321
|
0.853
|
0.739, 0.98
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.140
|
0.997, 1.374
|
1.251
|
1.05, 1.615
|
1.098
|
0.947, 1.295
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.152
|
1.013, 1.383
|
1.206
|
0.977, 1.744
|
1.047
|
0.869, 1.385
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.001
|
0.888, 1.137
|
1.024
|
0.91, 1.174
|
1.023
|
0.949, 1.118
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.003
|
0.889, 1.131
|
1.013
|
0.901, 1.17
|
1.010
|
0.921, 1.093
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.986
|
0.873, 1.112
|
1.141
|
0.987, 1.395
|
1.157
|
1.04, 1.353
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.064
|
0.944, 1.231
|
1.004
|
0.89, 1.143
|
0.943
|
0.858, 1.034
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.996
|
0.809, 1.202
|
1.018
|
0.879, 1.176
|
1.022
|
0.894, 1.207
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.062
|
0.907, 1.217
|
1.050
|
0.928, 1.2
|
0.988
|
0.914, 1.132
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.061
|
0.934, 1.211
|
1.016
|
0.871, 1.184
|
0.958
|
0.854, 1.067
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.045
|
0.922, 1.196
|
1.062
|
0.897, 1.247
|
1.016
|
0.885, 1.151
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.053
|
0.869, 1.218
|
1.053
|
0.928, 1.207
|
1.000
|
0.915, 1.182
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.969
|
0.79, 1.172
|
1.042
|
0.905, 1.211
|
1.075
|
0.938, 1.318
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.943
|
0.813, 1.082
|
1.053
|
0.927, 1.262
|
1.117
|
0.941, 1.376
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.965
|
0.868, 1.096
|
1.069
|
0.909, 1.371
|
1.108
|
0.911, 1.461
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.974
|
0.872, 1.119
|
1.034
|
0.864, 1.367
|
1.061
|
0.863, 1.484
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.990
|
0.849, 1.27
|
0.976
|
0.852, 1.137
|
0.985
|
0.776, 1.249
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.014
|
0.902, 1.158
|
0.864
|
0.724, 1.135
|
0.852
|
0.695, 1.145
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.965
|
0.86, 1.114
|
1.008
|
0.841, 1.621
|
1.044
|
0.866, 1.619
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.936
|
0.813, 1.079
|
0.995
|
0.893, 1.118
|
1.063
|
0.9, 1.283
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.010
|
0.915, 1.119
|
0.847
|
0.714, 1.03
|
0.839
|
0.703, 1.039
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.944
|
0.849, 1.042
|
1.036
|
0.885, 1.367
|
1.097
|
0.918, 1.433
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.860
|
0.723, 1.033
|
1.022
|
0.928, 1.137
|
1.188
|
0.977, 1.484
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.916
|
0.774, 1.089
|
1.053
|
0.946, 1.179
|
1.150
|
0.957, 1.414
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.865
|
0.725, 0.986
|
0.987
|
0.889, 1.109
|
1.141
|
0.96, 1.372
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.960
|
0.872, 1.062
|
0.892
|
0.682, 1.093
|
0.929
|
0.717, 1.153
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.933
|
0.835, 1.042
|
0.962
|
0.774, 1.122
|
1.032
|
0.822, 1.248
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.868
|
0.639, 1.017
|
0.984
|
0.884, 1.098
|
1.134
|
0.958, 1.557
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.908
|
0.73, 1.055
|
0.962
|
0.849, 1.085
|
1.060
|
0.892, 1.365
|
## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
