Table 1
|
Censored
(N=2325) |
Dead + Autopsied
(N=921) |
Dead + Not Autopsied
(N=2463) |
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
295 (12.7%) |
537 (58.3%) |
1727 (70.1%) |
| Expansion |
198 (8.5%) |
210 (22.8%) |
399 (16.2%) |
| Replacement |
1832 (78.8%) |
174 (18.9%) |
337 (13.7%) |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1379 (59.3%) |
538 (58.4%) |
1397 (56.7%) |
| Male |
946 (40.7%) |
383 (41.6%) |
1066 (43.3%) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
89.4 (6.62) |
87.0 (7.15) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
87.6 [66.4, 108] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Year of Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
2010 (6.39) |
2010 (6.97) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
2010 [2000, 2020] |
2010 [1990, 2020] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
286 (12.3%) |
56 (6.1%) |
263 (10.7%) |
| White |
2032 (87.4%) |
865 (93.9%) |
2199 (89.3%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| APOE Status |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1206 (51.9%) |
639 (69.4%) |
1573 (63.9%) |
| + APOE e4 |
451 (19.4%) |
245 (26.6%) |
528 (21.4%) |
| Missing |
668 (28.7%) |
37 (4.0%) |
362 (14.7%) |
| Smoking Status |
|
|
|
| Never |
1265 (54.4%) |
416 (45.2%) |
1109 (45.0%) |
| Former |
994 (42.8%) |
452 (49.1%) |
1187 (48.2%) |
| Current |
62 (2.7%) |
51 (5.5%) |
159 (6.5%) |
| Missing |
4 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
8 (0.3%) |
| Alcohol Use |
|
|
|
| Never |
333 (14.3%) |
171 (18.6%) |
525 (21.3%) |
| Former |
383 (16.5%) |
233 (25.3%) |
704 (28.6%) |
| Current |
1434 (61.7%) |
515 (55.9%) |
1223 (49.7%) |
| Missing |
175 (7.5%) |
2 (0.2%) |
11 (0.4%) |
| exercise_cat |
|
|
|
| No |
509 (21.9%) |
273 (29.6%) |
798 (32.4%) |
| Yes |
1809 (77.8%) |
646 (70.1%) |
1661 (67.4%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
2 (0.2%) |
4 (0.2%) |
| Education |
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
69 (3.0%) |
67 (7.3%) |
323 (13.1%) |
| GED |
13 (0.6%) |
12 (1.3%) |
57 (2.3%) |
| High School |
531 (22.8%) |
371 (40.3%) |
1119 (45.4%) |
| Bachelor's |
669 (28.8%) |
230 (25.0%) |
455 (18.5%) |
| Master's |
571 (24.6%) |
121 (13.1%) |
218 (8.9%) |
| Doctorate |
197 (8.5%) |
48 (5.2%) |
93 (3.8%) |
| Other |
275 (11.8%) |
72 (7.8%) |
196 (8.0%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (0.1%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
315 (13.5%) |
261 (28.3%) |
981 (39.8%) |
| 13-16 |
884 (38.0%) |
408 (44.3%) |
1027 (41.7%) |
| 17+ |
1126 (48.4%) |
252 (27.4%) |
454 (18.4%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.745 (0.728) |
-0.705 (0.713) |
-0.658 (0.717) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.891 [-2.66, 1.97] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64] |
| Missing |
105 (4.5%) |
15 (1.6%) |
31 (1.3%) |
| exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_pm25 |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
7.25 (1.42) |
7.89 (1.81) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
6.75 [3.33, 12.4] |
7.76 [3.38, 14.4] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
15 (1.6%) |
338 (13.7%) |
| exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_no2 |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
12.5 (3.45) |
13.2 (3.89) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
12.0 [4.37, 31.2] |
12.7 [4.82, 34.7] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
15 (1.6%) |
338 (13.7%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
|
| No |
1990 (85.6%) |
642 (69.7%) |
1618 (65.7%) |
| Yes |
335 (14.4%) |
279 (30.3%) |
845 (34.3%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| No |
1136 (48.9%) |
378 (41.0%) |
928 (37.7%) |
| Yes |
1189 (51.1%) |
543 (59.0%) |
1535 (62.3%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
| No |
2091 (89.9%) |
773 (83.9%) |
2012 (81.7%) |
| Yes |
234 (10.1%) |
148 (16.1%) |
451 (18.3%) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
583 (63.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
266 (28.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
72 (7.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
425 (46.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
416 (45.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
80 (8.7%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Atherosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
250 (27.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
569 (61.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
102 (11.1%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Arteriolosclerosis |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
180 (19.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
522 (56.7%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
219 (23.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
IPW Comparison Table
|
Variable
|
Haneuse (2009)
|
Tsuang (2009)
|
Shaffer (2021)
|
Us!
|
|
Age at Baseline
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Study Cohort
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Education
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Race
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Gender
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Dementia Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Marital Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Age at Death
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Baseline CASI
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Follow-up Time
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Birth Cohort
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
APOE Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Alcohol
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Socioeconomic Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Smoking Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
BMI
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Exercise
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
IADL Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Hypertension
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Diabetes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
CVD
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Self-Rated Health
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Vitamins
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
method_final <- glm(formula = autopsy_flag ~
age_death_yrs_centered +
cohort_cat +
education_cat +
race_cat_simp +
male_cat +
dementia_cat +
marital_cat_binary +
nses_z_cx,
family = binomial, data = autopsy_dead)
Table 1 for IPW variables
|
No
(N=2125) |
Yes
(N=906) |
P-value |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
86.8 (7.21) |
89.3 (6.63) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
87.4 [66.4, 108] |
89.9 [68.9, 106] |
|
| Cohort |
|
|
|
| Original |
1431 (67.3%) |
523 (57.7%) |
<0.001 |
| Expansion |
363 (17.1%) |
209 (23.1%) |
|
| Replacement |
331 (15.6%) |
174 (19.2%) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1183 (55.7%) |
526 (58.1%) |
0.241 |
| Male |
942 (44.3%) |
380 (41.9%) |
|
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
236 (11.1%) |
55 (6.1%) |
<0.001 |
| White |
1888 (88.8%) |
851 (93.9%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.661 (0.721) |
-0.702 (0.710) |
0.158 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.788 [-2.66, 2.64] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
|
| Missing |
28 (1.3%) |
15 (1.7%) |
|
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
823 (38.7%) |
255 (28.1%) |
<0.001 |
| 13-16 |
886 (41.7%) |
402 (44.4%) |
|
| 17+ |
415 (19.5%) |
249 (27.5%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| Dementia Status |
|
|
|
| No Dementia |
1419 (66.8%) |
492 (54.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Dementia |
706 (33.2%) |
414 (45.7%) |
|
| Marital Status |
|
|
|
| Married |
1096 (51.6%) |
488 (53.9%) |
0.265 |
| Not Married |
1029 (48.4%) |
418 (46.1%) |
|
Rachel’s Weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=869) |
Weight > 3
(N=37) |
| age_on_income_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
65.4 (1.43) |
65.0 (0) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
65.0 [65.0, 77.0] |
65.0 [65.0, 65.0] |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.6 (6.55) |
82.2 (4.18) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
90.2 [68.9, 106] |
82.4 [74.4, 89.4] |
| Birth Cohort |
|
|
| 1890-1910 |
149 (17.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1915 |
205 (23.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1920 |
231 (26.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1925 |
184 (21.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1930-1950 |
100 (11.5%) |
37 (100%) |
| APOE_adjusted_no |
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
631 (72.6%) |
33 (89.2%) |
| + APOE e4 |
238 (27.4%) |
4 (10.8%) |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
523 (60.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Expansion |
209 (24.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
137 (15.8%) |
37 (100%) |
| Education |
|
|
| Less than High School |
63 (7.2%) |
2 (5.4%) |
| GED |
11 (1.3%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| High School |
348 (40.0%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Bachelor's |
217 (25.0%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| Master's |
117 (13.5%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| Doctorate |
47 (5.4%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Other |
66 (7.6%) |
6 (16.2%) |
| race_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
| Non-White |
46 (5.3%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| White |
823 (94.7%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| alcohol_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
159 (18.3%) |
5 (13.5%) |
| Former |
218 (25.1%) |
13 (35.1%) |
| Current |
492 (56.6%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| nses_z_cx_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.707 (0.707) |
-0.579 (0.638) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.798 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.598 [-1.58, 1.07] |
| smoke_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Never |
389 (44.8%) |
19 (51.4%) |
| Former |
432 (49.7%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Current |
48 (5.5%) |
3 (8.1%) |
| bmi_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| Underweight |
10 (1.2%) |
1 (2.7%) |
| Normal |
312 (35.9%) |
11 (29.7%) |
| Overweight |
370 (42.6%) |
15 (40.5%) |
| Obese |
177 (20.4%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| exercise_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| No |
255 (29.3%) |
16 (43.2%) |
| Yes |
614 (70.7%) |
21 (56.8%) |
| iadl_flag_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
0.185 (0.389) |
0.108 (0.315) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
499 (57.4%) |
27 (73.0%) |
| Male |
370 (42.6%) |
10 (27.0%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
| No |
352 (40.5%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| Yes |
517 (59.5%) |
20 (54.1%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
| No |
731 (84.1%) |
28 (75.7%) |
| Yes |
138 (15.9%) |
9 (24.3%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
| No |
602 (69.3%) |
29 (78.4%) |
| Yes |
267 (30.7%) |
8 (21.6%) |
| ratehealth_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
2.53 (0.924) |
2.86 (0.976) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
| VitaminMulti_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
408 (47.0%) |
17 (45.9%) |
| 2 |
461 (53.0%) |
20 (54.1%) |
Our weights
|
Weight <= 3
(N=903) |
Weight > 3
(N=3) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
89.3 (6.59) |
78.0 (8.77) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
89.9 [70.8, 106] |
78.6 [68.9, 86.4] |
| Cohort |
|
|
| Original |
520 (57.6%) |
3 (100%) |
| Expansion |
209 (23.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
174 (19.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
| < 13 |
252 (27.9%) |
3 (100%) |
| 13-16 |
402 (44.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| 17+ |
249 (27.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
| Non-White |
53 (5.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| White |
850 (94.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
525 (58.1%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Male |
378 (41.9%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| Dementia Status |
|
|
| No Dementia |
489 (54.2%) |
3 (100%) |
| Dementia |
414 (45.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Marital Status |
|
|
| Married |
487 (53.9%) |
1 (33.3%) |
| Not Married |
416 (46.1%) |
2 (66.7%) |
| NDI |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.704 (0.710) |
-0.160 (0.571) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.0588 [-0.775, 0.354] |
| Missing |
15 (1.7%) |
0 (0%) |
Primary Models
ath_mod1_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod3_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
smoke_cat +
exercise_cat +
alcohol_cat +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_05_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*HTN_cat_tv +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
education_cat,
data = autopsy_90l, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")
Aim 1: Vascular Pathologies
Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.008
|
0.000 – 0.494
|
0.024
|
0.052
|
0.002 – 0.995
|
0.062
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.061
|
0.941 – 1.197
|
0.330
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
1022.457
|
3.055 – 722335.287
|
0.028
|
935.526
|
2.786 – 649081.241
|
0.030
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
5.873
|
0.414 – 68.175
|
0.174
|
6.713
|
0.474 – 77.859
|
0.143
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
3430.935
|
20.085 – 1364299.051
|
0.004
|
3155.412
|
18.762 – 1217185.026
|
0.004
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.064
|
0.768 – 1.478
|
0.708
|
1.065
|
0.768 – 1.479
|
0.705
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.742
|
0.383 – 1.373
|
0.357
|
0.739
|
0.382 – 1.366
|
0.349
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.093
|
0.860 – 1.392
|
0.470
|
1.143
|
0.903 – 1.449
|
0.268
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.034
|
0.001 – 1.695
|
0.087
|
0.041
|
0.001 – 2.102
|
0.109
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
91.535
|
12.224 – 705.890
|
<0.001
|
42.750
|
9.767 – 189.964
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.531
|
0.035 – 8.166
|
0.648
|
0.264
|
0.022 – 3.224
|
0.292
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.130
|
0.788 – 1.630
|
0.509
|
1.134
|
0.791 – 1.636
|
0.497
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.862
|
0.556 – 1.342
|
0.508
|
0.901
|
0.578 – 1.411
|
0.646
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.219
|
0.673 – 2.250
|
0.519
|
1.264
|
0.697 – 2.337
|
0.446
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.115
|
0.775 – 1.604
|
0.556
|
1.124
|
0.781 – 1.618
|
0.529
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.142
|
0.725 – 1.809
|
0.568
|
1.157
|
0.732 – 1.836
|
0.534
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.947
|
0.864 – 1.040
|
0.249
|
|
Observations
|
806
|
806
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.145
|
0.145
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.796
|
0.008 – 80.317
|
0.923
|
13.703
|
0.042 – 5523.724
|
0.382
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.001
|
0.847 – 1.183
|
0.989
|
1.102
|
0.911 – 1.332
|
0.315
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.202
|
0.781 – 1.855
|
0.404
|
0.875
|
0.518 – 1.487
|
0.619
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.060 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
1.131
|
1.035 – 1.245
|
0.009
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.010
|
0.448 – 2.204
|
0.981
|
0.321
|
0.054 – 1.120
|
0.124
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.066
|
0.770 – 1.478
|
0.699
|
1.249
|
0.856 – 1.849
|
0.257
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.324
|
0.002 – 59.407
|
0.664
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.071
|
0.015
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
95.676
|
6.891 – 1410.638
|
0.001
|
35.387
|
1.085 – 1141.398
|
0.044
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.512
|
0.012 – 23.071
|
0.729
|
0.041
|
0.000 – 4.216
|
0.203
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.227
|
0.766 – 1.973
|
0.395
|
1.006
|
0.546 – 1.915
|
0.986
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.167
|
0.628 – 2.190
|
0.626
|
0.524
|
0.276 – 1.003
|
0.048
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.519
|
0.646 – 3.643
|
0.342
|
1.194
|
0.435 – 3.946
|
0.748
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.125
|
0.688 – 1.840
|
0.638
|
1.145
|
0.641 – 2.047
|
0.647
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.123
|
0.607 – 2.085
|
0.711
|
1.191
|
0.592 – 2.450
|
0.629
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
392
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.135
|
0.111
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.339
|
0.093 – 18.041
|
0.827
|
553.727
|
10.769 – 60742.865
|
0.004
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.932
|
0.819 – 1.065
|
0.294
|
0.899
|
0.778 – 1.044
|
0.153
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.218
|
0.790 – 1.882
|
0.372
|
0.848
|
0.501 – 1.444
|
0.541
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.118
|
1.063 – 1.177
|
<0.001
|
1.131
|
1.034 – 1.244
|
0.009
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.036
|
0.463 – 2.245
|
0.929
|
0.234
|
0.036 – 0.874
|
0.063
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.092
|
0.793 – 1.507
|
0.588
|
1.369
|
0.944 – 2.012
|
0.103
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.370
|
0.002 – 68.951
|
0.703
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.067
|
0.014
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
89.790
|
12.238 – 684.910
|
<0.001
|
7.080
|
0.485 – 90.439
|
0.140
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.453
|
0.015 – 15.213
|
0.653
|
0.011
|
0.000 – 0.813
|
0.062
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.224
|
0.764 – 1.969
|
0.403
|
0.984
|
0.534 – 1.876
|
0.960
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.220
|
0.653 – 2.304
|
0.536
|
0.552
|
0.289 – 1.068
|
0.074
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.547
|
0.657 – 3.721
|
0.323
|
1.313
|
0.481 – 4.330
|
0.620
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.149
|
0.701 – 1.883
|
0.581
|
1.163
|
0.650 – 2.086
|
0.610
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.162
|
0.626 – 2.165
|
0.634
|
1.265
|
0.622 – 2.635
|
0.522
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
392
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.138
|
0.106
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 2.192
|
0.080
|
0.025
|
0.000 – 11.071
|
0.225
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.139
|
0.984 – 1.319
|
0.080
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
15308.817
|
5.175 – 150547199.701
|
0.027
|
20394.327
|
7.165 – 191305371.633
|
0.022
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
3.724
|
0.182 – 62.365
|
0.376
|
3.485
|
0.170 – 58.659
|
0.402
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
18177.121
|
22.822 – 49158643.039
|
0.008
|
23000.566
|
29.206 – 60750862.745
|
0.007
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.975
|
0.674 – 1.414
|
0.893
|
0.959
|
0.664 – 1.388
|
0.822
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.336
|
0.707 – 2.453
|
0.360
|
1.386
|
0.737 – 2.531
|
0.298
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.955
|
0.737 – 1.240
|
0.730
|
1.011
|
0.784 – 1.307
|
0.932
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.017
|
0.000 – 133.724
|
0.392
|
0.170
|
0.000 – 860.573
|
0.694
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.703
|
0.017 – 20.663
|
0.843
|
0.242
|
0.008 – 5.393
|
0.389
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.718
|
0.002 – 183.181
|
0.910
|
0.715
|
0.002 – 169.755
|
0.907
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.293
|
0.862 – 1.963
|
0.220
|
1.311
|
0.876 – 1.988
|
0.194
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.119
|
0.704 – 1.805
|
0.639
|
1.119
|
0.702 – 1.812
|
0.640
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.577
|
0.322 – 1.038
|
0.065
|
0.599
|
0.336 – 1.075
|
0.084
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.010
|
0.666 – 1.528
|
0.963
|
0.984
|
0.650 – 1.488
|
0.941
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.128
|
0.677 – 1.894
|
0.646
|
1.094
|
0.656 – 1.840
|
0.732
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.989
|
0.892 – 1.101
|
0.829
|
|
Observations
|
690
|
690
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.082
|
0.077
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.026
|
0.000 – 21.352
|
0.274
|
236.537
|
0.007 – 36652890.153
|
0.340
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.173
|
0.949 – 1.458
|
0.143
|
1.171
|
0.943 – 1.450
|
0.148
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.169
|
0.707 – 1.945
|
0.544
|
0.742
|
0.419 – 1.319
|
0.306
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.078
|
1.015 – 1.147
|
0.015
|
1.056
|
0.963 – 1.164
|
0.260
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.760
|
0.305 – 1.783
|
0.538
|
2.470
|
0.971 – 5.964
|
0.049
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.046
|
0.723 – 1.518
|
0.812
|
0.914
|
0.623 – 1.352
|
0.647
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
22.653
|
0.000 – 1219190.633
|
0.573
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.752
|
0.064
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.075
|
0.015 – 65.282
|
0.973
|
0.179
|
0.000 – 127.884
|
0.638
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
49.925
|
0.045 – 42807.573
|
0.253
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 14.174
|
0.166
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.857
|
1.082 – 3.254
|
0.027
|
0.806
|
0.428 – 1.574
|
0.515
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.295
|
0.680 – 2.525
|
0.438
|
1.010
|
0.491 – 2.203
|
0.979
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.732
|
0.307 – 1.735
|
0.478
|
0.415
|
0.180 – 0.984
|
0.041
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.883
|
0.486 – 1.597
|
0.682
|
1.271
|
0.683 – 2.378
|
0.449
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.065
|
0.523 – 2.185
|
0.862
|
1.147
|
0.538 – 2.529
|
0.726
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
357
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.075
|
0.045
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.397
|
0.001 – 134.971
|
0.745
|
7457.731
|
0.352 – 815569963.277
|
0.106
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.976
|
0.847 – 1.132
|
0.742
|
0.961
|
0.810 – 1.160
|
0.663
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.173
|
0.709 – 1.953
|
0.536
|
0.714
|
0.403 – 1.269
|
0.249
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.079
|
1.016 – 1.149
|
0.015
|
1.062
|
0.969 – 1.170
|
0.213
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.838
|
0.340 – 1.945
|
0.689
|
2.303
|
0.908 – 5.531
|
0.067
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.131
|
0.790 – 1.629
|
0.504
|
0.988
|
0.673 – 1.460
|
0.953
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
329.930
|
0.008 – 11329639.963
|
0.268
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 3.214
|
0.088
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.294
|
0.006 – 12.319
|
0.518
|
0.029
|
0.000 – 14.126
|
0.311
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
45.588
|
0.047 – 40291.983
|
0.261
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 7.512
|
0.135
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.860
|
1.087 – 3.250
|
0.026
|
0.829
|
0.440 – 1.617
|
0.569
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.294
|
0.677 – 2.529
|
0.442
|
1.014
|
0.491 – 2.220
|
0.971
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.734
|
0.309 – 1.740
|
0.482
|
0.461
|
0.203 – 1.082
|
0.068
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.845
|
0.467 – 1.518
|
0.573
|
1.282
|
0.686 – 2.412
|
0.437
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.008
|
0.496 – 2.062
|
0.982
|
1.183
|
0.549 – 2.635
|
0.672
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
357
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.066
|
0.041
|
Aim 2: Vascular Damage
Microinfarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.029
|
0.001 – 1.034
|
0.056
|
0.049
|
0.003 – 0.616
|
0.026
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.005
|
0.903 – 1.119
|
0.927
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
11.603
|
0.098 – 2161.921
|
0.334
|
11.342
|
0.095 – 2128.859
|
0.339
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
7.461
|
1.085 – 50.257
|
0.039
|
7.986
|
1.156 – 54.110
|
0.033
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
19.575
|
0.423 – 1260.484
|
0.141
|
19.625
|
0.421 – 1270.612
|
0.142
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.022
|
0.765 – 1.365
|
0.883
|
1.024
|
0.767 – 1.368
|
0.873
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.079
|
0.646 – 1.809
|
0.773
|
1.066
|
0.638 – 1.788
|
0.808
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.161
|
0.941 – 1.433
|
0.165
|
1.186
|
0.964 – 1.461
|
0.108
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
12.025
|
0.343 – 478.403
|
0.177
|
13.081
|
0.372 – 517.611
|
0.163
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
5.584
|
0.900 – 35.144
|
0.066
|
4.871
|
1.309 – 18.444
|
0.019
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
2.877
|
0.256 – 33.290
|
0.394
|
2.385
|
0.262 – 23.054
|
0.445
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.786
|
0.570 – 1.080
|
0.138
|
0.784
|
0.569 – 1.077
|
0.134
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.895
|
0.608 – 1.315
|
0.571
|
0.925
|
0.626 – 1.365
|
0.693
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.877
|
0.535 – 1.437
|
0.603
|
0.899
|
0.547 – 1.473
|
0.672
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.947
|
0.686 – 1.306
|
0.739
|
0.959
|
0.695 – 1.323
|
0.799
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.997
|
0.665 – 1.493
|
0.987
|
1.021
|
0.681 – 1.533
|
0.918
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.948
|
0.870 – 1.031
|
0.214
|
|
Observations
|
827
|
827
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.044
|
0.046
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.038
|
0.001 – 2.611
|
0.131
|
0.384
|
0.002 – 64.042
|
0.716
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.103
|
0.948 – 1.285
|
0.205
|
0.881
|
0.744 – 1.036
|
0.131
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.151
|
0.770 – 1.722
|
0.493
|
0.831
|
0.541 – 1.276
|
0.398
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.084
|
1.036 – 1.137
|
0.001
|
1.037
|
0.970 – 1.110
|
0.284
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.974
|
0.482 – 1.993
|
0.941
|
1.161
|
0.518 – 2.594
|
0.715
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.261
|
0.930 – 1.715
|
0.137
|
1.009
|
0.752 – 1.356
|
0.953
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
19.503
|
0.228 – 1922.747
|
0.196
|
987.911
|
1.418 – 2276534.740
|
0.060
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
4.430
|
0.380 – 53.133
|
0.237
|
15.102
|
0.712 – 347.536
|
0.084
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
9.107
|
0.325 – 259.972
|
0.194
|
9.424
|
0.150 – 998.645
|
0.317
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.890
|
0.573 – 1.375
|
0.601
|
0.692
|
0.419 – 1.141
|
0.149
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.926
|
0.514 – 1.660
|
0.796
|
0.908
|
0.534 – 1.555
|
0.723
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.178
|
0.538 – 2.567
|
0.680
|
0.726
|
0.362 – 1.447
|
0.363
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.945
|
0.597 – 1.497
|
0.810
|
0.929
|
0.586 – 1.472
|
0.755
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.880
|
0.492 – 1.569
|
0.665
|
1.176
|
0.658 – 2.116
|
0.585
|
|
Observations
|
427
|
400
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.044
|
0.053
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.620
|
0.054 – 6.788
|
0.698
|
0.032
|
0.001 – 0.893
|
0.064
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.939
|
0.826 – 1.063
|
0.325
|
0.961
|
0.848 – 1.085
|
0.518
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.180
|
0.790 – 1.766
|
0.419
|
0.827
|
0.538 – 1.270
|
0.386
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.086
|
1.036 – 1.139
|
0.001
|
1.037
|
0.970 – 1.109
|
0.294
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.050
|
0.522 – 2.138
|
0.892
|
1.210
|
0.541 – 2.697
|
0.640
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.346
|
0.997 – 1.826
|
0.054
|
0.976
|
0.730 – 1.305
|
0.867
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
22.644
|
0.248 – 2436.852
|
0.182
|
450.051
|
0.948 – 693118.202
|
0.076
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.428
|
0.235 – 8.752
|
0.699
|
63.764
|
7.033 – 736.705
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
3.069
|
0.151 – 65.654
|
0.468
|
18.450
|
0.441 – 1588.829
|
0.162
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.897
|
0.578 – 1.385
|
0.625
|
0.683
|
0.414 – 1.125
|
0.134
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.962
|
0.531 – 1.733
|
0.896
|
0.934
|
0.548 – 1.603
|
0.803
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.182
|
0.540 – 2.578
|
0.674
|
0.690
|
0.346 – 1.368
|
0.288
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.946
|
0.598 – 1.498
|
0.812
|
0.959
|
0.605 – 1.519
|
0.858
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.879
|
0.491 – 1.569
|
0.663
|
1.231
|
0.686 – 2.224
|
0.488
|
|
Observations
|
427
|
400
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.042
|
0.050
|
Gross infarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.030
|
0.000 – 2.977
|
0.146
|
0.081
|
0.002 – 2.336
|
0.175
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.027
|
0.900 – 1.172
|
0.690
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
8.571
|
0.019 – 9000.714
|
0.516
|
9.243
|
0.020 – 9804.098
|
0.502
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
33.818
|
3.271 – 394.695
|
0.004
|
34.585
|
3.342 – 403.972
|
0.004
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
5.374
|
0.046 – 942.303
|
0.501
|
5.799
|
0.050 – 1023.060
|
0.482
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.952
|
0.676 – 1.339
|
0.779
|
0.951
|
0.675 – 1.338
|
0.774
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.703
|
0.935 – 3.247
|
0.092
|
1.690
|
0.926 – 3.227
|
0.098
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.068
|
0.838 – 1.360
|
0.593
|
1.097
|
0.863 – 1.395
|
0.447
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 0.285
|
0.010
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 0.329
|
0.012
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
26.109
|
2.492 – 297.442
|
0.007
|
17.209
|
3.419 – 97.085
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.503
|
0.027 – 10.499
|
0.649
|
0.344
|
0.024 – 5.985
|
0.444
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.878
|
0.599 – 1.276
|
0.498
|
0.875
|
0.597 – 1.272
|
0.488
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.869
|
0.556 – 1.344
|
0.533
|
0.894
|
0.570 – 1.389
|
0.622
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.955
|
0.562 – 1.619
|
0.866
|
0.979
|
0.575 – 1.660
|
0.938
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.147
|
0.784 – 1.681
|
0.481
|
1.161
|
0.793 – 1.704
|
0.444
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.966
|
0.601 – 1.543
|
0.884
|
0.983
|
0.612 – 1.573
|
0.944
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.949
|
0.856 – 1.047
|
0.307
|
|
Observations
|
835
|
835
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.126
|
0.127
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.443
|
0.002 – 118.770
|
0.775
|
0.018
|
0.000 – 5.539
|
0.184
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.015
|
0.831 – 1.237
|
0.880
|
1.069
|
0.892 – 1.286
|
0.471
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.192
|
0.717 – 1.981
|
0.497
|
0.803
|
0.506 – 1.268
|
0.348
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.097
|
1.031 – 1.172
|
0.005
|
0.989
|
0.921 – 1.061
|
0.761
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.794
|
0.760 – 4.724
|
0.205
|
1.743
|
0.733 – 4.455
|
0.222
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.134
|
0.775 – 1.659
|
0.514
|
0.976
|
0.714 – 1.331
|
0.880
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.005
|
0.000 – 2.432
|
0.081
|
0.036
|
0.000 – 262.771
|
0.377
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
13.465
|
0.527 – 380.568
|
0.120
|
448.671
|
10.559 – 34472.495
|
0.003
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.444
|
0.007 – 30.578
|
0.704
|
6.105
|
0.083 – 1741.776
|
0.455
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.910
|
0.522 – 1.558
|
0.735
|
0.809
|
0.464 – 1.390
|
0.446
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.779
|
0.365 – 1.590
|
0.503
|
1.025
|
0.592 – 1.765
|
0.929
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.959
|
0.395 – 2.286
|
0.925
|
1.037
|
0.521 – 2.066
|
0.917
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.298
|
0.720 – 2.367
|
0.389
|
1.013
|
0.619 – 1.659
|
0.958
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.170
|
0.566 – 2.401
|
0.670
|
0.782
|
0.417 – 1.453
|
0.439
|
|
Observations
|
431
|
404
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.097
|
0.126
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.045
|
0.040 – 21.927
|
0.978
|
0.142
|
0.001 – 4.966
|
0.352
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.936
|
0.798 – 1.083
|
0.394
|
0.956
|
0.830 – 1.096
|
0.525
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.216
|
0.731 – 2.026
|
0.451
|
0.785
|
0.493 – 1.242
|
0.302
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.100
|
1.033 – 1.176
|
0.004
|
0.992
|
0.924 – 1.064
|
0.826
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.813
|
0.772 – 4.755
|
0.195
|
1.677
|
0.703 – 4.295
|
0.257
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.168
|
0.802 – 1.703
|
0.416
|
1.013
|
0.744 – 1.378
|
0.934
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.006
|
0.000 – 2.861
|
0.091
|
0.039
|
0.000 – 304.757
|
0.392
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
10.596
|
1.182 – 105.294
|
0.038
|
156.472
|
10.780 – 5827.000
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.336
|
0.008 – 16.778
|
0.573
|
2.727
|
0.054 – 736.124
|
0.664
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.899
|
0.514 – 1.542
|
0.703
|
0.811
|
0.466 – 1.394
|
0.452
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.809
|
0.378 – 1.662
|
0.572
|
1.036
|
0.596 – 1.792
|
0.899
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.971
|
0.399 – 2.321
|
0.948
|
1.094
|
0.552 – 2.173
|
0.797
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.311
|
0.728 – 2.391
|
0.370
|
1.024
|
0.624 – 1.683
|
0.924
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.197
|
0.580 – 2.457
|
0.625
|
0.796
|
0.423 – 1.485
|
0.475
|
|
Observations
|
431
|
404
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.098
|
0.125
|
Aim 3: Modifying effect of established risk factors
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.154
|
0.001 – 20.020
|
0.451
|
1.446
|
0.067 – 30.250
|
0.812
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.046
|
0.873 – 1.252
|
0.622
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
6.056
|
0.457 – 82.779
|
0.173
|
0.609
|
0.082 – 4.225
|
0.619
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.113
|
1.058 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
1.119
|
1.063 – 1.180
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.289
|
0.830 – 2.011
|
0.259
|
1.299
|
0.835 – 2.028
|
0.247
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.142
|
0.507 – 2.502
|
0.743
|
1.087
|
0.485 – 2.368
|
0.835
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.996
|
0.714 – 1.390
|
0.983
|
1.029
|
0.741 – 1.429
|
0.866
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.399
|
0.002 – 79.967
|
0.728
|
0.350
|
0.002 – 74.153
|
0.695
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
109.365
|
7.615 – 1671.195
|
0.001
|
101.572
|
13.321 – 808.550
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.597
|
0.013 – 28.786
|
0.793
|
0.402
|
0.012 – 14.609
|
0.614
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.258
|
0.778 – 2.045
|
0.351
|
1.240
|
0.766 – 2.016
|
0.384
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.078
|
0.575 – 2.038
|
0.815
|
1.132
|
0.599 – 2.160
|
0.703
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.869
|
0.765 – 4.710
|
0.176
|
1.771
|
0.734 – 4.382
|
0.208
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.119
|
0.680 – 1.841
|
0.658
|
1.108
|
0.670 – 1.830
|
0.689
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.054
|
0.560 – 1.988
|
0.870
|
1.056
|
0.558 – 2.002
|
0.868
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.949
|
0.829 – 1.085
|
0.440
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.859
|
0.696 – 1.050
|
0.141
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.190
|
0.921 – 1.555
|
0.191
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
414
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.166
|
0.168
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.230
|
0.011 – 133.930
|
0.931
|
1.512
|
0.099 – 21.516
|
0.762
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.984
|
0.829 – 1.165
|
0.850
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.122
|
0.008 – 2.001
|
0.137
|
0.486
|
0.055 – 4.121
|
0.509
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.060 – 1.172
|
<0.001
|
1.117
|
1.063 – 1.177
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.213
|
0.782 – 1.887
|
0.389
|
1.238
|
0.798 – 1.927
|
0.341
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.969
|
0.426 – 2.132
|
0.939
|
1.040
|
0.464 – 2.261
|
0.922
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.076
|
0.775 – 1.495
|
0.663
|
1.100
|
0.798 – 1.519
|
0.560
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.273
|
0.002 – 52.679
|
0.621
|
0.396
|
0.003 – 75.791
|
0.724
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
111.948
|
7.888 – 1694.905
|
0.001
|
91.687
|
12.441 – 703.037
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.575
|
0.013 – 26.859
|
0.777
|
0.496
|
0.016 – 17.110
|
0.693
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.201
|
0.748 – 1.935
|
0.450
|
1.233
|
0.769 – 1.984
|
0.386
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.121
|
0.601 – 2.111
|
0.721
|
1.193
|
0.637 – 2.259
|
0.583
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.411
|
0.597 – 3.401
|
0.436
|
1.494
|
0.631 – 3.610
|
0.365
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.117
|
0.682 – 1.827
|
0.660
|
1.154
|
0.704 – 1.891
|
0.570
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.103
|
0.594 – 2.052
|
0.756
|
1.142
|
0.614 – 2.130
|
0.675
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.108
|
0.959 – 1.279
|
0.162
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.916
|
0.790 – 1.066
|
0.249
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.083
|
0.818 – 1.447
|
0.582
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
414
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.139
|
0.139
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.714
|
0.007 – 73.480
|
0.886
|
1.558
|
0.103 – 21.952
|
0.745
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.004
|
0.849 – 1.187
|
0.959
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
1.810
|
0.054 – 80.799
|
0.749
|
0.559
|
0.051 – 5.076
|
0.613
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.114
|
1.060 – 1.173
|
<0.001
|
1.116
|
1.062 – 1.176
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.194
|
0.775 – 1.846
|
0.422
|
1.199
|
0.777 – 1.857
|
0.413
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.009
|
0.447 – 2.204
|
0.983
|
1.062
|
0.473 – 2.310
|
0.881
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.058
|
0.763 – 1.470
|
0.734
|
1.084
|
0.786 – 1.498
|
0.622
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.361
|
0.002 – 70.532
|
0.698
|
0.368
|
0.002 – 69.268
|
0.702
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
87.628
|
6.138 – 1326.545
|
0.001
|
82.103
|
10.963 – 639.235
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.552
|
0.012 – 25.108
|
0.759
|
0.459
|
0.015 – 15.469
|
0.659
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.237
|
0.771 – 1.991
|
0.379
|
1.229
|
0.766 – 1.980
|
0.393
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.163
|
0.626 – 2.182
|
0.635
|
1.234
|
0.659 – 2.335
|
0.514
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.512
|
0.643 – 3.627
|
0.348
|
1.516
|
0.643 – 3.650
|
0.346
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.124
|
0.687 – 1.839
|
0.640
|
1.152
|
0.703 – 1.890
|
0.573
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.130
|
0.610 – 2.099
|
0.697
|
1.154
|
0.621 – 2.154
|
0.651
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
0.975
|
0.798 – 1.175
|
0.799
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.909
|
0.782 – 1.058
|
0.211
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.103
|
0.826 – 1.522
|
0.520
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
414
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.135
|
0.140
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 2.248
|
0.078
|
0.429
|
0.001 – 186.528
|
0.776
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.303
|
1.027 – 1.671
|
0.032
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
28.128
|
1.220 – 696.552
|
0.039
|
0.946
|
0.120 – 7.522
|
0.957
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.070
|
1.006 – 1.139
|
0.033
|
1.079
|
1.015 – 1.149
|
0.017
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.186
|
0.714 – 1.983
|
0.512
|
1.181
|
0.713 – 1.968
|
0.521
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.803
|
0.319 – 1.909
|
0.627
|
0.841
|
0.338 – 1.964
|
0.696
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.032
|
0.710 – 1.505
|
0.868
|
1.116
|
0.778 – 1.609
|
0.553
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
83.164
|
0.001 – 4915812.969
|
0.427
|
290.162
|
0.007 – 10421435.675
|
0.281
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.232
|
0.018 – 76.737
|
0.921
|
0.276
|
0.006 – 11.670
|
0.499
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
107.385
|
0.094 – 100226.723
|
0.176
|
41.360
|
0.041 – 37742.062
|
0.276
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.896
|
1.097 – 3.350
|
0.024
|
1.857
|
1.083 – 3.250
|
0.027
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.306
|
0.679 – 2.572
|
0.430
|
1.259
|
0.655 – 2.474
|
0.495
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.802
|
0.332 – 1.934
|
0.621
|
0.751
|
0.315 – 1.786
|
0.516
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.877
|
0.481 – 1.592
|
0.667
|
0.841
|
0.464 – 1.512
|
0.564
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.067
|
0.520 – 2.204
|
0.859
|
0.981
|
0.480 – 2.014
|
0.957
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.838
|
0.701 – 0.997
|
0.048
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.962
|
0.773 – 1.209
|
0.728
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.033
|
0.781 – 1.363
|
0.818
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
333
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.086
|
0.068
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.060
|
0.000 – 54.508
|
0.408
|
0.411
|
0.001 – 145.818
|
0.756
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.159
|
0.934 – 1.444
|
0.182
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.224
|
0.006 – 8.207
|
0.418
|
6.805
|
0.696 – 71.073
|
0.100
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.085
|
1.021 – 1.155
|
0.010
|
1.087
|
1.022 – 1.159
|
0.009
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.058
|
0.632 – 1.779
|
0.829
|
1.113
|
0.662 – 1.880
|
0.686
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.809
|
0.323 – 1.905
|
0.636
|
0.887
|
0.358 – 2.070
|
0.787
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
0.990
|
0.680 – 1.443
|
0.958
|
1.082
|
0.750 – 1.566
|
0.674
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
3.931
|
0.000 – 243785.518
|
0.807
|
120.485
|
0.003 – 4336544.902
|
0.364
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.803
|
0.011 – 49.836
|
0.917
|
0.215
|
0.004 – 9.122
|
0.420
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
18.474
|
0.016 – 16551.322
|
0.397
|
20.357
|
0.019 – 18912.401
|
0.380
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.755
|
1.012 – 3.102
|
0.048
|
1.846
|
1.070 – 3.249
|
0.030
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.381
|
0.716 – 2.727
|
0.343
|
1.432
|
0.739 – 2.848
|
0.295
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.783
|
0.326 – 1.877
|
0.583
|
0.834
|
0.345 – 2.017
|
0.686
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.914
|
0.500 – 1.663
|
0.768
|
0.875
|
0.481 – 1.584
|
0.660
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.134
|
0.551 – 2.354
|
0.733
|
1.099
|
0.534 – 2.283
|
0.798
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.119
|
0.915 – 1.378
|
0.279
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.021
|
0.868 – 1.217
|
0.808
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
0.822
|
0.604 – 1.115
|
0.205
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
333
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.088
|
0.082
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.020
|
0.000 – 17.916
|
0.249
|
0.353
|
0.001 – 124.256
|
0.717
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.179
|
0.953 – 1.467
|
0.132
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
0.233
|
0.003 – 16.518
|
0.506
|
0.935
|
0.079 – 9.482
|
0.955
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.076
|
1.013 – 1.145
|
0.019
|
1.079
|
1.015 – 1.149
|
0.016
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.140
|
0.687 – 1.901
|
0.614
|
1.156
|
0.697 – 1.929
|
0.576
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.772
|
0.309 – 1.818
|
0.564
|
0.853
|
0.344 – 1.988
|
0.719
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.030
|
0.709 – 1.500
|
0.878
|
1.123
|
0.783 – 1.619
|
0.531
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
17.658
|
0.000 – 1194513.159
|
0.611
|
437.715
|
0.010 – 16535620.643
|
0.248
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.454
|
0.019 – 98.531
|
0.861
|
0.298
|
0.006 – 12.679
|
0.524
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
54.960
|
0.046 – 53137.200
|
0.248
|
54.668
|
0.056 – 51172.106
|
0.241
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
1.843
|
1.070 – 3.241
|
0.030
|
1.880
|
1.096 – 3.290
|
0.024
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.310
|
0.687 – 2.556
|
0.419
|
1.303
|
0.680 – 2.554
|
0.431
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.717
|
0.301 – 1.701
|
0.450
|
0.730
|
0.306 – 1.732
|
0.474
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.901
|
0.495 – 1.632
|
0.731
|
0.855
|
0.472 – 1.541
|
0.604
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.114
|
0.544 – 2.300
|
0.769
|
1.026
|
0.501 – 2.116
|
0.943
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
1.097
|
0.865 – 1.403
|
0.451
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.965
|
0.819 – 1.146
|
0.674
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.033
|
0.763 – 1.441
|
0.837
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
333
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.079
|
0.067
|
Aim 4: Modifying effect of vascular pathologies
Outcome = Microinfarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.003
|
0.000 – 0.351
|
0.018
|
1.171
|
0.069 – 19.407
|
0.912
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.223
|
1.030 – 1.458
|
0.023
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
4.798
|
0.345 – 73.117
|
0.249
|
0.500
|
0.076 – 3.143
|
0.462
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.071
|
1.020 – 1.125
|
0.006
|
1.074
|
1.023 – 1.130
|
0.005
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.220
|
0.804 – 1.854
|
0.350
|
1.228
|
0.810 – 1.865
|
0.334
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.831
|
0.391 – 1.775
|
0.629
|
0.966
|
0.460 – 2.042
|
0.928
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.277
|
0.931 – 1.757
|
0.130
|
1.415
|
1.037 – 1.942
|
0.030
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
30.896
|
0.219 – 4976.009
|
0.178
|
19.094
|
0.147 – 3052.259
|
0.243
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
5.641
|
0.404 – 81.451
|
0.200
|
0.847
|
0.114 – 6.316
|
0.871
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
24.201
|
0.575 – 1064.878
|
0.096
|
2.966
|
0.101 – 93.432
|
0.531
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.941
|
0.595 – 1.482
|
0.795
|
0.961
|
0.609 – 1.511
|
0.864
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.901
|
0.494 – 1.634
|
0.731
|
0.903
|
0.492 – 1.647
|
0.739
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.254
|
0.558 – 2.809
|
0.582
|
1.181
|
0.529 – 2.625
|
0.682
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
0.870
|
0.542 – 1.398
|
0.565
|
0.841
|
0.523 – 1.350
|
0.472
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
0.845
|
0.465 – 1.530
|
0.579
|
0.837
|
0.461 – 1.514
|
0.557
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.944
|
0.822 – 1.082
|
0.413
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.865
|
0.705 – 1.048
|
0.147
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.172
|
0.917 – 1.510
|
0.209
|
|
Observations
|
410
|
410
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.063
|
0.053
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.120
|
0.020
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 1.155
|
0.078
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.224
|
0.973 – 1.546
|
0.085
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.818
|
0.033 – 21.306
|
0.903
|
1.228
|
0.146 – 10.140
|
0.848
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.079
|
1.014 – 1.150
|
0.018
|
1.076
|
1.011 – 1.147
|
0.023
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.953
|
0.578 – 1.567
|
0.849
|
0.967
|
0.588 – 1.589
|
0.894
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
0.873
|
0.381 – 2.032
|
0.749
|
0.993
|
0.438 – 2.288
|
0.986
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.268
|
0.880 – 1.832
|
0.203
|
1.398
|
0.977 – 2.011
|
0.068
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
17820.481
|
0.009 – 397553226398.027
|
0.216
|
4543764.217
|
3.895 – 70838288618214.484
|
0.048
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
261.928
|
1.605 – 108208.322
|
0.047
|
65.758
|
0.435 – 28525.760
|
0.138
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
2440.662
|
0.362 – 81350966.991
|
0.108
|
6483.241
|
0.806 – 269850825.896
|
0.079
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.970
|
0.570 – 1.645
|
0.909
|
0.993
|
0.587 – 1.677
|
0.980
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.900
|
0.477 – 1.696
|
0.745
|
0.863
|
0.457 – 1.624
|
0.648
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.308
|
0.557 – 3.067
|
0.536
|
1.285
|
0.549 – 3.004
|
0.562
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.003
|
0.559 – 1.808
|
0.992
|
0.929
|
0.522 – 1.658
|
0.804
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.302
|
0.642 – 2.664
|
0.466
|
1.156
|
0.576 – 2.333
|
0.684
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.058
|
0.884 – 1.265
|
0.537
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.946
|
0.733 – 1.210
|
0.657
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.091
|
0.823 – 1.460
|
0.544
|
|
Observations
|
330
|
330
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.087
|
0.078
|
Outcome = Gross infarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.387
|
0.001 – 211.882
|
0.768
|
2.116
|
0.047 – 92.002
|
0.696
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.033
|
0.823 – 1.293
|
0.776
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.232
|
0.058 – 29.108
|
0.895
|
0.773
|
0.065 – 7.863
|
0.832
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.076
|
1.007 – 1.152
|
0.033
|
1.079
|
1.009 – 1.157
|
0.028
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.153
|
0.681 – 1.950
|
0.595
|
1.149
|
0.676 – 1.951
|
0.606
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.687
|
0.676 – 4.755
|
0.288
|
1.751
|
0.708 – 4.897
|
0.251
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.085
|
0.732 – 1.606
|
0.682
|
1.125
|
0.762 – 1.659
|
0.552
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 0.957
|
0.043
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 1.087
|
0.045
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
12.464
|
0.384 – 442.812
|
0.159
|
6.728
|
0.589 – 83.497
|
0.130
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.224
|
0.002 – 24.366
|
0.528
|
0.151
|
0.002 – 11.175
|
0.376
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.864
|
0.485 – 1.507
|
0.612
|
0.871
|
0.487 – 1.525
|
0.634
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.783
|
0.365 – 1.611
|
0.517
|
0.787
|
0.364 – 1.633
|
0.529
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.822
|
0.329 – 2.007
|
0.670
|
0.815
|
0.325 – 1.996
|
0.658
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.247
|
0.681 – 2.307
|
0.477
|
1.220
|
0.666 – 2.256
|
0.522
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.147
|
0.545 – 2.394
|
0.716
|
1.132
|
0.538 – 2.359
|
0.741
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.025
|
0.865 – 1.211
|
0.769
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.883
|
0.644 – 1.144
|
0.388
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.138
|
0.833 – 1.614
|
0.438
|
|
Observations
|
414
|
414
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.103
|
0.104
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.012
|
0.000 – 266.527
|
0.454
|
0.004
|
0.000 – 29.530
|
0.325
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.945
|
0.705 – 1.251
|
0.696
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
2.531
|
0.053 – 113.615
|
0.633
|
4.387
|
0.352 – 49.194
|
0.236
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.089
|
1.009 – 1.180
|
0.031
|
1.092
|
1.011 – 1.184
|
0.028
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.190
|
0.672 – 2.107
|
0.550
|
1.194
|
0.672 – 2.124
|
0.544
|
race cat simp adjusted
[White]
|
1.593
|
0.626 – 4.533
|
0.350
|
1.558
|
0.615 – 4.429
|
0.373
|
|
nses z cx adjusted
|
1.129
|
0.743 – 1.714
|
0.567
|
1.117
|
0.738 – 1.690
|
0.598
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
39.542
|
0.000 – 395589420063.281
|
0.716
|
18.401
|
0.000 – 64603763276.021
|
0.761
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
167.613
|
0.288 – 1526215.509
|
0.190
|
298.465
|
0.818 – 2511218.071
|
0.133
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
39.266
|
0.002 – 79085867.622
|
0.561
|
42.056
|
0.002 – 74688196.567
|
0.548
|
|
APOE adjusted no+ APOE e4
|
0.783
|
0.421 – 1.422
|
0.429
|
0.763
|
0.408 – 1.393
|
0.386
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.746
|
0.342 – 1.566
|
0.449
|
0.785
|
0.359 – 1.653
|
0.533
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.976
|
0.380 – 2.459
|
0.959
|
1.019
|
0.395 – 2.580
|
0.969
|
|
education_cat_adjusted13-16
|
1.217
|
0.618 – 2.429
|
0.573
|
1.252
|
0.638 – 2.494
|
0.516
|
education cat adjusted
[17+]
|
1.291
|
0.582 – 2.878
|
0.529
|
1.358
|
0.614 – 3.014
|
0.449
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.986
|
0.793 – 1.240
|
0.904
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.017
|
0.735 – 1.345
|
0.910
|
exp avgdeath 05 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
0.892
|
0.645 – 1.273
|
0.505
|
|
Observations
|
333
|
333
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.099
|
0.101
|
Summarizing All Results
Tables to Summarize Aim 1 and Aim 2 Results
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.001
|
0.848, 1.183
|
1.102
|
0.912, 1.331
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.173
|
0.947, 1.453
|
1.171
|
0.945, 1.451
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.103
|
0.948, 1.283
|
0.881
|
0.747, 1.039
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.015
|
0.833, 1.238
|
1.069
|
0.891, 1.283
|
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.932
|
0.818, 1.063
|
0.899
|
0.777, 1.04
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.976
|
0.845, 1.127
|
0.961
|
0.805, 1.148
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.939
|
0.829, 1.064
|
0.961
|
0.85, 1.085
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
0.936
|
0.805, 1.089
|
0.956
|
0.833, 1.098
|
Tables to Summarize Aim 3 and Aim 4 Results
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.046
|
0.874, 1.253
|
0.991
|
0.82, 1.197
|
0.949
|
0.83, 1.084
|
|
CVD
|
0.984
|
0.83, 1.165
|
1.103
|
0.893, 1.361
|
1.108
|
0.96, 1.279
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.004
|
0.85, 1.187
|
0.993
|
0.773, 1.276
|
0.975
|
0.805, 1.182
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.303
|
1.023, 1.661
|
1.096
|
0.871, 1.379
|
0.838
|
0.703, 0.999
|
|
CVD
|
1.159
|
0.933, 1.44
|
1.284
|
0.963, 1.712
|
1.119
|
0.913, 1.372
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.179
|
0.951, 1.462
|
1.272
|
0.909, 1.778
|
1.097
|
0.863, 1.394
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.223
|
1.028, 1.454
|
1.095
|
0.912, 1.316
|
0.944
|
0.824, 1.083
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.224
|
0.972, 1.542
|
1.278
|
1.001, 1.633
|
1.058
|
0.885, 1.265
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.091
|
0.929, 1.282
|
1.085
|
0.914, 1.288
|
1.034
|
0.918, 1.165
|
|
CVD
|
1.087
|
0.932, 1.267
|
1.145
|
0.943, 1.39
|
1.082
|
0.95, 1.232
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.096
|
0.942, 1.276
|
1.130
|
0.906, 1.41
|
1.113
|
0.947, 1.31
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.033
|
0.825, 1.294
|
0.980
|
0.769, 1.249
|
1.025
|
0.867, 1.212
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.945
|
0.71, 1.256
|
0.924
|
0.697, 1.226
|
0.986
|
0.79, 1.232
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.055
|
0.855, 1.302
|
0.918
|
0.731, 1.154
|
0.935
|
0.803, 1.087
|
|
CVD
|
1.023
|
0.838, 1.247
|
0.889
|
0.682, 1.16
|
0.956
|
0.808, 1.132
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.012
|
0.828, 1.235
|
0.863
|
0.635, 1.172
|
0.936
|
0.757, 1.157
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.859
|
0.702, 1.052
|
1.014
|
0.846, 1.216
|
1.190
|
0.917, 1.544
|
|
CVD
|
0.916
|
0.79, 1.063
|
0.989
|
0.765, 1.278
|
1.083
|
0.816, 1.436
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.909
|
0.783, 1.056
|
1.014
|
0.776, 1.326
|
1.103
|
0.819, 1.485
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.011
|
0.861, 1.186
|
0.763
|
0.596, 0.976
|
0.764
|
0.576, 1.015
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.962
|
0.772, 1.199
|
0.997
|
0.83, 1.198
|
1.033
|
0.784, 1.361
|
|
CVD
|
1.021
|
0.864, 1.206
|
0.830
|
0.636, 1.084
|
0.822
|
0.608, 1.113
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.965
|
0.818, 1.139
|
0.993
|
0.754, 1.308
|
1.033
|
0.756, 1.413
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.076
|
0.895, 1.294
|
0.789
|
0.616, 1.009
|
0.750
|
0.557, 1.009
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.865
|
0.711, 1.052
|
1.004
|
0.852, 1.183
|
1.172
|
0.915, 1.501
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.946
|
0.74, 1.209
|
1.018
|
0.865, 1.198
|
1.091
|
0.823, 1.448
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.883
|
0.725, 1.075
|
0.965
|
0.824, 1.129
|
1.109
|
0.872, 1.411
|
|
CVD
|
0.983
|
0.854, 1.131
|
0.811
|
0.635, 1.038
|
0.833
|
0.637, 1.089
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.949
|
0.822, 1.095
|
0.874
|
0.685, 1.114
|
0.946
|
0.721, 1.242
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.988
|
0.854, 1.144
|
0.816
|
0.649, 1.024
|
0.845
|
0.652, 1.095
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.883
|
0.665, 1.172
|
0.991
|
0.826, 1.19
|
1.138
|
0.821, 1.578
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.017
|
0.757, 1.368
|
0.896
|
0.741, 1.083
|
0.892
|
0.638, 1.248
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.937
|
0.735, 1.194
|
0.918
|
0.759, 1.111
|
1.009
|
0.753, 1.351
|
|
CVD
|
0.942
|
0.794, 1.118
|
0.890
|
0.662, 1.196
|
0.978
|
0.71, 1.347
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.951
|
0.799, 1.132
|
0.832
|
0.615, 1.127
|
0.908
|
0.648, 1.273
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.937
|
0.779, 1.126
|
0.884
|
0.675, 1.158
|
0.985
|
0.724, 1.34
|
Comparing results using different weights
Aims 1 and 2
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.001
|
0.844, 1.187
|
1.001
|
0.848, 1.183
|
1.014
|
0.857, 1.199
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.270
|
1.029, 1.566
|
1.173
|
0.947, 1.453
|
1.254
|
1.014, 1.551
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.107
|
0.949, 1.292
|
1.103
|
0.948, 1.283
|
1.109
|
0.954, 1.289
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
0.984
|
0.812, 1.192
|
1.015
|
0.833, 1.238
|
0.984
|
0.811, 1.192
|
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.152
|
0.945, 1.405
|
1.102
|
0.912, 1.331
|
1.126
|
0.933, 1.359
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.136
|
0.915, 1.411
|
1.171
|
0.945, 1.451
|
1.223
|
0.99, 1.51
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.872
|
0.737, 1.032
|
0.881
|
0.747, 1.039
|
0.875
|
0.744, 1.028
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.057
|
0.882, 1.265
|
1.069
|
0.891, 1.283
|
1.056
|
0.884, 1.261
|
Aims 3 and 4
|
|
No weights
|
Our weights
|
Rachel’s weights
|
|
Modifier
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.968
|
0.848, 1.106
|
0.949
|
0.83, 1.084
|
0.985
|
0.86, 1.128
|
|
CVD
|
1.072
|
0.926, 1.241
|
1.108
|
0.96, 1.279
|
1.118
|
0.969, 1.29
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.999
|
0.829, 1.203
|
0.975
|
0.805, 1.182
|
0.978
|
0.802, 1.192
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.877
|
0.739, 1.04
|
0.838
|
0.703, 0.999
|
0.874
|
0.735, 1.039
|
|
CVD
|
1.079
|
0.879, 1.326
|
1.119
|
0.913, 1.372
|
1.104
|
0.907, 1.343
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.169
|
0.927, 1.475
|
1.097
|
0.863, 1.394
|
1.134
|
0.9, 1.43
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.936
|
0.818, 1.071
|
0.944
|
0.824, 1.083
|
0.927
|
0.807, 1.064
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.026
|
0.868, 1.213
|
1.058
|
0.885, 1.265
|
1.050
|
0.881, 1.25
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.042
|
0.926, 1.173
|
1.034
|
0.918, 1.165
|
1.061
|
0.942, 1.195
|
|
CVD
|
1.078
|
0.945, 1.229
|
1.082
|
0.95, 1.232
|
1.085
|
0.954, 1.235
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.123
|
0.953, 1.322
|
1.113
|
0.947, 1.31
|
1.127
|
0.952, 1.334
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.038
|
0.881, 1.223
|
1.025
|
0.867, 1.212
|
1.041
|
0.884, 1.226
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.977
|
0.793, 1.204
|
0.986
|
0.79, 1.232
|
0.958
|
0.77, 1.191
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.938
|
0.807, 1.09
|
0.935
|
0.803, 1.087
|
0.935
|
0.806, 1.085
|
|
CVD
|
0.976
|
0.827, 1.152
|
0.956
|
0.808, 1.132
|
0.973
|
0.827, 1.145
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.947
|
0.774, 1.158
|
0.936
|
0.757, 1.157
|
0.924
|
0.747, 1.144
|
Bootstrapped Results
Aims 1 and 2
Unstratified Results: PM2.5
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.883
|
0.841, 0.936
|
|
Model 2
|
1.061
|
0.931, 1.24
|
|
Model 3
|
1.072
|
0.932, 1.253
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.007
|
0.952, 1.088
|
|
Model 2
|
1.139
|
0.987, 1.355
|
|
Model 3
|
1.145
|
0.99, 1.371
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.010
|
0.963, 1.059
|
|
Model 2
|
1.005
|
0.895, 1.14
|
|
Model 3
|
1.004
|
0.893, 1.142
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.826
|
0.771, 0.869
|
|
Model 2
|
1.027
|
0.897, 1.191
|
|
Model 3
|
1.034
|
0.901, 1.2
|
Unstratified Results: NO2
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.893
|
0.823, 0.98
|
|
Model 2
|
0.947
|
0.86, 1.067
|
|
Model 3
|
0.951
|
0.865, 1.075
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.976
|
0.893, 1.097
|
|
Model 2
|
0.989
|
0.89, 1.113
|
|
Model 3
|
0.989
|
0.89, 1.12
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.978
|
0.904, 1.064
|
|
Model 2
|
0.948
|
0.854, 1.044
|
|
Model 3
|
0.954
|
0.858, 1.055
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.826
|
0.746, 0.909
|
|
Model 2
|
0.949
|
0.867, 1.034
|
|
Model 3
|
0.943
|
0.858, 1.033
|
PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.869
|
0.806, 0.93
|
0.899
|
0.834, 0.979
|
|
Model 2
|
1.001
|
0.842, 1.245
|
1.102
|
0.907, 1.418
|
|
Model 3
|
1.017
|
0.843, 1.271
|
1.113
|
0.909, 1.437
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.061
|
0.98, 1.159
|
0.939
|
0.849, 1.06
|
|
Model 2
|
1.173
|
0.957, 1.53
|
1.171
|
0.927, 1.515
|
|
Model 3
|
1.200
|
0.974, 1.6
|
1.183
|
0.94, 1.563
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.037
|
0.977, 1.105
|
0.958
|
0.894, 1.021
|
|
Model 2
|
1.103
|
0.943, 1.352
|
0.881
|
0.741, 1.05
|
|
Model 3
|
1.101
|
0.941, 1.355
|
0.875
|
0.724, 1.04
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.853
|
0.774, 0.924
|
0.787
|
0.708, 0.844
|
|
Model 2
|
1.015
|
0.814, 1.279
|
1.069
|
0.897, 1.364
|
|
Model 3
|
1.043
|
0.847, 1.326
|
1.064
|
0.893, 1.389
|
NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.895
|
0.786, 1.006
|
0.875
|
0.792, 1.029
|
|
Model 2
|
0.932
|
0.818, 1.073
|
0.899
|
0.792, 1.24
|
|
Model 3
|
0.942
|
0.83, 1.106
|
0.895
|
0.781, 1.235
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.999
|
0.88, 1.173
|
0.931
|
0.812, 1.155
|
|
Model 2
|
0.976
|
0.836, 1.167
|
0.961
|
0.822, 1.484
|
|
Model 3
|
0.982
|
0.834, 1.183
|
0.954
|
0.792, 1.422
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.977
|
0.852, 1.087
|
0.959
|
0.87, 1.095
|
|
Model 2
|
0.939
|
0.788, 1.059
|
0.961
|
0.851, 1.119
|
|
Model 3
|
0.941
|
0.786, 1.082
|
0.960
|
0.847, 1.124
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.837
|
0.706, 0.955
|
0.809
|
0.676, 0.912
|
|
Model 2
|
0.936
|
0.807, 1.048
|
0.956
|
0.831, 1.115
|
|
Model 3
|
0.939
|
0.799, 1.053
|
0.945
|
0.817, 1.103
|
Co-pollutant model results
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
All participants
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.092
|
0.943, 1.276
|
0.873
|
0.733, 1.1
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.158
|
0.979, 1.374
|
0.927
|
0.766, 1.152
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.029
|
0.919, 1.177
|
0.895
|
0.736, 1.068
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.057
|
0.913, 1.241
|
0.886
|
0.744, 1.047
|
|
< 90
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.026
|
0.85, 1.278
|
0.871
|
0.69, 1.191
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.196
|
0.965, 1.561
|
0.906
|
0.68, 1.262
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.136
|
0.973, 1.39
|
0.847
|
0.606, 1.077
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.045
|
0.831, 1.324
|
0.871
|
0.671, 1.119
|
|
90 +
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.173
|
0.961, 1.472
|
0.764
|
0.593, 1.359
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.215
|
0.961, 1.615
|
0.846
|
0.625, 1.964
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
0.884
|
0.739, 1.07
|
0.984
|
0.781, 1.358
|
|
Gross infarcts
|
1.106
|
0.915, 1.432
|
0.876
|
0.662, 1.17
|
Aims 3 and 4
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.046
|
0.929, 1.246
|
0.993
|
0.936, 1.296
|
0.949
|
0.911, 1.127
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.984
|
0.905, 1.221
|
1.090
|
0.982, 1.383
|
1.108
|
1.003, 1.255
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.004
|
0.932, 1.249
|
0.980
|
0.841, 1.25
|
0.975
|
0.806, 1.124
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.303
|
1.077, 1.512
|
1.092
|
0.913, 1.298
|
0.838
|
0.744, 0.987
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.159
|
0.968, 1.327
|
1.297
|
1.015, 1.625
|
1.119
|
0.934, 1.344
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.179
|
0.984, 1.363
|
1.293
|
1.058, 1.92
|
1.097
|
0.967, 1.52
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.091
|
0.873, 1.14
|
1.128
|
0.909, 1.176
|
1.034
|
0.94, 1.134
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.087
|
0.887, 1.135
|
1.175
|
0.891, 1.209
|
1.082
|
0.918, 1.139
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.096
|
0.884, 1.132
|
1.220
|
0.983, 1.413
|
1.113
|
1.025, 1.363
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.223
|
0.926, 1.233
|
1.155
|
0.89, 1.16
|
0.944
|
0.851, 1.064
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.224
|
0.833, 1.175
|
1.295
|
0.909, 1.251
|
1.058
|
0.918, 1.226
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.055
|
0.866, 1.218
|
0.986
|
0.89, 1.19
|
0.935
|
0.904, 1.17
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.023
|
0.903, 1.209
|
0.978
|
0.819, 1.144
|
0.956
|
0.814, 1.051
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.012
|
0.89, 1.185
|
0.947
|
0.867, 1.278
|
0.936
|
0.868, 1.176
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.033
|
0.853, 1.246
|
1.059
|
0.906, 1.234
|
1.025
|
0.91, 1.215
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.945
|
0.764, 1.223
|
0.932
|
0.92, 1.274
|
0.986
|
0.92, 1.381
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.859
|
0.806, 1.049
|
1.022
|
0.894, 1.232
|
1.190
|
0.936, 1.387
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.916
|
0.835, 1.066
|
0.992
|
0.864, 1.323
|
1.083
|
0.904, 1.419
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.909
|
0.849, 1.07
|
1.002
|
0.83, 1.426
|
1.103
|
0.857, 1.48
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.962
|
0.877, 1.305
|
0.993
|
0.854, 1.144
|
1.033
|
0.758, 1.247
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.021
|
0.922, 1.212
|
0.839
|
0.694, 1.141
|
0.822
|
0.637, 1.114
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.965
|
0.866, 1.105
|
0.997
|
0.856, 1.806
|
1.033
|
0.863, 1.856
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.883
|
0.815, 1.063
|
0.979
|
0.849, 1.091
|
1.109
|
0.88, 1.263
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.983
|
0.883, 1.097
|
0.819
|
0.707, 1.004
|
0.833
|
0.703, 1.028
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.949
|
0.836, 1.036
|
0.898
|
0.836, 1.355
|
0.946
|
0.884, 1.47
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.865
|
0.723, 1.027
|
1.014
|
0.901, 1.127
|
1.172
|
0.978, 1.437
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.946
|
0.746, 1.06
|
1.032
|
0.916, 1.163
|
1.091
|
0.97, 1.436
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.937
|
0.751, 1.046
|
0.945
|
0.889, 1.101
|
1.009
|
0.932, 1.387
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.942
|
0.894, 1.093
|
0.922
|
0.665, 0.992
|
0.978
|
0.667, 1.04
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.951
|
0.846, 1.029
|
0.864
|
0.799, 1.183
|
0.908
|
0.855, 1.313
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.883
|
0.71, 1.055
|
1.005
|
0.901, 1.102
|
1.138
|
0.932, 1.48
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.017
|
0.702, 1.048
|
0.908
|
0.862, 1.074
|
0.892
|
0.906, 1.414
|