Summary tables

Quantiative summary

Overview of all programs evaluated, and their performance with respect to the Classical Test Theory criteria.

n
Item-level analyses
Questionnaire-level analyses
Program Sample Missingness Floor and ceiling Single item endorsement Skewness Inter-item correlations Cronbach’s alpha Test-retest n Test-retest r
Critical thinking 583 100 100 10 100 100 0.797 289 0.56
Critical thinking (6pt) 131 100 100 100 100 0 0.913 0 0
Resilience 89 100 100 9.1 63.6 0 0.915 38 0.39
Social competence 171 100 100 12.5 100 0 0.899 74 0.71
Social competence (6pt) 60 100 100 87.5 100 0 0.898 0 0
Grit 120 100 100 33.3 100 22.2 0.905 20 0.58
Leadership 266 100 100 15 100 15 0.94 117 0.46
Leadership (6pt) 192 100 100 100 100 25 0.926 46 0.79
Self-esteem 307 100 100 40 100 0 0.965 105 0.32
Self-esteem (6pt) 33 90 100 30 100 0 0.93 0 0
Ready for work 60 100 100 0 100 77.8 0.748 0 0
Ready for work (6pt) 18 100 100 44.4 100 0 0.787 0 0
Grisilience 137 100 100 65 100 0 0.946 0 0
Grisilience V2 61 100 100 70 100 60 0.809 0 0
Belonging 64 100 100 10 100 50 0.832 0 0
Self-regulation 59 100 100 100 100 0 0.914 0 0

Qualitative summary - Program level

Qualitative summary of all programs evaluated, and their performance with respect to the Classical Test Theory criteria.

Program Interpretation
Critical thinking Large sample, well-performing metric overall, notwithstanding single-item endorsement. Critical Thinking could perhaps be used as a model for questionnaire set-up with respect to inter-item correlations (i.e., the questions do not draw overly similar responses, although the scale itself is internally consistent.
Critical thinking (6pt) The sample size here is moderate, though the greatest improvement can be seen in the reduction or improved spread with respect to single-item endorsement
Resilience Modest sample with high inter-item correlations (i.e., individual items in this questionnaire draw similar responses. Only outcome that does not meet CTT skewness requirements for all questions. Limited sample for interpretation of test-retest reliability.
Social competence This outcome also does not meet CTT criteria for inter-item correlations, suggesting that the individual items in this questionnaire draw similar responses. Multiple individual questions also fail to meet CTT criteria for single-item endorsement (i.e., no single response should be selected with more than 50% frequency.
Social competence (6pt) Modest sample, but the available data suggest this version performs better than the 4pt version with respect to single-item endorsement, although there is no impact on inter-item correlations.
Grit Similar to other outcomes, the metric does not meet CTT criteria for single-item endorsement or inter-item correlations. The sample for the test-retest reliability is also limited, suggesting caution in interpreting the results for said test.
Leadership Even with a larger sample, this outcome also fails to meet CTT criteria for single-item endorsement and inter-item correlations. As well, even with a modest sample for test-retest reliability, the correlation does not meet CTT criteria (r > 0.50), suggesting that the baseline and follow-up responses are not highly correlated.
Leadership (6pt) The 6pt version improves single-item endorsement issues present in the 4pt version. Inter-item correlations remain higher than recommended by CTT.
Self-esteem Concerns with single-item endorsement and inter-item correlations still persist. The test-retest reliability correlation is below the CTT threshold of r>0.5, suggesting that baseline and follow-up responses are not highly correlated.
Self-esteem (6pt) The sample size limits insight, but the 6pt version does not seem to perform better than the 4pt version with respect to single-item endorsement.
Ready for work The sample size for this outcome measure is modest, though it performs well with respect to inter-item correlations (suggesting it may be worth reviewing this outcome to see why its individual question responses are not highly correlated).
Ready for work (6pt) Data are limited for this outcome, with greater inter-item correlations in this version of the questionnaire (likely owing to a limited sample size)
Grisilience This performs well with respect to single-item endorsement and most other CTT metrics, other than single-item endorsement.
Grisilience V2 The sample size is modest, but the V2 scale performs better with respect to inter-item correlations, suggesting that individual question responses are not as highly correlated as in V1.
Belonging The sample size here too is modest, but the questionnaire performs similarly to the others, with respect to the areas in which there are minimal concerns (e.g., missingness) and those where improvement can be made (e.g., single-item endorsement, inter-item correlations)
Self-regulation The sample size for this outcome measure is modest. It drives good spread across response levels (i.e., there is no “binning” with >50% of responses in one category). There is considerable inter-item correlation, suggesting some questions may be overlapping.

Qualitative summary - Metric level

Overview of all CTT metrics evaluated.

Metric CTT criteria Questionnaires meeting CTT criteria Interpretation
Missingness <10% missingness for any given response, to ensure minimal non-response bias. 93.8 Satisfied for >90% of outcome measures, systemic missingness is not an issue.
Floor-and-ceiling-effects <80% of any given response should be at the zero or maximum value, to avoid floor-and-ceiling effects. 100.0 Satisfied for all outcome measures.
Single-item endorsement Any given response should be endorsed with <50% frequency to ensure selection bias is limited. 37.5 Two-thirds of questionnaires do not meet single-item endorsement requirements, suggesting that data are often binned into one response level.
Skewness Skewness for any item should be limited to <|2| to limit non-normality. 93.8 Satisfied for >90% of outcome measures, suggesting that skewness is not a primary concern.
Inter-item correlations r<0.50 for any given item, to ensure limited redundancy and adequate variance between items on a questionnaire. 18.8 Three-quarters of questionnaires do not meet inter-item correlation requirements, suggesting redundancy among individual items that comprise an outcome measure.
Cronbachs alpha r>0.70 to ensure that the items that comprise a questionnaire have internal consistency. 100.0 Satisfied for all outcome measures.
Test-retest reliability r>0.50 between repeat administrations, to ensure the test is reliable for repeated measures. 57.1 Nearly half of outcome measures do not meet test-retest requirements, suggesting caution in administering certain outcomes repeatedly.

Critical Thinking

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Critical Thinking questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.00%
Q2 0.17%
Q3 0.17%
Q4 0.17%
Q5 0.00%
Q6 0.00%
Q7 0.34%
Q8 0.00%
Q9 0.17%
Q10 0.00% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q2     1
##        Q3     1
##        Q4     1
##        Q7     2
##        Q9     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I think of possible results before I take action
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 18 3.09 3.09
2 47 8.06 11.15
3 392 67.24 78.39
4 126 21.61 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I develop my ideas by gathering information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 16 2.75 2.75
2 32 5.50 8.25
3 360 61.86 70.10
4 174 29.90 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I identify options when facing a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 1.89 1.89
2 67 11.51 13.40
3 350 60.14 73.54
4 154 26.46 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 39 6.70 6.70
2 108 18.56 25.26
3 301 51.72 76.98
4 134 23.02 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am able to give my reasons for an opinion
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 17 2.92 2.92
2 49 8.40 11.32
3 337 57.80 69.13
4 180 30.87 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 20 3.43 3.43
2 45 7.72 11.15
3 342 58.66 69.81
4 176 30.19 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I back my decisions with information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 2.24 2.24
2 70 12.05 14.29
3 359 61.79 76.08
4 139 23.92 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 15 2.57 2.57
2 65 11.15 13.72
3 290 49.74 63.46
4 213 36.54 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 19 3.26 3.26
2 148 25.43 28.69
3 311 53.44 82.13
4 104 17.87 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I make sure the information I use is correct
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 12 2.06 2.06
2 39 6.69 8.75
3 343 58.83 67.58
4 189 32.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 9/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I think of possible results before I take action
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 18 3.09 3.09
2 47 8.06 11.15
3 392 67.24 78.39
4 126 21.61 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I develop my ideas by gathering information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 16 2.75 2.75
2 32 5.50 8.25
3 360 61.86 70.10
4 174 29.90 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I identify options when facing a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 1.89 1.89
2 67 11.51 13.40
3 350 60.14 73.54
4 154 26.46 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 39 6.70 6.70
2 108 18.56 25.26
3 301 51.72 76.98
4 134 23.02 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am able to give my reasons for an opinion
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 17 2.92 2.92
2 49 8.40 11.32
3 337 57.80 69.13
4 180 30.87 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 20 3.43 3.43
2 45 7.72 11.15
3 342 58.66 69.81
4 176 30.19 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I back my decisions with information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 2.24 2.24
2 70 12.05 14.29
3 359 61.79 76.08
4 139 23.92 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 15 2.57 2.57
2 65 11.15 13.72
3 290 49.74 63.46
4 213 36.54 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 19 3.26 3.26
2 148 25.43 28.69
3 311 53.44 82.13
4 104 17.87 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I make sure the information I use is correct
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 12 2.06 2.06
2 39 6.69 8.75
3 343 58.83 67.58
4 189 32.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 583 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I think of possible results before I take action -0.762
I develop my ideas by gathering information -0.805
I identify options when facing a problem -0.514
I can easily express my thoughts on a problem -0.557
I am able to give reasons for my opinions -0.759
It is important for me to get information to support my opinions -0.823
I back my decisions with information -0.538
I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong -0.727
I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem -0.26
I make sure the information I use is correct -0.696

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: No Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I think of possible results before I take action I develop my ideas by gathering information I identify options when facing a problem I can easily express my thoughts on a problem I am able to give reasons for my opinions It is important for me to get information to support my opinions I back my decisions with information I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem I make sure the information I use is correct
I think of possible results before I take action 1.000 0.319 0.322 0.207 0.226 0.254 0.306 0.247 0.292 0.317
I develop my ideas by gathering information 0.319 1.000 0.328 0.206 0.256 0.282 0.301 0.190 0.301 0.302
I identify options when facing a problem 0.322 0.328 1.000 0.192 0.184 0.270 0.314 0.253 0.301 0.265
I can easily express my thoughts on a problem 0.207 0.206 0.192 1.000 0.359 0.261 0.249 0.185 0.315 0.237
I am able to give reasons for my opinions 0.226 0.256 0.184 0.359 1.000 0.343 0.273 0.174 0.193 0.258
It is important for me to get information to support my opinions 0.254 0.282 0.270 0.261 0.343 1.000 0.260 0.158 0.174 0.277
I back my decisions with information 0.306 0.301 0.314 0.249 0.273 0.260 1.000 0.207 0.268 0.302
I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong 0.247 0.190 0.253 0.185 0.174 0.158 0.207 1.000 0.343 0.237
I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem 0.292 0.301 0.301 0.315 0.193 0.174 0.268 0.343 1.000 0.300
I make sure the information I use is correct 0.317 0.302 0.265 0.237 0.258 0.277 0.302 0.237 0.300 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: No Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I think of possible results before I take action
  • Q2 = I develop my ideas by gathering information
  • Q3 = I identify options when facing a problem
  • Q4 = I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
  • Q5 = I am able to give reasons for my opinions
  • Q6 = It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
  • Q7 = I back my decisions with information
  • Q8 = I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
  • Q9 = I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
  • Q10 = I make sure the information I use is correct

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 583
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.797

Factor analysis

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##    0.00    0.00    0.00   19.31    1.00  303.00
## Warning: package 'RcmdrMisc' was built under R version 4.2.3
## Loading required package: car
## Warning: package 'car' was built under R version 4.2.3
## Loading required package: carData
## 
## Attaching package: 'car'
## The following object is masked from 'package:psych':
## 
##     logit
## The following object is masked from 'package:psychTools':
## 
##     recode
## The following object is masked from 'package:likert':
## 
##     recode
## The following object is masked from 'package:expss':
## 
##     recode
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     recode
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     some
## Loading required package: sandwich
## Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'Hmisc':
##   method                 from 
##   [.labelled             expss
##   print.labelled         expss
##   as.data.frame.labelled expss
## 
## Attaching package: 'RcmdrMisc'
## The following object is masked from 'package:psych':
## 
##     reliability

## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  3  and the number of components =  NA
## 
## Call:
## factanal(x = ct.efa, factors = ct.nfacs, rotation = "promax")
## 
## Uniquenesses:
##      ct1.possible.results         ct2.develop.ideas      ct3.identify.options 
##                      0.60                      0.56                      0.61 
##      ct4.express.thoughts      ct5.reasons.opinions   ct6.information.support 
##                      0.53                      0.50                      0.65 
## ct7.decisions.information           ct8.right.wrong        ct9.handle.problem 
##                      0.61                      0.75                      0.24 
##  ct10.correct.information 
##                      0.67 
## 
## Loadings:
##                           Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## ct1.possible.results       0.65                  
## ct2.develop.ideas          0.67                  
## ct3.identify.options       0.65                  
## ct4.express.thoughts               0.66          
## ct5.reasons.opinions               0.72          
## ct9.handle.problem                         0.80  
## ct6.information.support    0.33    0.44          
## ct7.decisions.information  0.50                  
## ct8.right.wrong                            0.37  
## ct10.correct.information   0.49                  
## 
##                Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## SS loadings       1.98    1.20    0.92
## Proportion Var    0.20    0.12    0.09
## Cumulative Var    0.20    0.32    0.41
## 
## Factor Correlations:
##         Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## Factor1    1.00    0.55   -0.53
## Factor2    0.55    1.00   -0.41
## Factor3   -0.53   -0.41    1.00
## 
## Test of the hypothesis that 3 factors are sufficient.
## The chi square statistic is 15.4 on 18 degrees of freedom.
## The p-value is 0.634

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(ct.trt), time = "Time", select = c("ct1.possible.results", 
##     "ct2.develop.ideas", "ct3.identify.options", "ct4.express.thoughts", 
##     "ct5.reasons.opinions", "ct6.information.support", "ct7.decisions.information", 
##     "ct8.right.wrong", "ct9.handle.problem", "ct10.correct.information"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  289  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.59
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r  S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.76   0.77 0.79 0.25 3.31 0.13  0.58  0.97  0.02
## Time 2   0.84   0.84 0.84 0.35 5.45 0.06  0.79  0.99  0.00
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.29
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.18
## with standard deviation of  0.37 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.65
## R1F  =  0.78 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.87 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0.59 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.59 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.10    0.20
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.01    0.01
## ID x time        0.04    0.09
## ID x items       0.04    0.09
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.29    0.60
## Total            0.48    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Critical Thinking (6-pont)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Critical Thinking questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.00%
Q2 0.76%
Q3 0.00%
Q4 0.00%
Q5 0.76%
Q6 0.76%
Q7 0.00%
Q8 0.00%
Q9 0.00%
Q10 0.76% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q2     1
##        Q5     1
##        Q6     1
##       Q10     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I think of possible results before I take action
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.05 3.05
2 15 11.45 14.50
3 3 2.29 16.79
4 41 31.30 48.09
5 36 27.48 75.57
6 32 24.43 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I develop my ideas by gathering information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.85 3.85
2 9 6.92 10.77
3 3 2.31 13.08
4 44 33.85 46.92
5 38 29.23 76.15
6 31 23.85 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I identify options when facing a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.05 3.05
2 8 6.11 9.16
3 2 1.53 10.69
4 46 35.11 45.80
5 39 29.77 75.57
6 32 24.43 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 5.34 5.34
2 10 7.63 12.98
3 7 5.34 18.32
4 34 25.95 44.27
5 40 30.53 74.81
6 33 25.19 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am able to give my reasons for an opinion
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.08 3.08
2 10 7.69 10.77
3 6 4.62 15.38
4 32 24.62 40.00
5 38 29.23 69.23
6 40 30.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.08 3.08
2 10 7.69 10.77
3 3 2.31 13.08
4 47 36.15 49.23
5 32 24.62 73.85
6 34 26.15 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I back my decisions with information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 4.58 4.58
2 10 7.63 12.21
3 5 3.82 16.03
4 38 29.01 45.04
5 35 26.72 71.76
6 37 28.24 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.82 3.82
2 13 9.92 13.74
3 2 1.53 15.27
4 37 28.24 43.51
5 33 25.19 68.70
6 41 31.30 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.82 3.82
2 9 6.87 10.69
3 3 2.29 12.98
4 42 32.06 45.04
5 48 36.64 81.68
6 24 18.32 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I make sure the information I use is correct
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.85 3.85
2 7 5.38 9.23
3 2 1.54 10.77
4 44 33.85 44.62
5 32 24.62 69.23
6 40 30.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 0/10 items.

Table 4a: I think of possible results before I take action
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.05 3.05
2 15 11.45 14.50
3 3 2.29 16.79
4 41 31.30 48.09
5 36 27.48 75.57
6 32 24.43 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I develop my ideas by gathering information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.85 3.85
2 9 6.92 10.77
3 3 2.31 13.08
4 44 33.85 46.92
5 38 29.23 76.15
6 31 23.85 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I identify options when facing a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.05 3.05
2 8 6.11 9.16
3 2 1.53 10.69
4 46 35.11 45.80
5 39 29.77 75.57
6 32 24.43 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 5.34 5.34
2 10 7.63 12.98
3 7 5.34 18.32
4 34 25.95 44.27
5 40 30.53 74.81
6 33 25.19 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am able to give my reasons for an opinion
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.08 3.08
2 10 7.69 10.77
3 6 4.62 15.38
4 32 24.62 40.00
5 38 29.23 69.23
6 40 30.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.08 3.08
2 10 7.69 10.77
3 3 2.31 13.08
4 47 36.15 49.23
5 32 24.62 73.85
6 34 26.15 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I back my decisions with information
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 4.58 4.58
2 10 7.63 12.21
3 5 3.82 16.03
4 38 29.01 45.04
5 35 26.72 71.76
6 37 28.24 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.82 3.82
2 13 9.92 13.74
3 2 1.53 15.27
4 37 28.24 43.51
5 33 25.19 68.70
6 41 31.30 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.82 3.82
2 9 6.87 10.69
3 3 2.29 12.98
4 42 32.06 45.04
5 48 36.64 81.68
6 24 18.32 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I make sure the information I use is correct
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 3.85 3.85
2 7 5.38 9.23
3 2 1.54 10.77
4 44 33.85 44.62
5 32 24.62 69.23
6 40 30.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 131 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I think of possible results before I take action -0.773
I develop my ideas by gathering information -0.93
I identify options when facing a problem -0.956
I can easily express my thoughts on a problem -0.903
I am able to give reasons for my opinions -0.951
It is important for me to get information to support my opinions -0.817
I back my decisions with information -0.901
I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong -0.905
I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem -1.04
I make sure the information I use is correct -0.992

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: No Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I think of possible results before I take action I develop my ideas by gathering information I identify options when facing a problem I can easily express my thoughts on a problem I am able to give reasons for my opinions It is important for me to get information to support my opinions I back my decisions with information I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem I make sure the information I use is correct
I think of possible results before I take action 1.000 0.566 0.571 0.466 0.479 0.519 0.488 0.547 0.554 0.612
I develop my ideas by gathering information 0.566 1.000 0.584 0.495 0.598 0.625 0.547 0.514 0.508 0.684
I identify options when facing a problem 0.571 0.584 1.000 0.501 0.537 0.520 0.516 0.558 0.580 0.566
I can easily express my thoughts on a problem 0.466 0.495 0.501 1.000 0.602 0.535 0.618 0.549 0.455 0.510
I am able to give reasons for my opinions 0.479 0.598 0.537 0.602 1.000 0.684 0.652 0.523 0.495 0.554
It is important for me to get information to support my opinions 0.519 0.625 0.520 0.535 0.684 1.000 0.669 0.594 0.472 0.660
I back my decisions with information 0.488 0.547 0.516 0.618 0.652 0.669 1.000 0.592 0.466 0.590
I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong 0.547 0.514 0.558 0.549 0.523 0.594 0.592 1.000 0.480 0.613
I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem 0.554 0.508 0.580 0.455 0.495 0.472 0.466 0.480 1.000 0.562
I make sure the information I use is correct 0.612 0.684 0.566 0.510 0.554 0.660 0.590 0.613 0.562 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: No Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I think of possible results before I take action
  • Q2 = I develop my ideas by gathering information
  • Q3 = I identify options when facing a problem
  • Q4 = I can easily express my thoughts on a problem
  • Q5 = I am able to give reasons for my opinions
  • Q6 = It is important for me to get information to support my opinions
  • Q7 = I back my decisions with information
  • Q8 = I can easily tell if what I did was right or wrong
  • Q9 = I am able to tell the best way of handling a problem
  • Q10 = I make sure the information I use is correct

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 131
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.913

Test-retest reliability

Resilience

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Resilience questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.0%
Q2 0.0%
Q3 1.1%
Q4 1.1%
Q5 0.0%
Q6 1.1%
Q7 0.0%
Q8 0.0%
Q9 1.1%
Q10 1.1%
Q11 0.0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q3     1
##        Q4     1
##        Q6     1
##        Q9     1
##       Q10     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have people to look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 7 7.87 10.11
3 32 35.96 46.07
4 48 53.93 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: Education is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
3 23 25.84 28.09
4 64 71.91 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: My family know a lot about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 4.55 4.55
2 2 2.27 6.82
3 22 25.00 31.82
4 60 68.18 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I try to finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.27 2.27
2 4 4.55 6.82
3 37 42.05 48.86
4 45 51.14 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I solve problems without harming myself or others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 4 4.49 6.74
3 44 49.44 56.18
4 39 43.82 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I know where to go in my community to get help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 5 5.68 6.82
3 47 53.41 60.23
4 35 39.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: My family will stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.12 1.12
2 2 2.25 3.37
3 18 20.22 23.60
4 68 76.40 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: My friends stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 3.37 3.37
2 3 3.37 6.74
3 35 39.33 46.07
4 48 53.93 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I am treated fairly in my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 4 4.55 5.68
3 36 40.91 46.59
4 47 53.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 2 2.27 3.41
3 36 40.91 44.32
4 49 55.68 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 1 1.12 3.37
3 21 23.60 26.97
4 65 73.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 10/11 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 7 7.87 10.11
3 32 35.96 46.07
4 48 53.93 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: Education is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
3 23 25.84 28.09
4 64 71.91 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: My family know a lot about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 4.55 4.55
2 2 2.27 6.82
3 22 25.00 31.82
4 60 68.18 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I try to finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.27 2.27
2 4 4.55 6.82
3 37 42.05 48.86
4 45 51.14 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I solve problems without harming myself or others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 4 4.49 6.74
3 44 49.44 56.18
4 39 43.82 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I know where to go in my community to get help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 5 5.68 6.82
3 47 53.41 60.23
4 35 39.77 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: My family will stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.12 1.12
2 2 2.25 3.37
3 18 20.22 23.60
4 68 76.40 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: My friends stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 3.37 3.37
2 3 3.37 6.74
3 35 39.33 46.07
4 48 53.93 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I am treated fairly in my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 4 4.55 5.68
3 36 40.91 46.59
4 47 53.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.14 1.14
2 2 2.27 3.41
3 36 40.91 44.32
4 49 55.68 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00
Table 4k: I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 2.25 2.25
2 1 1.12 3.37
3 21 23.60 26.97
4 65 73.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 89 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: 3 items exceed a skewness of |2|, suggesting the data for those items are negative or left-skewed (data are concentrated to the “right side”).

Question Skewness
I have people I look up to -1.171
Education is important to me -2.293
My family know a lot about me -2.006
I try to finish what I start -1.189
I solve problems without harming myself or others -0.991
I know where to go in my community to get help -0.647
My family will stand by me during difficult times -2.26
My friends stand by me during difficult times -1.421
I am treated fairly in my community -1.05
I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life -1.132
I enjoy my cultural and family traditions -2.288

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Many Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50, suggesting a high association between items.

I have people I look up to Education is important to me My family know a lot about me I try to finish what I start I solve problems without harming myself or others I know where to go in my community to get help My family will stand by me during difficult times My friends stand by me during difficult times I am treated fairly in my community I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
I have people I look up to 1.000 0.477 0.513 0.368 0.413 0.511 0.505 0.351 0.506 0.513 0.419
Education is important to me 0.477 1.000 0.438 0.476 0.498 0.561 0.629 0.435 0.595 0.605 0.502
My family know a lot about me 0.513 0.438 1.000 0.376 0.380 0.441 0.516 0.495 0.488 0.506 0.312
I try to finish what I start 0.368 0.476 0.376 1.000 0.427 0.591 0.503 0.474 0.487 0.511 0.380
I solve problems without harming myself or others 0.413 0.498 0.380 0.427 1.000 0.475 0.527 0.424 0.490 0.486 0.466
I know where to go in my community to get help 0.511 0.561 0.441 0.591 0.475 1.000 0.638 0.479 0.643 0.676 0.474
My family will stand by me during difficult times 0.505 0.629 0.516 0.503 0.527 0.638 1.000 0.493 0.639 0.661 0.644
My friends stand by me during difficult times 0.351 0.435 0.495 0.474 0.424 0.479 0.493 1.000 0.473 0.503 0.347
I am treated fairly in my community 0.506 0.595 0.488 0.487 0.490 0.643 0.639 0.473 1.000 0.706 0.456
I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life 0.513 0.605 0.506 0.511 0.486 0.676 0.661 0.503 0.706 1.000 0.527
I enjoy my cultural and family traditions 0.419 0.502 0.312 0.380 0.466 0.474 0.644 0.347 0.456 0.527 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Many Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50, suggesting a high association between items.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have people I look up to
  • Q2 = Education is important to me
  • Q3 = My family know a lot about me
  • Q4 = I try to finish what I start
  • Q5 = I solve problems without harming myself or others
  • Q6 = I know where to go in my community to get help
  • Q7 = My family will stand by me during difficult times
  • Q8 = My friends stand by me during difficult times
  • Q9 = I am treated fairly in my community
  • Q10 = I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
  • Q11 = I enjoy my cultural and family traditions

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 11
Sample Units 88
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.915

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(res.trt), time = "Time", select = c("res1.look.up", 
##     "res2.education", "res3.family.knows", "res4.finish.start", 
##     "res5.solve.problems", "res6.community.help", "res7.family.standby", 
##     "res9.treat.fair", "res10.develop.skill", "res11.tradition.enjoy"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  38  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.39
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r  S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.85   0.86 0.89 0.39 6.31 0.05  0.77  0.94  0.02
## Time 2   0.91   0.90 0.94 0.49 9.44 0.01  0.79  0.83  0.05
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.29
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.37
## with standard deviation of  0.3 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.57
## R1F  =  0.82 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.9 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0.38 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.86 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.07    0.17
## Time             0.00    0.01
## Items            0.02    0.06
## ID x time        0.11    0.25
## ID x items       0.04    0.09
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.17    0.41
## Total            0.42    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Social Competence

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Social Competence questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.00%
Q2 0.00%
Q3 0.00%
Q4 0.00%
Q5 0.58%
Q6 0.58%
Q7 0.58%
Q8 0.58% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q5     1
##        Q6     1
##        Q7     1
##        Q8     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I avoid making others look bad
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 3.51 3.51
2 6 3.51 7.02
3 72 42.11 49.12
4 87 50.88 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.92 2.92
2 8 4.68 7.60
3 84 49.12 56.73
4 74 43.27 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: When I work in groups, I do my fair share
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.75 1.75
3 87 50.88 52.63
4 81 47.37 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I get along well with people of different backgrounds
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.92 2.92
3 74 43.27 46.20
4 92 53.80 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I listen to other perople’s ideas
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.35 2.35
2 1 0.59 2.94
3 91 53.53 56.47
4 74 43.53 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 5.29 5.29
2 8 4.71 10.00
3 99 58.24 68.24
4 54 31.76 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.35 2.35
2 7 4.12 6.47
3 99 58.24 64.71
4 60 35.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.76 1.76
2 4 2.35 4.12
3 95 55.88 60.00
4 68 40.00 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 7/8 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I avoid making others look bad
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 3.51 3.51
2 6 3.51 7.02
3 72 42.11 49.12
4 87 50.88 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.92 2.92
2 8 4.68 7.60
3 84 49.12 56.73
4 74 43.27 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: When I work in groups, I do my fair share
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.75 1.75
3 87 50.88 52.63
4 81 47.37 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I get along well with people of different backgrounds
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.92 2.92
3 74 43.27 46.20
4 92 53.80 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I listen to other perople’s ideas
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.35 2.35
2 1 0.59 2.94
3 91 53.53 56.47
4 74 43.53 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 5.29 5.29
2 8 4.71 10.00
3 99 58.24 68.24
4 54 31.76 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.35 2.35
2 7 4.12 6.47
3 99 58.24 64.71
4 60 35.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.76 1.76
2 4 2.35 4.12
3 95 55.88 60.00
4 68 40.00 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 171 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I avoid making others look bad -1.338
If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out -1.063
When I work in groups, I do my fair share -1.025
I get along well with people of different backgrounds -1.507
I listen to other perople’s ideas -1.076
I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend -1.053
I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse -0.84
I respect other points of view, even if I disagree -0.823

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I avoid making others look bad If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out When I work in groups, I do my fair share I get along well with people of different backgrounds I listen to other people’s ideas I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
I avoid making others look bad 1.000 0.389 0.569 0.490 0.451 0.321 0.431 0.451
If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out 0.389 1.000 0.644 0.553 0.467 0.455 0.497 0.507
When I work in groups, I do my fair share 0.569 0.644 1.000 0.628 0.708 0.504 0.672 0.762
I get along well with people of different backgrounds 0.490 0.553 0.628 1.000 0.727 0.479 0.707 0.610
I listen to other people’s ideas 0.451 0.467 0.708 0.727 1.000 0.556 0.649 0.589
I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend 0.321 0.455 0.504 0.479 0.556 1.000 0.506 0.456
I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse 0.431 0.497 0.672 0.707 0.649 0.506 1.000 0.594
I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree 0.451 0.507 0.762 0.610 0.589 0.456 0.594 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I avoid making others look bad
  • Q2 = If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
  • Q3 = When I work in groups, I do my fair share
  • Q4 = I get along well with people of different backgrounds
  • Q5 = I listen to other perople’s ideas
  • Q6 = I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
  • Q7 = I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
  • Q8 = I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 8
Sample Units 171
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.899

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## Warning in cor(tx[, i], ty[, i], use = "pairwise"): the standard deviation is
## zero
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(sc.trt), time = "Time", select = c("sc1.look.bad", 
##     "sc2.friends.fighting", "sc3.fair.share", "sc4.get.along", 
##     "sc5.listen.ideas", "sc6.control.anger", "sc7.discuss.problem", 
##     "sc8.respect.view"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  74  Number of items =  8
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.22
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.96   0.96 0.96 0.73 21.84 0.00  0.98  0.95  0.00
## Time 2   0.94   0.94 0.94 0.65 14.82 0.01  0.96  0.96  0.01
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.19
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.12
## with standard deviation of  0.44 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.82
## R1F  =  0.81 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.89 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0.23 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.93 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.08    0.16
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.01    0.01
## ID x time        0.26    0.51
## ID x items       0.01    0.01
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.15    0.30
## Total            0.50    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Social Competence (6-point)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Social Competence (6-point) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 1.7%
Q2 0.0%
Q3 0.0%
Q4 1.7%
Q5 0.0%
Q6 0.0%
Q7 0.0%
Q8 0.0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     1
##        Q4     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I avoid making others look bad
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 5.08 5.08
2 2 3.39 8.47
4 21 35.59 44.07
5 7 11.86 55.93
6 26 44.07 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.33 3.33
2 3 5.00 8.33
3 1 1.67 10.00
4 24 40.00 50.00
5 8 13.33 63.33
6 22 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: When I work in groups, I do my fair share
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 1 1.67 3.33
3 1 1.67 5.00
4 23 38.33 43.33
5 4 6.67 50.00
6 30 50.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I get along well with people of different backgrounds
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 1 1.69 3.39
4 20 33.90 37.29
5 4 6.78 44.07
6 33 55.93 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I listen to other perople’s ideas
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 1 1.67 3.33
4 27 45.00 48.33
5 8 13.33 61.67
6 23 38.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.33 3.33
2 6 10.00 13.33
3 1 1.67 15.00
4 20 33.33 48.33
5 10 16.67 65.00
6 21 35.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 5 8.33 10.00
3 1 1.67 11.67
4 19 31.67 43.33
5 13 21.67 65.00
6 21 35.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 3 5.00 6.67
4 20 33.33 40.00
5 12 20.00 60.00
6 24 40.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 1/8 items, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I avoid making others look bad
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 5.08 5.08
2 2 3.39 8.47
4 21 35.59 44.07
5 7 11.86 55.93
6 26 44.07 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.33 3.33
2 3 5.00 8.33
3 1 1.67 10.00
4 24 40.00 50.00
5 8 13.33 63.33
6 22 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: When I work in groups, I do my fair share
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 1 1.67 3.33
3 1 1.67 5.00
4 23 38.33 43.33
5 4 6.67 50.00
6 30 50.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I get along well with people of different backgrounds
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 1 1.69 3.39
4 20 33.90 37.29
5 4 6.78 44.07
6 33 55.93 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I listen to other perople’s ideas
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 1 1.67 3.33
4 27 45.00 48.33
5 8 13.33 61.67
6 23 38.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.33 3.33
2 6 10.00 13.33
3 1 1.67 15.00
4 20 33.33 48.33
5 10 16.67 65.00
6 21 35.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 5 8.33 10.00
3 1 1.67 11.67
4 19 31.67 43.33
5 13 21.67 65.00
6 21 35.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 3 5.00 6.67
4 20 33.33 40.00
5 12 20.00 60.00
6 24 40.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I avoid making others look bad -1.114
If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out -0.829
When I work in groups, I do my fair share -0.875
I get along well with people of different backgrounds -1.147
I listen to other perople’s ideas -0.677
I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend -0.784
I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse -0.858
I respect other points of view, even if I disagree -0.999

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I avoid making others look bad If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out When I work in groups, I do my fair share I get along well with people of different backgrounds I listen to other people’s ideas I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree
I avoid making others look bad 1.000 0.423 0.558 0.484 0.562 0.533 0.455 0.470
If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out 0.423 1.000 0.472 0.529 0.511 0.395 0.579 0.547
When I work in groups, I do my fair share 0.558 0.472 1.000 0.766 0.793 0.519 0.594 0.639
I get along well with people of different backgrounds 0.484 0.529 0.766 1.000 0.694 0.527 0.621 0.642
I listen to other people’s ideas 0.562 0.511 0.793 0.694 1.000 0.525 0.631 0.644
I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend 0.533 0.395 0.519 0.527 0.525 1.000 0.573 0.584
I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse 0.455 0.579 0.594 0.621 0.631 0.573 1.000 0.673
I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree 0.470 0.547 0.639 0.642 0.644 0.584 0.673 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I avoid making others look bad
  • Q2 = If two of my friends are fighting, I find a way to work things out
  • Q3 = When I work in groups, I do my fair share
  • Q4 = I get along well with people of different backgrounds
  • Q5 = I listen to other perople’s ideas
  • Q6 = I control my anger when I have a disagreement with a friend
  • Q7 = I can discuss a problem with a friend without making things worse
  • Q8 = I I respect other points of view, even if I disagree

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 8
Sample Units 60
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.898

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Test-retest validity cannot be assessed for the 6-point scale, as there are no IDs in the 6-point data.

Grit

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Grit questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.00%
Q2 0.00%
Q3 0.00%
Q4 0.00%
Q5 0.00%
Q6 0.83%
Q7 0.00%
Q8 0.00%
Q9 0.00% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q6     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 5.00 5.00
2 15 12.50 17.50
3 61 50.83 68.33
4 38 31.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 5 4.17 5.83
3 58 48.33 54.17
4 55 45.83 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: Obstacles do not discourage me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.50 2.50
2 14 11.67 14.17
3 56 46.67 60.83
4 47 39.17 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I bounce back from setbacks quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 13 10.83 12.50
3 65 54.17 66.67
4 40 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.83 0.83
2 2 1.67 2.50
3 52 43.33 45.83
4 65 54.17 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I often set a goal and choose to follow it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.84 0.84
2 9 7.56 8.40
3 66 55.46 63.87
4 43 36.13 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.50 2.50
2 14 11.67 14.17
3 69 57.50 71.67
4 34 28.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.83 0.83
2 4 3.33 4.17
3 71 59.17 63.33
4 44 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I work smart
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 4 3.33 5.00
3 58 48.33 53.33
4 56 46.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 6/9 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 5.00 5.00
2 15 12.50 17.50
3 61 50.83 68.33
4 38 31.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 5 4.17 5.83
3 58 48.33 54.17
4 55 45.83 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: Obstacles do not discourage me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.50 2.50
2 14 11.67 14.17
3 56 46.67 60.83
4 47 39.17 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I bounce back from setbacks quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 13 10.83 12.50
3 65 54.17 66.67
4 40 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.83 0.83
2 2 1.67 2.50
3 52 43.33 45.83
4 65 54.17 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I often set a goal and choose to follow it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.84 0.84
2 9 7.56 8.40
3 66 55.46 63.87
4 43 36.13 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.50 2.50
2 14 11.67 14.17
3 69 57.50 71.67
4 34 28.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.83 0.83
2 4 3.33 4.17
3 71 59.17 63.33
4 44 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I work smart
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.67 1.67
2 4 3.33 5.00
3 58 48.33 53.33
4 56 46.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 120 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones -0.761
When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done -0.94
Obstacles do not discourage me -0.751
I bounce back from setbacks quickly -0.576
I work hard -0.942
I often set a goal and choose to follow it -0.486
I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete -0.605
I finish what I start -0.424
I work smart -0.972

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done Obstacles do not discourage me I bounce back from setbacks quickly I work hard I often set a goal and choose to follow it I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete I finish what I start I work smart
New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones 1.000 0.411 0.445 0.425 0.407 0.441 0.429 0.464 0.467
When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done 0.411 1.000 0.417 0.636 0.591 0.521 0.580 0.514 0.497
Obstacles do not discourage me 0.445 0.417 1.000 0.468 0.467 0.482 0.386 0.497 0.461
I bounce back from setbacks quickly 0.425 0.636 0.468 1.000 0.488 0.518 0.576 0.561 0.438
I work hard 0.407 0.591 0.467 0.488 1.000 0.634 0.424 0.654 0.608
I often set a goal and choose to follow it 0.441 0.521 0.482 0.518 0.634 1.000 0.567 0.671 0.576
I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete 0.429 0.580 0.386 0.576 0.424 0.567 1.000 0.511 0.423
I finish what I start 0.464 0.514 0.497 0.561 0.654 0.671 0.511 1.000 0.564
I work smart 0.467 0.497 0.461 0.438 0.608 0.576 0.423 0.564 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous ones
  • Q2 = When working on something I care about, I follow through until it is done
  • Q3 = Obstacles do not discourage me
  • Q4 = I bounce back from setbacks quickly
  • Q5 = I work hard
  • Q6 = I often set a goal and choose to follow it
  • Q7 = I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
  • Q8 = I finish what I start
  • Q9 = I work smart

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 9
Sample Units 120
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.905

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(grit.trt), time = "Time", select = c("gr.1.distract", 
##     "gr.2.follow.through", "gr.3.obstacles", "gr.4.bounce.back", 
##     "gr.5.work.hard", "gr.6.goal.set", "gr.7.keep.focus", "gr.8.finish.start", 
##     "gr.9.work.smart"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  20  Number of items =  9
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.35
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.94   0.94 0.97 0.64 16.05 0.01  0.93  0.87  0.02
## Time 2   0.89   0.89 0.92 0.47  7.85 0.03  0.83  0.91  0.03
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.19
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.11
## with standard deviation of  0.24 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.56
## R1F  =  0.81 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.9 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0.36 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.87 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.08    0.21
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.01    0.04
## ID x time        0.12    0.32
## ID x items       0.00    0.00
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.16    0.43
## Total            0.38    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Leadership (Full)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Leadership (Full) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.75%
Q2 1.13%
Q3 0.75%
Q4 1.13%
Q5 1.88%
Q6 0.75%
Q7 1.88%
Q8 1.50%
Q9 2.26%
Q10 1.88%
Q11 0.75%
Q12 1.88%
Q13 1.88%
Q14 2.26%
Q15 2.26%
Q16 1.50%
Q17 1.13%
Q18 1.50%
Q19 1.13%
Q20 1.50% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     2
##        Q2     3
##        Q3     2
##        Q4     3
##        Q5     5
##        Q6     2
##        Q7     5
##        Q8     4
##        Q9     6
##       Q10     5
##       Q11     2
##       Q12     5
##       Q13     5
##       Q14     6
##       Q15     6
##       Q16     4
##       Q17     3
##       Q18     4
##       Q19     3
##       Q20     4

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 18 6.82 7.58
3 162 61.36 68.94
4 80 30.30 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.28 2.28
2 23 8.75 11.03
3 122 46.39 57.41
4 110 41.83 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I set goals and work towards them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.27 2.27
2 14 5.30 7.58
3 143 54.17 61.74
4 99 37.50 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 12 4.56 6.08
3 129 49.05 55.13
4 118 44.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 27 10.34 11.88
3 140 53.64 65.52
4 87 33.33 98.85
I don’t understand this question 3 1.15 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.79 3.79
2 29 10.98 14.77
3 132 50.00 64.77
4 89 33.71 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 3.07 3.07
2 32 12.26 15.33
3 158 60.54 75.86
4 63 24.14 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 24 9.16 11.45
3 149 56.87 68.32
4 82 31.30 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 3.46 3.46
2 14 5.38 8.85
3 148 56.92 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I ask questions when I don’t understand something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.30 2.30
2 19 7.28 9.58
3 144 55.17 64.75
4 92 35.25 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: I consider input from all members of a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 15 5.68 7.20
3 142 53.79 60.98
4 97 36.74 97.73
I don’t understand this question 6 2.27 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3l: I try to cooperate with others to get things done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 11 4.21 5.75
3 133 50.96 56.70
4 113 43.30 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3m: I set a good example for others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.92 1.92
2 26 9.96 11.88
3 156 59.77 71.65
4 73 27.97 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3n: I can organize others to accomplish an activity based on their strengths
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.92 1.92
2 26 10.00 11.92
3 140 53.85 65.77
4 83 31.92 97.69
I don’t understand this question 6 2.31 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3o: I speak up for my ideas in a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.85 3.85
2 33 12.69 16.54
3 128 49.23 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3p: I prioritize important tasks
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 15 5.73 7.25
3 145 55.34 62.60
4 94 35.88 98.47
I don’t understand this question 4 1.53 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3q: I seek out information and different points of view to solve problems
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 23 8.75 9.51
3 141 53.61 63.12
4 93 35.36 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3r: I consider different possible outcomes before making a decision
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 2.67 2.67
2 11 4.20 6.87
3 154 58.78 65.65
4 88 33.59 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3s: I accept responsibility for the outcomes of my decisions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 2.66 2.66
2 13 4.94 7.60
3 149 56.65 64.26
4 92 34.98 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3t: I ask for feedback
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 37 14.12 16.41
3 141 53.82 70.23
4 74 28.24 98.47
I don’t understand this question 4 1.53 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 17/20 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 18 6.82 7.58
3 162 61.36 68.94
4 80 30.30 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.28 2.28
2 23 8.75 11.03
3 122 46.39 57.41
4 110 41.83 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I set goals and work toward them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.27 2.27
2 14 5.30 7.58
3 143 54.17 61.74
4 99 37.50 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 12 4.56 6.08
3 129 49.05 55.13
4 118 44.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 27 10.34 11.88
3 140 53.64 65.52
4 87 33.33 98.85
I don’t understand this question 3 1.15 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.79 3.79
2 29 10.98 14.77
3 132 50.00 64.77
4 89 33.71 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 3.07 3.07
2 32 12.26 15.33
3 158 60.54 75.86
4 63 24.14 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 24 9.16 11.45
3 149 56.87 68.32
4 82 31.30 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 3.46 3.46
2 14 5.38 8.85
3 148 56.92 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I ask questions when I don’t understand some
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.30 2.30
2 19 7.28 9.58
3 144 55.17 64.75
4 92 35.25 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4k: I consider input from all members of a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 15 5.68 7.20
3 142 53.79 60.98
4 97 36.74 97.73
I don’t understand this question 6 2.27 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4l: I try to cooperate with others to get things done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 11 4.21 5.75
3 133 50.96 56.70
4 113 43.30 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4m: I set a good example for others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.92 1.92
2 26 9.96 11.88
3 156 59.77 71.65
4 73 27.97 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4n: I can organize others to accomplish an activity based on their strengths
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.92 1.92
2 26 10.00 11.92
3 140 53.85 65.77
4 83 31.92 97.69
I don’t understand this question 6 2.31 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4o: I speak up for my ideas in a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.85 3.85
2 33 12.69 16.54
3 128 49.23 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4p: I prioritize important tasks
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 15 5.73 7.25
3 145 55.34 62.60
4 94 35.88 98.47
I don’t understand this question 4 1.53 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4q: I seek out information and different points of view to solve problems
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 23 8.75 9.51
3 141 53.61 63.12
4 93 35.36 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4r: I consider different possible outcomes before making a decision
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 2.67 2.67
2 11 4.20 6.87
3 154 58.78 65.65
4 88 33.59 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4s: I accept responsibility for the outcomes of my decisions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 2.66 2.66
2 13 4.94 7.60
3 149 56.65 64.26
4 92 34.98 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4t: I ask for feedback
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 37 14.12 16.41
3 141 53.82 70.23
4 74 28.24 98.47
I don’t understand this question 4 1.53 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I have qualities that make me a good leader -0.337
I am interested in growing as a leader -0.86
I set goals and work toward them -0.85
I learn from mistakes -0.878
I am aware of my strengths as a leader -0.57
I am aware of body language -0.784
I can describe my thoughts to others -0.625
I find a different way to communicate -0.671
I listen effectively -0.937
I ask questions when I don’t understand something -0.767
I consider input from all members of a group -0.698
I try to cooperate with others to get things done -0.84
I set a good example for others -0.562
I can organize others to accomplish an activity -0.621
I speak up for my ideas in a group -0.733
I prioritize important tasks -0.674
I seek out different points of view -0.467
I consider different possible outcomes -0.873
I accept responsibility for my decisions -0.874
I ask for feedback -0.524

Inter-item correlations (Tabe)

Table 6: Some Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have qualities that make me a good leader I am interested in growing as a leader I set goals and work toward them I learn from mistakes I am aware of my strengths as a leader I am aware of body language I can describe my thoughts to others I find a different way to communicate I listen effectively I ask questions when I don’t understand something I consider input from all members of a group I try to cooperate with others to get things done I set a good example for others I can organize others to accomplish an activity I speak up for my ideas in a group I prioritize important tasks I seek out different points of view I consider different possible outcomes I accept responsibility for my decisions I ask for feedback
I have qualities that make me a good leader 1.000 0.493 0.482 0.526 0.420 0.425 0.420 0.324 0.478 0.370 0.421 0.430 0.386 0.465 0.365 0.468 0.416 0.381 0.379 0.311
I am interested in growing as a leader 0.493 1.000 0.364 0.350 0.485 0.283 0.297 0.477 0.464 0.267 0.447 0.375 0.350 0.408 0.464 0.486 0.467 0.572 0.577 0.307
I set goals and work toward them 0.482 0.364 1.000 0.491 0.353 0.498 0.357 0.396 0.417 0.282 0.416 0.393 0.348 0.453 0.324 0.439 0.382 0.410 0.363 0.246
I learn from mistakes 0.526 0.350 0.491 1.000 0.405 0.291 0.329 0.395 0.404 0.266 0.377 0.421 0.344 0.391 0.337 0.416 0.353 0.362 0.349 0.294
I am aware of my strengths as a leader 0.420 0.485 0.353 0.405 1.000 0.378 0.344 0.506 0.460 0.461 0.346 0.332 0.417 0.414 0.466 0.410 0.439 0.506 0.491 0.398
I am aware of body language 0.425 0.283 0.498 0.291 0.378 1.000 0.391 0.370 0.474 0.248 0.380 0.316 0.345 0.435 0.337 0.406 0.390 0.385 0.385 0.273
I can describe my thoughts to others 0.420 0.297 0.357 0.329 0.344 0.391 1.000 0.395 0.438 0.353 0.304 0.333 0.327 0.337 0.417 0.378 0.434 0.318 0.361 0.326
I find a different way to communicate 0.324 0.477 0.396 0.395 0.506 0.370 0.395 1.000 0.401 0.367 0.464 0.436 0.300 0.436 0.623 0.450 0.418 0.527 0.456 0.333
I listen effectively 0.478 0.464 0.417 0.404 0.460 0.474 0.438 0.401 1.000 0.398 0.473 0.454 0.357 0.396 0.325 0.514 0.449 0.513 0.499 0.377
I ask questions when I don’t understand something 0.370 0.267 0.282 0.266 0.461 0.248 0.353 0.367 0.398 1.000 0.340 0.303 0.393 0.367 0.387 0.333 0.340 0.273 0.288 0.350
I consider input from all members of a group 0.421 0.447 0.416 0.377 0.346 0.380 0.304 0.464 0.473 0.340 1.000 0.604 0.359 0.505 0.433 0.650 0.551 0.538 0.500 0.398
I try to cooperate with others to get things done 0.430 0.375 0.393 0.421 0.332 0.316 0.333 0.436 0.454 0.303 0.604 1.000 0.425 0.550 0.414 0.516 0.544 0.472 0.492 0.390
I set a good example for others 0.386 0.350 0.348 0.344 0.417 0.345 0.327 0.300 0.357 0.393 0.359 0.425 1.000 0.403 0.397 0.312 0.340 0.396 0.372 0.389
I can organize others to accomplish an activity 0.465 0.408 0.453 0.391 0.414 0.435 0.337 0.436 0.396 0.367 0.505 0.550 0.403 1.000 0.442 0.500 0.557 0.528 0.525 0.351
I speak up for my ideas in a group 0.365 0.464 0.324 0.337 0.466 0.337 0.417 0.623 0.325 0.387 0.433 0.414 0.397 0.442 1.000 0.396 0.426 0.462 0.466 0.333
I prioritize important tasks 0.468 0.486 0.439 0.416 0.410 0.406 0.378 0.450 0.514 0.333 0.650 0.516 0.312 0.500 0.396 1.000 0.533 0.603 0.523 0.391
I seek out different points of view 0.416 0.467 0.382 0.353 0.439 0.390 0.434 0.418 0.449 0.340 0.551 0.544 0.340 0.557 0.426 0.533 1.000 0.566 0.585 0.370
I consider different possible outcomes 0.381 0.572 0.410 0.362 0.506 0.385 0.318 0.527 0.513 0.273 0.538 0.472 0.396 0.528 0.462 0.603 0.566 1.000 0.621 0.400
I accept responsibility for my decisions 0.379 0.577 0.363 0.349 0.491 0.385 0.361 0.456 0.499 0.288 0.500 0.492 0.372 0.525 0.466 0.523 0.585 0.621 1.000 0.384
I ask for feedback 0.311 0.307 0.246 0.294 0.398 0.273 0.326 0.333 0.377 0.350 0.398 0.390 0.389 0.351 0.333 0.391 0.370 0.400 0.384 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have qualities that make me a good leader
  • Q2 = I am interested in growing as a leader
  • Q3 = I set goals and work toward them
  • Q4 = I learn from mistakes
  • Q5 = I am aware of my strengths as a leader
  • Q6 = I am aware of body language
  • Q7 = I can describe my thoughts to others
  • Q8 = I find a different way to communicate
  • Q9 = I listen effectively
  • Q10 = I ask questions when I don’t understand something
  • Q11 = I consider input from all members of a group
  • Q12 = I try to cooperate with others to get things done
  • Q13 = I set a good example for others
  • Q14 = I can organize others to accomplish an activity
  • Q15 = I speak up for my ideas in a group
  • Q16 = I prioritize important tasks
  • Q17 = I seek out different points of view
  • Q18 = I consider different possible outcomes
  • Q19 = I accept responsibility for my decisions
  • Q20 = I ask for feedback

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 20
Sample Units 266
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.94

Test-retest reliability

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.pre[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## Warning in inner_join(lead.full.pre, lead.full.post, by = c("ID", "Cycle"), : Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
## ℹ Row 102 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
## ℹ Row 109 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
## ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
##   "many-to-many"` to silence this warning.
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_cor()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_cor()`).
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.full.trt[7:26], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## In smc, smcs > 1 were set to 1.0
## In smc, smcs < 0 were set to .0
## Warning in cor(tx[, i], ty[, i], use = "pairwise"): the standard deviation is
## zero
## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(lead.full.trt), time = "Time", 
##     select = c("lead.a1.good.leader", "lead.a2.growing.leader", 
##         "lead.a3.set.goals", "lead.a4.learn.mistakes", "lead.a5.aware.strengths", 
##         "lead.b6.body.language", "lead.b7.describe.thoughts", 
##         "lead.b8.communicate.different", "lead.b9.listen.effectively", 
##         "lead.b10.ask.questions", "lead.c11.consider.input", 
##         "lead.c12.cooperate", "lead.c13.good.example", "lead.c14.organize.others", 
##         "lead.c15.speak.up", "lead.d16.prioritize.tasks", "lead.d17.seek.information", 
##         "lead.d18.consider.outcomes", "lead.d19.accept.responsibility", 
##         "lead.d20.ask.feedback"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  117  Number of items =  20
##  Correlation of scale scores over time -0.07
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.96   0.96 0.97 0.52 21.95  0  0.94  0.96  0.01
## Time 2   0.97   0.97 0.97 0.61 31.40  0  0.97  0.96  0.01
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  -0.01
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.06
## with standard deviation of  0.32 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.99
## R1F  =  0.04 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.08 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.96 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.00    0.00
## Time             0.00    0.01
## Items            0.00    0.00
## ID x time        0.27    0.54
## ID x items       0.01    0.02
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.21    0.43
## Total            0.50    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Leadership (Full, 6-point)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Leadership (Full) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.00%
Q2 0.52%
Q3 0.00%
Q4 1.04%
Q5 0.00%
Q6 0.00%
Q7 0.00%
Q8 0.00%
Q9 0.52%
Q10 0.52%
Q11 0.00%
Q12 0.00%
Q13 0.52%
Q14 0.00%
Q15 0.52%
Q16 0.00%
Q17 0.52%
Q18 0.00%
Q19 1.04%
Q20 1.04% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q2     1
##        Q4     2
##        Q9     1
##       Q10     1
##       Q13     1
##       Q15     1
##       Q17     1
##       Q19     2
##       Q20     2

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 8 4.17 7.81
4 70 36.46 44.27
5 49 25.52 69.79
6 58 30.21 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 6 3.14 4.19
3 10 5.24 9.42
4 45 23.56 32.98
5 51 26.70 59.69
6 77 40.31 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I set goals and work towards them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 5 2.60 3.12
3 10 5.21 8.33
4 74 38.54 46.88
5 41 21.35 68.23
6 61 31.77 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.11 2.11
2 5 2.63 4.74
3 10 5.26 10.00
4 54 28.42 38.42
5 47 24.74 63.16
6 70 36.84 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 8 4.17 4.69
3 13 6.77 11.46
4 53 27.60 39.06
5 53 27.60 66.67
6 64 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.60 2.60
2 9 4.69 7.29
3 8 4.17 11.46
4 59 30.73 42.19
5 56 29.17 71.35
6 55 28.65 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 13 6.77 7.81
3 8 4.17 11.98
4 53 27.60 39.58
5 67 34.90 74.48
6 49 25.52 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 8 4.17 7.81
4 57 29.69 37.50
5 63 32.81 70.31
6 57 29.69 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 4 2.09 2.62
3 7 3.66 6.28
4 55 28.80 35.08
5 61 31.94 67.02
6 63 32.98 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I ask questions when I don’t understand something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 4 2.09 3.14
3 10 5.24 8.38
4 44 23.04 31.41
5 57 29.84 61.26
6 74 38.74 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: I consider input from all members of a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 5 2.60 6.25
4 52 27.08 33.33
5 69 35.94 69.27
6 59 30.73 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3l: I try to cooperate with others to get things done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 6 3.12 4.17
3 3 1.56 5.73
4 53 27.60 33.33
5 63 32.81 66.15
6 65 33.85 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3m: I set a good example for others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 6 3.14 4.19
3 10 5.24 9.42
4 69 36.13 45.55
5 58 30.37 75.92
6 46 24.08 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3n: I can organize others to accomplish an activity based on their strengths
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.08 2.08
2 10 5.21 7.29
3 5 2.60 9.90
4 68 35.42 45.31
5 60 31.25 76.56
6 45 23.44 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3o: I speak up for my ideas in a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 11 5.76 6.28
3 3 1.57 7.85
4 44 23.04 30.89
5 58 30.37 61.26
6 74 38.74 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3p: I prioritize important tasks
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 4 2.08 3.12
3 5 2.60 5.73
4 68 35.42 41.15
5 56 29.17 70.31
6 57 29.69 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3q: I seek out information and different points of view to solve problems
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 4 2.09 2.62
3 5 2.62 5.24
4 58 30.37 35.60
5 72 37.70 73.30
6 51 26.70 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3r: I consider different possible outcomes before making a decision
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 10 5.21 6.25
3 5 2.60 8.85
4 51 26.56 35.42
5 57 29.69 65.10
6 67 34.90 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3s: I accept responsibility for the outcomes of my decisions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.53 0.53
2 7 3.68 4.21
3 3 1.58 5.79
4 54 28.42 34.21
5 68 35.79 70.00
6 57 30.00 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 3t: I ask for feedback
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.58 1.58
2 12 6.32 7.89
3 8 4.21 12.11
4 52 27.37 39.47
5 65 34.21 73.68
6 50 26.32 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 0/20 items.

Table 4a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 8 4.17 7.81
4 70 36.46 44.27
5 49 25.52 69.79
6 58 30.21 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 6 3.14 4.19
3 10 5.24 9.42
4 45 23.56 32.98
5 51 26.70 59.69
6 77 40.31 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I set goals and work toward them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 5 2.60 3.12
3 10 5.21 8.33
4 74 38.54 46.88
5 41 21.35 68.23
6 61 31.77 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.11 2.11
2 5 2.63 4.74
3 10 5.26 10.00
4 54 28.42 38.42
5 47 24.74 63.16
6 70 36.84 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 8 4.17 4.69
3 13 6.77 11.46
4 53 27.60 39.06
5 53 27.60 66.67
6 64 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 2.60 2.60
2 9 4.69 7.29
3 8 4.17 11.46
4 59 30.73 42.19
5 56 29.17 71.35
6 55 28.65 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 13 6.77 7.81
3 8 4.17 11.98
4 53 27.60 39.58
5 67 34.90 74.48
6 49 25.52 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 8 4.17 7.81
4 57 29.69 37.50
5 63 32.81 70.31
6 57 29.69 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 4 2.09 2.62
3 7 3.66 6.28
4 55 28.80 35.08
5 61 31.94 67.02
6 63 32.98 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I ask questions when I don’t understand some
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 4 2.09 3.14
3 10 5.24 8.38
4 44 23.04 31.41
5 57 29.84 61.26
6 74 38.74 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4k: I consider input from all members of a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 5 2.60 3.65
3 5 2.60 6.25
4 52 27.08 33.33
5 69 35.94 69.27
6 59 30.73 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4l: I try to cooperate with others to get things done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 6 3.12 4.17
3 3 1.56 5.73
4 53 27.60 33.33
5 63 32.81 66.15
6 65 33.85 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4m: I set a good example for others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.05 1.05
2 6 3.14 4.19
3 10 5.24 9.42
4 69 36.13 45.55
5 58 30.37 75.92
6 46 24.08 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4n: I can organize others to accomplish an activity based on their strengths
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 2.08 2.08
2 10 5.21 7.29
3 5 2.60 9.90
4 68 35.42 45.31
5 60 31.25 76.56
6 45 23.44 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4o: I speak up for my ideas in a group
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 11 5.76 6.28
3 3 1.57 7.85
4 44 23.04 30.89
5 58 30.37 61.26
6 74 38.74 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4p: I prioritize important tasks
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 4 2.08 3.12
3 5 2.60 5.73
4 68 35.42 41.15
5 56 29.17 70.31
6 57 29.69 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4q: I seek out information and different points of view to solve problems
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.52 0.52
2 4 2.09 2.62
3 5 2.62 5.24
4 58 30.37 35.60
5 72 37.70 73.30
6 51 26.70 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4r: I consider different possible outcomes before making a decision
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.04 1.04
2 10 5.21 6.25
3 5 2.60 8.85
4 51 26.56 35.42
5 57 29.69 65.10
6 67 34.90 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4s: I accept responsibility for the outcomes of my decisions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.53 0.53
2 7 3.68 4.21
3 3 1.58 5.79
4 54 28.42 34.21
5 68 35.79 70.00
6 57 30.00 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00
Table 4t: I ask for feedback
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 1.58 1.58
2 12 6.32 7.89
3 8 4.21 12.11
4 52 27.37 39.47
5 65 34.21 73.68
6 50 26.32 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 192 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I have qualities that make me a good leader -0.653
I am interested in growing as a leader -1.01
I set goals and work toward them -0.452
I learn from mistakes -0.971
I am aware of my strengths as a leader -0.729
I am aware of body language -0.946
I can describe my thoughts to others -0.885
I find a different way to communicate -0.854
I listen effectively -0.77
I ask questions when I don’t understand something -1.023
I consider input from all members of a group -1.007
I try to cooperate with others to get things done -1.04
I set a good example for others -0.652
I can organize others to accomplish an activity -0.892
I speak up for my ideas in a group -1.105
I prioritize important tasks -0.732
I seek out different points of view -0.757
I consider different possible outcomes -1.002
I accept responsibility for my decisions -0.921
I ask for feedback -0.934

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Some Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have qualities that make me a good leader I am interested in growing as a leader I set goals and work toward them I learn from mistakes I am aware of my strengths as a leader I am aware of body language I can describe my thoughts to others I find a different way to communicate I listen effectively I ask questions when I don’t understand something I consider input from all members of a group I try to cooperate with others to get things done I set a good example for others I can organize others to accomplish an activity I speak up for my ideas in a group I prioritize important tasks I seek out different points of view I consider different possible outcomes I accept responsibility for my decisions I ask for feedback
I have qualities that make me a good leader 1.000 0.404 0.450 0.341 0.535 0.398 0.376 0.365 0.386 0.321 0.503 0.342 0.432 0.413 0.451 0.326 0.417 0.322 0.423 0.288
I am interested in growing as a leader 0.404 1.000 0.439 0.337 0.421 0.272 0.348 0.504 0.392 0.311 0.330 0.336 0.315 0.270 0.398 0.349 0.421 0.307 0.400 0.275
I set goals and work toward them 0.450 0.439 1.000 0.417 0.549 0.332 0.416 0.451 0.538 0.375 0.393 0.394 0.403 0.360 0.508 0.435 0.513 0.371 0.521 0.343
I learn from mistakes 0.341 0.337 0.417 1.000 0.332 0.256 0.383 0.351 0.341 0.277 0.332 0.324 0.305 0.280 0.357 0.294 0.327 0.274 0.428 0.263
I am aware of my strengths as a leader 0.535 0.421 0.549 0.332 1.000 0.360 0.427 0.435 0.503 0.395 0.398 0.393 0.448 0.382 0.548 0.436 0.515 0.414 0.531 0.354
I am aware of body language 0.398 0.272 0.332 0.256 0.360 1.000 0.339 0.345 0.349 0.345 0.357 0.295 0.308 0.344 0.359 0.272 0.316 0.239 0.354 0.253
I can describe my thoughts to others 0.376 0.348 0.416 0.383 0.427 0.339 1.000 0.380 0.381 0.362 0.341 0.316 0.327 0.297 0.424 0.337 0.397 0.328 0.435 0.326
I find a different way to communicate 0.365 0.504 0.451 0.351 0.435 0.345 0.380 1.000 0.458 0.363 0.367 0.374 0.367 0.329 0.432 0.366 0.439 0.373 0.474 0.310
I listen effectively 0.386 0.392 0.538 0.341 0.503 0.349 0.381 0.458 1.000 0.393 0.398 0.426 0.432 0.338 0.496 0.444 0.524 0.394 0.517 0.348
I ask questions when I don’t understand something 0.321 0.311 0.375 0.277 0.395 0.345 0.362 0.363 0.393 1.000 0.308 0.503 0.425 0.311 0.438 0.315 0.383 0.325 0.431 0.294
I consider input from all members of a group 0.503 0.330 0.393 0.332 0.398 0.357 0.341 0.367 0.398 0.308 1.000 0.525 0.377 0.433 0.449 0.371 0.460 0.414 0.468 0.412
I try to cooperate with others to get things done 0.342 0.336 0.394 0.324 0.393 0.295 0.316 0.374 0.426 0.503 0.525 1.000 0.390 0.345 0.438 0.328 0.560 0.354 0.561 0.282
I set a good example for others 0.432 0.315 0.403 0.305 0.448 0.308 0.327 0.367 0.432 0.425 0.377 0.390 1.000 0.458 0.445 0.396 0.418 0.381 0.421 0.310
I can organize others to accomplish an activity 0.413 0.270 0.360 0.280 0.382 0.344 0.297 0.329 0.338 0.311 0.433 0.345 0.458 1.000 0.427 0.331 0.385 0.365 0.381 0.307
I speak up for my ideas in a group 0.451 0.398 0.508 0.357 0.548 0.359 0.424 0.432 0.496 0.438 0.449 0.438 0.445 0.427 1.000 0.418 0.558 0.383 0.544 0.370
I prioritize important tasks 0.326 0.349 0.435 0.294 0.436 0.272 0.337 0.366 0.444 0.315 0.371 0.328 0.396 0.331 0.418 1.000 0.477 0.394 0.464 0.334
I seek out different points of view 0.417 0.421 0.513 0.327 0.515 0.316 0.397 0.439 0.524 0.383 0.460 0.560 0.418 0.385 0.558 0.477 1.000 0.427 0.608 0.399
I consider different possible outcomes 0.322 0.307 0.371 0.274 0.414 0.239 0.328 0.373 0.394 0.325 0.414 0.354 0.381 0.365 0.383 0.394 0.427 1.000 0.531 0.354
I accept responsibility for my decisions 0.423 0.400 0.521 0.428 0.531 0.354 0.435 0.474 0.517 0.431 0.468 0.561 0.421 0.381 0.544 0.464 0.608 0.531 1.000 0.394
I ask for feedback 0.288 0.275 0.343 0.263 0.354 0.253 0.326 0.310 0.348 0.294 0.412 0.282 0.310 0.307 0.370 0.334 0.399 0.354 0.394 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have qualities that make me a good leader
  • Q2 = I am interested in growing as a leader
  • Q3 = I set goals and work toward them
  • Q4 = I learn from mistakes
  • Q5 = I am aware of my strengths as a leader
  • Q6 = I am aware of body language
  • Q7 = I can describe my thoughts to others
  • Q8 = I find a different way to communicate
  • Q9 = I listen effectively
  • Q10 = I ask questions when I don’t understand something
  • Q11 = I consider input from all members of a group
  • Q12 = I try to cooperate with others to get things done
  • Q13 = I set a good example for others
  • Q14 = I can organize others to accomplish an activity
  • Q15 = I speak up for my ideas in a group
  • Q16 = I prioritize important tasks
  • Q17 = I seek out different points of view
  • Q18 = I consider different possible outcomes
  • Q19 = I accept responsibility for my decisions
  • Q20 = I ask for feedback

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 20
Sample Units 61
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.925

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(lead.full.6.trt), time = "Time", 
##     select = c("lead.a1.good.leader", "lead.a2.growing.leader", 
##         "lead.a3.set.goals", "lead.a4.learn.mistakes", "lead.a5.aware.strengths", 
##         "lead.b6.body.language", "lead.b7.describe.thoughts", 
##         "lead.b8.communicate.different", "lead.b9.listen.effectively", 
##         "lead.b10.ask.questions", "lead.c11.consider.input", 
##         "lead.c12.cooperate", "lead.c13.good.example", "lead.c14.organize.others", 
##         "lead.c15.speak.up", "lead.d16.prioritize.tasks", "lead.d17.seek.information", 
##         "lead.d18.consider.outcomes", "lead.d19.accept.responsibility", 
##         "lead.d20.ask.feedback"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  115  Number of items =  20
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.4
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.93   0.93 0.94 0.38 12.50 0.01  0.87  0.98  0.01
## Time 2   0.93   0.94 0.95 0.42 14.48 0.01  0.90  0.98  0.01
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.28
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.21
## with standard deviation of  0.27 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  1.69
## R1F  =  0.87 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.93 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0.39 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.91 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.19    0.16
## Time             0.01    0.01
## Items            0.01    0.01
## ID x time        0.27    0.23
## ID x items       0.13    0.11
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.56    0.48
## Total            1.17    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Leadership (Brief)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Leadership (Brief) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.75%
Q2 1.13%
Q3 0.75%
Q4 1.13%
Q5 1.88%
Q6 0.75%
Q7 1.88%
Q8 1.50%
Q9 2.26%
Q10 1.88% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     2
##        Q2     3
##        Q3     2
##        Q4     3
##        Q5     5
##        Q6     2
##        Q7     5
##        Q8     4
##        Q9     6
##       Q10     5

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 18 6.82 7.58
3 162 61.36 68.94
4 80 30.30 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.28 2.28
2 23 8.75 11.03
3 122 46.39 57.41
4 110 41.83 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I set goals and work towards them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.27 2.27
2 14 5.30 7.58
3 143 54.17 61.74
4 99 37.50 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 12 4.56 6.08
3 129 49.05 55.13
4 118 44.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 27 10.34 11.88
3 140 53.64 65.52
4 87 33.33 98.85
I don’t understand this question 3 1.15 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.79 3.79
2 29 10.98 14.77
3 132 50.00 64.77
4 89 33.71 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 3.07 3.07
2 32 12.26 15.33
3 158 60.54 75.86
4 63 24.14 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 24 9.16 11.45
3 149 56.87 68.32
4 82 31.30 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 3.46 3.46
2 14 5.38 8.85
3 148 56.92 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I ask questions when I don’t understand something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.30 2.30
2 19 7.28 9.58
3 144 55.17 64.75
4 92 35.25 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 8/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 0.76 0.76
2 18 6.82 7.58
3 162 61.36 68.94
4 80 30.30 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.28 2.28
2 23 8.75 11.03
3 122 46.39 57.41
4 110 41.83 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I set goals and work toward them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.27 2.27
2 14 5.30 7.58
3 143 54.17 61.74
4 99 37.50 99.24
I don’t understand this question 2 0.76 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.52 1.52
2 12 4.56 6.08
3 129 49.05 55.13
4 118 44.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.53 1.53
2 27 10.34 11.88
3 140 53.64 65.52
4 87 33.33 98.85
I don’t understand this question 3 1.15 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 3.79 3.79
2 29 10.98 14.77
3 132 50.00 64.77
4 89 33.71 98.48
I don’t understand this question 4 1.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 3.07 3.07
2 32 12.26 15.33
3 158 60.54 75.86
4 63 24.14 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.29 2.29
2 24 9.16 11.45
3 149 56.87 68.32
4 82 31.30 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 3.46 3.46
2 14 5.38 8.85
3 148 56.92 65.77
4 88 33.85 99.62
I don’t understand this question 1 0.38 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I ask questions when I don’t understand some
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 6 2.30 2.30
2 19 7.28 9.58
3 144 55.17 64.75
4 92 35.25 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 266 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I have qualities that make me a good leader -0.337
I am interested in growing as a leader -0.86
I set goals and work toward them -0.85
I learn from mistakes -0.878
I am aware of my strengths as a leader -0.57
I am aware of body language -0.784
I can describe my thoughts to others -0.625
I find a different way to communicate -0.671
I listen effectively -0.937
I ask questions when I don’t understand something -0.767

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Some Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have qualities that make me a good leader I am interested in growing as a leader I set goals and work toward them I learn from mistakes I am aware of my strengths as a leader I am aware of body language I can describe my thoughts to others I find a different way to communicate I listen effectively I ask questions when I don’t understand something
I have qualities that make me a good leader 1.000 0.493 0.482 0.526 0.420 0.425 0.420 0.324 0.478 0.370
I am interested in growing as a leader 0.493 1.000 0.364 0.350 0.485 0.283 0.297 0.477 0.464 0.267
I set goals and work toward them 0.482 0.364 1.000 0.491 0.353 0.498 0.357 0.396 0.417 0.282
I learn from mistakes 0.526 0.350 0.491 1.000 0.405 0.291 0.329 0.395 0.404 0.266
I am aware of my strengths as a leader 0.420 0.485 0.353 0.405 1.000 0.378 0.344 0.506 0.460 0.461
I am aware of body language 0.425 0.283 0.498 0.291 0.378 1.000 0.391 0.370 0.474 0.248
I can describe my thoughts to others 0.420 0.297 0.357 0.329 0.344 0.391 1.000 0.395 0.438 0.353
I find a different way to communicate 0.324 0.477 0.396 0.395 0.506 0.370 0.395 1.000 0.401 0.367
I listen effectively 0.478 0.464 0.417 0.404 0.460 0.474 0.438 0.401 1.000 0.398
I ask questions when I don’t understand something 0.370 0.267 0.282 0.266 0.461 0.248 0.353 0.367 0.398 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have qualities that make me a good leader
  • Q2 = I am interested in growing as a leader
  • Q3 = I set goals and work toward them
  • Q4 = I learn from mistakes
  • Q5 = I am aware of my strengths as a leader
  • Q6 = I am aware of body language
  • Q7 = I can describe my thoughts to others
  • Q8 = I find a different way to communicate
  • Q9 = I listen effectively
  • Q10 = I ask questions when I don’t understand something

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 266
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.89

Test-retest reliability

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.pre[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## Warning in inner_join(lead.short.pre, lead.short.post, by = c("ID", "Cycle"), : Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
## ℹ Row 102 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
## ℹ Row 109 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
## ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
##   "many-to-many"` to silence this warning.
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_smooth()`).
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_cor()`).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_smooth()`).
## Removed 4 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range (`stat_cor()`).
## Warning: Removed 4 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
## (`geom_point()`).

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.trt[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## Warning in lapply(lead.short.trt[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(lead.short.trt[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(lead.short.trt), time = "Time", 
##     select = c("lead.a1.good.leader", "lead.a2.growing.leader", 
##         "lead.a3.set.goals", "lead.a4.learn.mistakes", "lead.a5.aware.strengths", 
##         "lead.b6.body.language", "lead.b7.describe.thoughts", 
##         "lead.b8.communicate.different", "lead.b9.listen.effectively", 
##         "lead.b10.ask.questions"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  117  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time -0.08
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.92   0.92 0.93 0.53 11.20 0.02  0.92  0.97  0.01
## Time 2   0.93   0.93 0.93 0.56 12.51 0.01  0.94  0.98  0.00
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  -0.02
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.08
## with standard deviation of  0.4 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.97
## R1F  =  0.06 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.11 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.92 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.00    0.00
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.00    0.00
## ID x time        0.26    0.53
## ID x items       0.01    0.03
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.21    0.43
## Total            0.49    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Leadership (Brief - 6-10 only)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Leadership (Brief - 6-10 only) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0%
Q2 0%
Q3 0%
Q4 0%
Q5 0%
Q6 0%
Q7 3%
Q8 0%
Q9 0%
Q10 0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q7     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 21 63.64 66.67
4 9 27.27 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 24 72.73 75.76
4 6 18.18 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I set goals and work towards them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 5 15.15 18.18
3 16 48.48 66.67
4 9 27.27 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 18 54.55 57.58
4 14 42.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 6 18.18 21.21
3 17 51.52 72.73
4 6 18.18 90.91
I don’t understand this question 3 9.09 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 6.06 6.06
2 2 6.06 12.12
3 15 45.45 57.58
4 10 30.30 87.88
I don’t understand this question 4 12.12 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.12 3.12
2 1 3.12 6.25
3 23 71.88 78.12
4 7 21.88 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.06 6.06
3 21 63.64 69.70
4 9 27.27 96.97
I don’t understand this question 1 3.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 6.06 6.06
2 1 3.03 9.09
3 21 63.64 72.73
4 8 24.24 96.97
I don’t understand this question 1 3.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I ask questions when I don’t understand something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 2 6.06 9.09
3 22 66.67 75.76
4 8 24.24 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 8/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I have qualities that make me a good leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 21 63.64 66.67
4 9 27.27 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I am interested in growing as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 24 72.73 75.76
4 6 18.18 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I set goals and work toward them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 5 15.15 18.18
3 16 48.48 66.67
4 9 27.27 93.94
I don’t understand this question 2 6.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I learn from mistakes
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.03 3.03
3 18 54.55 57.58
4 14 42.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am aware of my strengths as a leader
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 6 18.18 21.21
3 17 51.52 72.73
4 6 18.18 90.91
I don’t understand this question 3 9.09 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I am aware of body language when talking to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 6.06 6.06
2 2 6.06 12.12
3 15 45.45 57.58
4 10 30.30 87.88
I don’t understand this question 4 12.12 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I can describe my thoughts to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.12 3.12
2 1 3.12 6.25
3 23 71.88 78.12
4 7 21.88 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: If someone does not understand what I’m trying to say, I find a different way to communicate
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.06 6.06
3 21 63.64 69.70
4 9 27.27 96.97
I don’t understand this question 1 3.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I listen effectively
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 6.06 6.06
2 1 3.03 9.09
3 21 63.64 72.73
4 8 24.24 96.97
I don’t understand this question 1 3.03 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I ask questions when I don’t understand some
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 3.03 3.03
2 2 6.06 9.09
3 22 66.67 75.76
4 8 24.24 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 33 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I have qualities that make me a good leader 0.33
I am interested in growing as a leader 0.677
I set goals and work toward them -0.55
I learn from mistakes -0.128
I am aware of my strengths as a leader -0.418
I am aware of body language -1.012
I can describe my thoughts to others -0.925
I find a different way to communicate 0.088
I listen effectively -1.136
I ask questions when I don’t understand something -0.806

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have qualities that make me a good leader I am interested in growing as a leader I set goals and work toward them I learn from mistakes I am aware of my strengths as a leader I am aware of body language I can describe my thoughts to others I find a different way to communicate I listen effectively I ask questions when I don’t understand something
I have qualities that make me a good leader 1.000 0.663 0.708 0.738 0.516 0.620 0.638 0.686 0.693 0.448
I am interested in growing as a leader 0.663 1.000 0.530 0.539 0.606 0.419 0.502 0.661 0.552 0.503
I set goals and work toward them 0.708 0.530 1.000 0.833 0.524 0.629 0.653 0.645 0.541 0.485
I learn from mistakes 0.738 0.539 0.833 1.000 0.629 0.644 0.843 0.819 0.659 0.423
I am aware of my strengths as a leader 0.516 0.606 0.524 0.629 1.000 0.655 0.779 0.601 0.611 0.787
I am aware of body language 0.620 0.419 0.629 0.644 0.655 1.000 0.651 0.539 0.625 0.563
I can describe my thoughts to others 0.638 0.502 0.653 0.843 0.779 0.651 1.000 0.676 0.662 0.665
I find a different way to communicate 0.686 0.661 0.645 0.819 0.601 0.539 0.676 1.000 0.598 0.556
I listen effectively 0.693 0.552 0.541 0.659 0.611 0.625 0.662 0.598 1.000 0.669
I ask questions when I don’t understand something 0.448 0.503 0.485 0.423 0.787 0.563 0.665 0.556 0.669 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have qualities that make me a good leader
  • Q2 = I am interested in growing as a leader
  • Q3 = I set goals and work toward them
  • Q4 = I learn from mistakes
  • Q5 = I am aware of my strengths as a leader
  • Q6 = I am aware of body language
  • Q7 = I can describe my thoughts to others
  • Q8 = I find a different way to communicate
  • Q9 = I listen effectively
  • Q10 = I ask questions when I don’t understand something

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 33
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.84

Self-esteem

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Self-esteem questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: One item exceeds the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 4.56%
Q2 4.89%
Q3 0.65%
Q4 0.33%
Q5 0.65%
Q6 1.30%
Q7 0.98%
Q8 0.33%
Q9 0.98%
Q10 1.95% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1    14
##        Q2    15
##        Q3     2
##        Q4     1
##        Q5     2
##        Q6     4
##        Q7     3
##        Q8     1
##        Q9     3
##       Q10     6

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I like myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.75 3.75
2 8 2.73 6.48
3 95 32.42 38.91
4 179 61.09 100.00
<NA> 14 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I think that I matter
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 12 4.11 4.11
2 13 4.45 8.56
3 97 33.22 41.78
4 170 58.22 100.00
<NA> 15 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I have a lot of qualities that I like
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.61 3.61
2 12 3.93 7.54
3 134 43.93 51.48
4 148 48.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I am able to do most things as well as other people
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 4.25 4.25
2 21 6.86 11.11
3 164 53.59 64.71
4 108 35.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I have a lot to be proud of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.62 2.62
2 23 7.54 10.16
3 125 40.98 51.15
4 149 48.85 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I feel useful
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.63 3.63
2 16 5.28 8.91
3 142 46.86 55.78
4 134 44.22 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.63 2.63
2 12 3.95 6.58
3 138 45.39 51.97
4 146 48.03 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I have respect for myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.59 3.59
2 9 2.94 6.54
3 114 37.25 43.79
4 172 56.21 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I feel I can succeed
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 2.96 2.96
2 10 3.29 6.25
3 119 39.14 45.39
4 166 54.61 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I am kind to myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.65 3.65
2 10 3.32 6.98
3 125 41.53 48.50
4 155 51.50 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 6/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I like myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.75 3.75
2 8 2.73 6.48
3 95 32.42 38.91
4 179 61.09 100.00
<NA> 14 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I think that I matter
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 12 4.11 4.11
2 13 4.45 8.56
3 97 33.22 41.78
4 170 58.22 100.00
<NA> 15 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I have a lot of qualities that I like
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.61 3.61
2 12 3.93 7.54
3 134 43.93 51.48
4 148 48.52 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I am able to do most things as well as other people
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 4.25 4.25
2 21 6.86 11.11
3 164 53.59 64.71
4 108 35.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I have a lot to be proud of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.62 2.62
2 23 7.54 10.16
3 125 40.98 51.15
4 149 48.85 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I feel useful
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.63 3.63
2 16 5.28 8.91
3 142 46.86 55.78
4 134 44.22 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.63 2.63
2 12 3.95 6.58
3 138 45.39 51.97
4 146 48.03 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I have respect for myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.59 3.59
2 9 2.94 6.54
3 114 37.25 43.79
4 172 56.21 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I feel I can succeed
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 9 2.96 2.96
2 10 3.29 6.25
3 119 39.14 45.39
4 166 54.61 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I am kind to myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.65 3.65
2 10 3.32 6.98
3 125 41.53 48.50
4 155 51.50 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 307 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I like myself -1.702
I think that I matter -1.532
I have a lot of qualities that I like -1.268
I am able to do most things as well as other people -0.96
I have a lot to be proud of -1.079
I feel useful -1.124
I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others -1.165
I have respect for myself -1.522
I feel I can succeed -1.412
I am kind to myself -1.372

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I like myself I think that I matter I have a lot of qualities that I like I am able to do most things as well as other people I have a lot to be proud of I feel useful I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others I have respect for myself I feel I can succeed I am kind to myself
I like myself 1.000 0.782 0.538 0.533 0.558 0.576 0.600 0.628 0.626 0.577
I think that I matter 0.782 1.000 0.558 0.507 0.555 0.586 0.637 0.624 0.619 0.605
I have a lot of qualities that I like 0.538 0.558 1.000 0.553 0.621 0.568 0.610 0.618 0.621 0.467
I am able to do most things as well as other people 0.533 0.507 0.553 1.000 0.551 0.588 0.514 0.539 0.528 0.437
I have a lot to be proud of 0.558 0.555 0.621 0.551 1.000 0.626 0.676 0.617 0.628 0.495
I feel useful 0.576 0.586 0.568 0.588 0.626 1.000 0.659 0.604 0.579 0.545
I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others 0.600 0.637 0.610 0.514 0.676 0.659 1.000 0.645 0.692 0.605
I have respect for myself 0.628 0.624 0.618 0.539 0.617 0.604 0.645 1.000 0.653 0.629
I feel I can succeed 0.626 0.619 0.621 0.528 0.628 0.579 0.692 0.653 1.000 0.593
I am kind to myself 0.577 0.605 0.467 0.437 0.495 0.545 0.605 0.629 0.593 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I like myself
  • Q2 = I think that I matter
  • Q3 = I have a lot of qualities that I like
  • Q4 = I am able to do most things as well as other people
  • Q5 = I have a lot to be proud of
  • Q6 = I feel useful
  • Q7 = I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
  • Q8 = I have respect for myself
  • Q9 = I feel I can succeed
  • Q10 = I am kind to myself

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 325
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.965

Test-retest reliability

## Warning in inner_join(self.esteem.pre, self.esteem.post, by = c("ID", "Cycle"), : Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
## ℹ Row 89 of `x` matches multiple rows in `y`.
## ℹ Row 73 of `y` matches multiple rows in `x`.
## ℹ If a many-to-many relationship is expected, set `relationship =
##   "many-to-many"` to silence this warning.
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(self.esteem.trt), time = "Time", 
##     select = c("se1.like.myself", "se2.matter", "se3.qualities.like", 
##         "se4.do.things", "se5.proud", "se6.useful", "se7.worthwhile", 
##         "se8.respect", "se9.succeed", "se10.kind"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  105  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time 0.02
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.96   0.96 0.97 0.70 22.96  0  0.97  0.93  0.01
## Time 2   0.97   0.97 0.98 0.79 37.74  0  0.99  0.93  0.00
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  0.01
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.06
## with standard deviation of  0.39 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  1.01
## R1F  =  0.02 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.03 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.97 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.00    0.00
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.00    0.01
## ID x time        0.38    0.73
## ID x items       0.00    0.00
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.14    0.26
## Total            0.52    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Self-esteem (6-point)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Self-esteem (6-point) questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: One item exceeds the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 2.54%
Q2 4.24%
Q3 3.39%
Q4 3.39%
Q5 2.54%
Q6 2.54%
Q7 2.54%
Q8 2.54%
Q9 3.39%
Q10 2.54% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     3
##        Q2     5
##        Q3     4
##        Q4     4
##        Q5     3
##        Q6     3
##        Q7     3
##        Q8     3
##        Q9     4
##       Q10     3

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I like myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.48 3.48
2 6 5.22 8.70
4 36 31.30 40.00
5 22 19.13 59.13
6 47 40.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I think that I matter
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.65 2.65
2 4 3.54 6.19
3 1 0.88 7.08
4 21 18.58 25.66
5 12 10.62 36.28
6 35 30.97 67.26
Always 15 13.27 80.53
Ocassionally 3 2.65 83.19
Often 12 10.62 93.81
Rarely 2 1.77 95.58
Sometimes 5 4.42 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I have a lot of qualities that I like
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.75 1.75
2 2 1.75 3.51
3 3 2.63 6.14
4 39 34.21 40.35
5 25 21.93 62.28
6 43 37.72 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I am able to do most things as well as other people
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.88 0.88
2 7 6.14 7.02
3 2 1.75 8.77
4 24 21.05 29.82
5 20 17.54 47.37
6 23 20.18 67.54
Always 10 8.77 76.32
Ocassionally 5 4.39 80.70
Often 16 14.04 94.74
Sometimes 6 5.26 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I have a lot to be proud of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.61 2.61
2 4 3.48 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 36 31.30 39.13
5 22 19.13 58.26
6 48 41.74 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I feel useful
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.87 0.87
2 6 5.22 6.09
3 3 2.61 8.70
4 23 20.00 28.70
5 17 14.78 43.48
6 28 24.35 67.83
Always 16 13.91 81.74
Never 1 0.87 82.61
Ocassionally 1 0.87 83.48
Often 12 10.43 93.91
Sometimes 7 6.09 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.61 2.61
2 6 5.22 7.83
4 36 31.30 39.13
5 27 23.48 62.61
6 43 37.39 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I have respect for myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 4.35 4.35
2 2 1.74 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 28 24.35 32.17
5 11 9.57 41.74
6 30 26.09 67.83
Always 23 20.00 87.83
Ocassionally 2 1.74 89.57
Often 9 7.83 97.39
Rarely 1 0.87 98.26
Sometimes 2 1.74 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I feel I can succeed
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.75 1.75
2 2 1.75 3.51
3 3 2.63 6.14
4 38 33.33 39.47
5 27 23.68 63.16
6 42 36.84 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I am kind to myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.48 3.48
2 3 2.61 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 25 21.74 29.57
5 14 12.17 41.74
6 30 26.09 67.83
Always 22 19.13 86.96
Ocassionally 3 2.61 89.57
Often 8 6.96 96.52
Rarely 1 0.87 97.39
Sometimes 3 2.61 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 7/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I like myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.48 3.48
2 6 5.22 8.70
4 36 31.30 40.00
5 22 19.13 59.13
6 47 40.87 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I think that I matter
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.65 2.65
2 4 3.54 6.19
3 1 0.88 7.08
4 21 18.58 25.66
5 12 10.62 36.28
6 35 30.97 67.26
Always 15 13.27 80.53
Ocassionally 3 2.65 83.19
Often 12 10.62 93.81
Rarely 2 1.77 95.58
Sometimes 5 4.42 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I have a lot of qualities that I like
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.75 1.75
2 2 1.75 3.51
3 3 2.63 6.14
4 39 34.21 40.35
5 25 21.93 62.28
6 43 37.72 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I am able to do most things as well as other people
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.88 0.88
2 7 6.14 7.02
3 2 1.75 8.77
4 24 21.05 29.82
5 20 17.54 47.37
6 23 20.18 67.54
Always 10 8.77 76.32
Ocassionally 5 4.39 80.70
Often 16 14.04 94.74
Sometimes 6 5.26 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I have a lot to be proud of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.61 2.61
2 4 3.48 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 36 31.30 39.13
5 22 19.13 58.26
6 48 41.74 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I feel useful
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.87 0.87
2 6 5.22 6.09
3 3 2.61 8.70
4 23 20.00 28.70
5 17 14.78 43.48
6 28 24.35 67.83
Always 16 13.91 81.74
Never 1 0.87 82.61
Ocassionally 1 0.87 83.48
Often 12 10.43 93.91
Sometimes 7 6.09 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 2.61 2.61
2 6 5.22 7.83
4 36 31.30 39.13
5 27 23.48 62.61
6 43 37.39 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I have respect for myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 4.35 4.35
2 2 1.74 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 28 24.35 32.17
5 11 9.57 41.74
6 30 26.09 67.83
Always 23 20.00 87.83
Ocassionally 2 1.74 89.57
Often 9 7.83 97.39
Rarely 1 0.87 98.26
Sometimes 2 1.74 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I feel I can succeed
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.75 1.75
2 2 1.75 3.51
3 3 2.63 6.14
4 38 33.33 39.47
5 27 23.68 63.16
6 42 36.84 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I am kind to myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 3.48 3.48
2 3 2.61 6.09
3 2 1.74 7.83
4 25 21.74 29.57
5 14 12.17 41.74
6 30 26.09 67.83
Always 22 19.13 86.96
Ocassionally 3 2.61 89.57
Often 8 6.96 96.52
Rarely 1 0.87 97.39
Sometimes 3 2.61 100.00
<NA> 3 NA NA
Total 118 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

## Warning in lapply(self.esteem.6.skew[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by
## coercion

## Warning in lapply(self.esteem.6.skew[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by
## coercion

## Warning in lapply(self.esteem.6.skew[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by
## coercion

## Warning in lapply(self.esteem.6.skew[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by
## coercion

## Warning in lapply(self.esteem.6.skew[7:16], as.numeric): NAs introduced by
## coercion
Question Skewness
I like myself -1.123
I think that I matter -1.165
I have a lot of qualities that I like -0.898
I am able to do most things as well as other people -0.795
I have a lot to be proud of -1.082
I feel useful -0.818
I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others -1.1
I have respect for myself -1.011
I feel I can succeed -0.923
I am kind to myself -1.047

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I like myself I think that I matter I have a lot of qualities that I like I am able to do most things as well as other people I have a lot to be proud of I feel useful I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others I have respect for myself I feel I can succeed I am kind to myself
I like myself 1.000 0.725 0.605 0.535 0.640 0.540 0.668 0.653 0.597 0.605
I think that I matter 0.725 1.000 0.672 0.625 0.616 0.647 0.649 0.669 0.629 0.625
I have a lot of qualities that I like 0.605 0.672 1.000 0.603 0.654 0.665 0.684 0.596 0.622 0.635
I am able to do most things as well as other people 0.535 0.625 0.603 1.000 0.597 0.714 0.559 0.531 NaN 0.568
I have a lot to be proud of 0.640 0.616 0.654 0.597 1.000 0.572 0.744 0.584 0.639 0.600
I feel useful 0.540 0.647 0.665 0.714 0.572 1.000 0.588 0.637 NaN 0.693
I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others 0.668 0.649 0.684 0.559 0.744 0.588 1.000 0.621 0.737 0.636
I have respect for myself 0.653 0.669 0.596 0.531 0.584 0.637 0.621 1.000 0.656 0.728
I feel I can succeed 0.597 0.629 0.622 NaN 0.639 NaN 0.737 0.656 1.000 0.735
I am kind to myself 0.605 0.625 0.635 0.568 0.600 0.693 0.636 0.728 0.735 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I like myself
  • Q2 = I think that I matter
  • Q3 = I have a lot of qualities that I like
  • Q4 = I am able to do most things as well as other people
  • Q5 = I have a lot to be proud of
  • Q6 = I feel useful
  • Q7 = I am a worthwhile person, at least equal to others
  • Q8 = I have respect for myself
  • Q9 = I feel I can succeed
  • Q10 = I am kind to myself

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 33
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.93

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Test-retest validity cannot be assessed for the 6-point scale, as there are no IDs in the 6-point data.

Social capital

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Social capital questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.28%
Q2 0.00%
Q3 0.28%
Q4 0.00%
Q5 0.28%
Q6 0.28%
Q7 0.28%
Q8 0.28%
Q9 0.56%
Q10 0.56% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     1
##        Q3     1
##        Q5     1
##        Q6     1
##        Q7     1
##        Q8     1
##        Q9     2
##       Q10     2

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I know someone who will help me if I really need it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 2.81 2.81
2 36 10.11 12.92
3 170 47.75 60.67
4 140 39.33 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m under stress
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.08 3.08
2 51 14.29 17.37
3 162 45.38 62.75
4 133 37.25 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I think people depend on me for help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.25 2.25
2 75 21.07 23.31
3 194 54.49 77.81
4 79 22.19 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I think there are people who enjoy the same activites I do
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.40 1.40
2 18 5.04 6.44
3 192 53.78 60.22
4 142 39.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I am responsible for another person’s well being
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 20 5.62 5.62
2 106 29.78 35.39
3 160 44.94 80.34
4 70 19.66 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 3.65 3.65
2 88 24.72 28.37
3 197 55.34 83.71
4 58 16.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 1.97 1.97
2 38 10.67 12.64
3 193 54.21 66.85
4 118 33.15 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I have close relationships with people that I can trust
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.12 1.12
2 23 6.46 7.58
3 156 43.82 51.40
4 173 48.60 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 2.82 2.82
2 25 7.04 9.86
3 153 43.10 52.96
4 167 47.04 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I have relationships where my strengths are recognized
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.41 1.41
2 36 10.14 11.55
3 176 49.58 61.13
4 138 38.87 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 4/10 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I know someone who will help me if I really need it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 2.81 2.81
2 36 10.11 12.92
3 170 47.75 60.67
4 140 39.33 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m under stress
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 11 3.08 3.08
2 51 14.29 17.37
3 162 45.38 62.75
4 133 37.25 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I think people depend on me for help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 8 2.25 2.25
2 75 21.07 23.31
3 194 54.49 77.81
4 79 22.19 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I think there are people who enjoy the same activities I do
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.40 1.40
2 18 5.04 6.44
3 192 53.78 60.22
4 142 39.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I am responsible for another person’s well being
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 20 5.62 5.62
2 106 29.78 35.39
3 160 44.94 80.34
4 70 19.66 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 13 3.65 3.65
2 88 24.72 28.37
3 197 55.34 83.71
4 58 16.29 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 7 1.97 1.97
2 38 10.67 12.64
3 193 54.21 66.85
4 118 33.15 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I have close relationships with people that I can trust
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 4 1.12 1.12
2 23 6.46 7.58
3 156 43.82 51.40
4 173 48.60 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 10 2.82 2.82
2 25 7.04 9.86
3 153 43.10 52.96
4 167 47.04 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00
Table 4j: I have relationships where my strengths are recognized
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 5 1.41 1.41
2 36 10.14 11.55
3 176 49.58 61.13
4 138 38.87 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 357 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I know someone who will help me if I really need it -0.821
I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m under stress -0.691
I think people depend on me for help -0.308
I think there are people who enjoy the same activites I do -0.716
I am responsible for another person’s well being -0.198
People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs -0.314
If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance -0.619
I have close relationships with people that I can trust -0.882
I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life -1.067
I have relationships where my strengths are recognized -0.649

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I know someone who will help me if I really need it I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m unders tress I think people depend on me for help I think there are people who enjoy the same activities I do I am responsible for another person’s well being People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance I have close relationships with people that I can trust I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life I have relationships where my strengths are recognized
I know someone who will help me if I really need it 1.000 0.571 0.188 0.360 0.130 0.242 0.377 0.400 0.402 0.396
I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m unders tress 0.571 1.000 0.231 0.360 0.176 0.252 0.425 0.448 0.471 0.442
I think people depend on me for help 0.188 0.231 1.000 0.420 0.398 0.264 0.282 0.231 0.174 0.235
I think there are people who enjoy the same activities I do 0.360 0.360 0.420 1.000 0.277 0.268 0.464 0.486 0.325 0.445
I am responsible for another person’s well being 0.130 0.176 0.398 0.277 1.000 0.250 0.240 0.192 0.167 0.278
People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs 0.242 0.252 0.264 0.268 0.250 1.000 0.289 0.289 0.234 0.402
If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance 0.377 0.425 0.282 0.464 0.240 0.289 1.000 0.514 0.416 0.430
I have close relationships with people that I can trust 0.400 0.448 0.231 0.486 0.192 0.289 0.514 1.000 0.541 0.541
I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life 0.402 0.471 0.174 0.325 0.167 0.234 0.416 0.541 1.000 0.447
I have relationships where my strengths are recognized 0.396 0.442 0.235 0.445 0.278 0.402 0.430 0.541 0.447 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I know someone who will help me if I really need it
  • Q2 = I have someone I can turn to for guidance when I’m under stress
  • Q3 = I think people depend on me for help
  • Q4 = I think there are people who enjoy the same activities I do
  • Q5 = I am responsible for another person’s well being
  • Q6 = People in my community share my attitudes and beliefs
  • Q7 = If something went wrong, there is someone who would come to my assistance
  • Q8 = I have close relationships with people that I can trust
  • Q9 = I have someone I can talk to about important decisions in my life
  • Q10 = I have relationships where my strengths are recognized

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 357
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.857

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## Warning in cor.smooth(r): Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done

## Warning in cor.smooth(r): Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done
## Warning in principal(r = r, nfactors = nfactors, residuals = residuals, : The
## matrix is not positive semi-definite, scores found from Structure loadings
## Some items were negatively correlated with total scale and were automatically reversed.
##  This is indicated by a negative sign for the variable name.
## In smc, smcs > 1 were set to 1.0
## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(social.cap.trt), time = "Time", 
##     select = c("sc1.help.me", "sc2.guidance", "sc3.depend.help", 
##         "sc4.same.activities", "sc5.well.being", "sc6.share.belief", 
##         "sc7.assistance", "sc8.close.relationship", "sc9.talk.decision", 
##         "sc10.strength.recognized"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  12  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time -0.45
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r  S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.82   0.84 0.99 0.34 5.12 0.07  0.54  0.81  0.10
## Time 2   0.80   0.77 0.91 0.25 3.27 0.07  0.33  0.78  0.16
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  -0.25
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.12
## with standard deviation of  0.48 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  0.9
## R1F  =  0 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.81 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.00    0.00
## Time             0.01    0.02
## Items            0.02    0.04
## ID x time        0.11    0.28
## ID x items       0.00    0.00
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.25    0.66
## Total            0.38    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Ready for Work

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Ready for Work questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.0%
Q2 0.0%
Q3 0.0%
Q4 0.0%
Q5 0.0%
Q6 0.0%
Q7 0.0%
Q8 0.0%
Q9 1.7% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q9     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I know what type of work suits my interests
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 2 3.33 5.00
3 46 76.67 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I know what type of work suits my skills
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 6 10.00 10.00
3 37 61.67 71.67
4 17 28.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I have the skills I need to search for a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 4 6.67 6.67
3 47 78.33 85.00
4 9 15.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I have the skills I need to get a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 3 5.00 6.67
3 42 70.00 76.67
4 14 23.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to write an effective resume
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 4 6.67 8.33
3 44 73.33 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I know how to prepare for a job interview
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 11 18.33 20.00
3 43 71.67 91.67
4 5 8.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 10 16.67 18.33
3 38 63.33 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 1.67 1.67
3 30 50.00 51.67
4 29 48.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 1 1.69 3.39
3 26 44.07 47.46
4 31 52.54 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 9/9 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I know what type of work suits my interests
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 2 3.33 5.00
3 46 76.67 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I know what type of work suits my skills
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 6 10.00 10.00
3 37 61.67 71.67
4 17 28.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I have the skills I need to search for a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 4 6.67 6.67
3 47 78.33 85.00
4 9 15.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I have the skills I need to get a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 3 5.00 6.67
3 42 70.00 76.67
4 14 23.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I know how to write an effective resume
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 4 6.67 8.33
3 44 73.33 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I know how to prepare for a job interview
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 11 18.33 20.00
3 43 71.67 91.67
4 5 8.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.67 1.67
2 10 16.67 18.33
3 38 63.33 81.67
4 11 18.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 1.67 1.67
3 30 50.00 51.67
4 29 48.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 1 1.69 3.39
3 26 44.07 47.46
4 31 52.54 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 60 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I know what type of work suits my interests -0.566
I know what type of work suits my skills -0.073
I have the skills I need to search for a job 0.316
I have the skills I need to get a job -0.538
I know how to write an effective resume -0.549
I know how to prepare for a job interview -0.591
Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it -0.357
I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts -0.201
Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it -1.181

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I know what type of work suits my interests I know what type of work suits my skills I have the skills I need to search for a job I have the skills I need to get a job I know how to write an effective resume I know how to prepare for a job interview Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
I know what type of work suits my interests 1.000 0.623 0.224 0.268 0.230 0.213 0.653 0.749 0.167
I know what type of work suits my skills 0.623 1.000 0.209 0.250 0.163 0.254 0.406 0.410 0.338
I have the skills I need to search for a job 0.224 0.209 1.000 0.492 0.453 0.407 0.283 0.246 0.408
I have the skills I need to get a job 0.268 0.250 0.492 1.000 0.638 0.599 0.274 0.285 0.242
I know how to write an effective resume 0.230 0.163 0.453 0.638 1.000 0.646 0.241 0.178 0.232
I know how to prepare for a job interview 0.213 0.254 0.407 0.599 0.646 1.000 0.427 0.263 0.190
Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it 0.653 0.406 0.283 0.274 0.241 0.427 1.000 0.773 0.279
I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts 0.749 0.410 0.246 0.285 0.178 0.263 0.773 1.000 0.452
Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it 0.167 0.338 0.408 0.242 0.232 0.190 0.279 0.452 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I know what type of work suits my interests
  • Q2 = I know what type of work suits my skills
  • Q3 = I have the skills I need to search for a job
  • Q4 = I have the skills I need to get a job
  • Q5 = I know how to write an effective resume
  • Q6 = I know how to prepare for a job interview
  • Q7 = Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
  • Q8 = I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
  • Q9 = Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 60
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.748

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Test-retest validity cannot be assessed as there are no post data.

Ready for Work (6-point)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Ready for Work questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0%
Q2 0%
Q3 0%
Q4 0%
Q5 0%
Q6 0%
Q7 0%
Q8 0%
Q9 0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
## [1] Variable Count   
## <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I know what type of work suits my interests
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 5.56 5.56
4 4 22.22 27.78
5 8 44.44 72.22
6 5 27.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I know what type of work suits my skills
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 5.56 5.56
3 2 11.11 16.67
4 2 11.11 27.78
5 7 38.89 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I have the skills I need to search for a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 5.56 5.56
3 1 5.56 11.11
4 3 16.67 27.78
5 7 38.89 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I have the skills I need to get a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 3 16.67 16.67
5 9 50.00 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to write an effective resume
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 5.56 5.56
3 1 5.56 11.11
4 2 11.11 22.22
5 10 55.56 77.78
6 4 22.22 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I know how to prepare for a job interview
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 4 22.22 22.22
5 8 44.44 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 1 5.56 5.56
4 1 5.56 11.11
5 11 61.11 72.22
6 5 27.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 1 5.56 5.56
5 10 55.56 61.11
6 7 38.89 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 2 11.11 11.11
5 6 33.33 44.44
6 10 55.56 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 9/9 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 4a: I know what type of work suits my interests
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 5.56 5.56
4 4 22.22 27.78
5 8 44.44 72.22
6 5 27.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4b: I know what type of work suits my skills
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 5.56 5.56
3 2 11.11 16.67
4 2 11.11 27.78
5 7 38.89 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4c: I have the skills I need to search for a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 5.56 5.56
3 1 5.56 11.11
4 3 16.67 27.78
5 7 38.89 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4d: I have the skills I need to get a job
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 3 16.67 16.67
5 9 50.00 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4e: I know how to write an effective resume
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 5.56 5.56
3 1 5.56 11.11
4 2 11.11 22.22
5 10 55.56 77.78
6 4 22.22 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4f: I know how to prepare for a job interview
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 4 22.22 22.22
5 8 44.44 66.67
6 6 33.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4g: Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 1 5.56 5.56
4 1 5.56 11.11
5 11 61.11 72.22
6 5 27.78 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4h: I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 1 5.56 5.56
5 10 55.56 61.11
6 7 38.89 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00
Table 4i: Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
4 2 11.11 11.11
5 6 33.33 44.44
6 10 55.56 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 18 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I know what type of work suits my interests -1.135
I know what type of work suits my skills -0.933
I have the skills I need to search for a job -1.524
I have the skills I need to get a job -0.228
I know how to write an effective resume -1.789
I know how to prepare for a job interview -0.178
Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it -1.011
I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts -0.192
Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it -0.837

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I know what type of work suits my interests I know what type of work suits my skills I have the skills I need to search for a job I have the skills I need to get a job I know how to write an effective resume I know how to prepare for a job interview Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it
I know what type of work suits my interests 1.000 0.860 0.724 0.604 0.458 0.557 0.576 0.497 0.339
I know what type of work suits my skills 0.860 1.000 0.742 0.722 0.502 0.650 0.712 0.522 0.510
I have the skills I need to search for a job 0.724 0.742 1.000 0.739 0.607 0.697 0.475 0.471 0.352
I have the skills I need to get a job 0.604 0.722 0.739 1.000 0.412 0.600 0.582 0.374 0.408
I know how to write an effective resume 0.458 0.502 0.607 0.412 1.000 0.638 0.352 0.529 0.671
I know how to prepare for a job interview 0.557 0.650 0.697 0.600 0.638 1.000 0.619 0.510 0.418
Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it 0.576 0.712 0.475 0.582 0.352 0.619 1.000 0.406 0.557
I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts 0.497 0.522 0.471 0.374 0.529 0.510 0.406 1.000 0.535
Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it 0.339 0.510 0.352 0.408 0.671 0.418 0.557 0.535 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I know what type of work suits my interests
  • Q2 = I know what type of work suits my skills
  • Q3 = I have the skills I need to search for a job
  • Q4 = I have the skills I need to get a job
  • Q5 = I know how to write an effective resume
  • Q6 = I know how to prepare for a job interview
  • Q7 = Once I get a job interview, I will be able to perform well in it
  • Q8 = I will find work, even if it takes multiple attempts
  • Q9 = Once I find a job, I will be able to succeed in it

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 9
Sample Units 18
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.787

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Test-retest validity cannot be assessed as there are no post data.

Grisilience

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Grisilience questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 4.38%
Q2 4.38%
Q3 3.65%
Q4 3.65%
Q5 3.65%
Q6 3.65%
Q7 5.11%
Q8 3.65%
Q9 3.65%
Q10 4.38%
Q11 4.38%
Q12 2.92%
Q13 2.92%
Q14 3.65%
Q15 3.65%
Q16 3.65%
Q17 3.65%
Q18 3.65%
Q19 3.65%
Q20 8.03% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q1     6
##        Q2     6
##        Q3     5
##        Q4     5
##        Q5     5
##        Q6     5
##        Q7     7
##        Q8     5
##        Q9     5
##       Q10     6
##       Q11     6
##       Q12     4
##       Q13     4
##       Q14     5
##       Q15     5
##       Q16     5
##       Q17     5
##       Q18     5
##       Q19     5
##       Q20    11

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: Education is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
3 40 30.53 31.30
4 90 68.70 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am treated fairly in my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.53 1.53
2 1 0.76 2.29
3 65 49.62 51.91
4 63 48.09 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 2 1.52 2.27
3 34 25.76 28.03
4 95 71.97 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 1 0.76 1.52
3 45 34.09 35.61
4 85 64.39 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 6 4.55 6.06
3 58 43.94 50.00
4 66 50.00 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I know where to go in my community to get help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 11 8.33 9.09
3 61 46.21 55.30
4 59 44.70 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I solve problems without harming myself or others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.77 0.77
2 2 1.54 2.31
3 61 46.92 49.23
4 66 50.77 100.00
<NA> 7 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I try to finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 3 2.27 3.79
3 60 45.45 49.24
4 67 50.76 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: My family knows a lot about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 10 7.58 8.33
3 42 31.82 40.15
4 79 59.85 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: My family will stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 2 1.53 2.29
3 39 29.77 32.06
4 89 67.94 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: My friends stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 3 2.29 3.05
3 53 40.46 43.51
4 74 56.49 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3l: New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.75 0.75
2 18 13.53 14.29
3 68 51.13 65.41
4 46 34.59 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3m: When working on something I care about I follow through until its done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.75 0.75
2 5 3.76 4.51
3 62 46.62 51.13
4 65 48.87 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3n: Obstacles do not discourage me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 12 9.09 10.61
3 63 47.73 58.33
4 55 41.67 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3o: I bounce back from setbacks quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 11 8.33 9.09
3 62 46.97 56.06
4 58 43.94 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3p: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 4 3.03 3.79
3 47 35.61 39.39
4 80 60.61 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3q: I often set a goal and choose to follow it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 3 2.27 3.03
3 63 47.73 50.76
4 65 49.24 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3r: I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 11 8.33 9.85
3 56 42.42 52.27
4 63 47.73 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3s: I finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 6 4.55 5.30
3 59 44.70 50.00
4 66 50.00 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3t: I work smart
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.79 0.79
2 3 2.38 3.17
3 52 41.27 44.44
4 70 55.56 100.00
<NA> 11 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 13/20 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

Table 3a: Education is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
3 40 30.53 31.30
4 90 68.70 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am treated fairly in my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.53 1.53
2 1 0.76 2.29
3 65 49.62 51.91
4 63 48.09 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 2 1.52 2.27
3 34 25.76 28.03
4 95 71.97 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 1 0.76 1.52
3 45 34.09 35.61
4 85 64.39 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 6 4.55 6.06
3 58 43.94 50.00
4 66 50.00 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I know where to go in my community to get help
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 11 8.33 9.09
3 61 46.21 55.30
4 59 44.70 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I solve problems without harming myself or others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.77 0.77
2 2 1.54 2.31
3 61 46.92 49.23
4 66 50.77 100.00
<NA> 7 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I try to finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 3 2.27 3.79
3 60 45.45 49.24
4 67 50.76 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: My family knows a lot about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 10 7.58 8.33
3 42 31.82 40.15
4 79 59.85 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: My family will stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 2 1.53 2.29
3 39 29.77 32.06
4 89 67.94 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: My friends stand by me during difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 3 2.29 3.05
3 53 40.46 43.51
4 74 56.49 100.00
<NA> 6 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3l: New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.75 0.75
2 18 13.53 14.29
3 68 51.13 65.41
4 46 34.59 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3m: When working on something I care about I follow through until its done
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.75 0.75
2 5 3.76 4.51
3 62 46.62 51.13
4 65 48.87 100.00
<NA> 4 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3n: Obstacles do not discourage me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 12 9.09 10.61
3 63 47.73 58.33
4 55 41.67 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3o: I bounce back from setbacks quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 11 8.33 9.09
3 62 46.97 56.06
4 58 43.94 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3p: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 4 3.03 3.79
3 47 35.61 39.39
4 80 60.61 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3q: I often set a goal and choose to follow it
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 3 2.27 3.03
3 63 47.73 50.76
4 65 49.24 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3r: I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 1.52 1.52
2 11 8.33 9.85
3 56 42.42 52.27
4 63 47.73 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3s: I finish what I start
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.76 0.76
2 6 4.55 5.30
3 59 44.70 50.00
4 66 50.00 100.00
<NA> 5 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00
Table 3t: I work smart
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 0.79 0.79
2 3 2.38 3.17
3 52 41.27 44.44
4 70 55.56 100.00
<NA> 11 NA NA
Total 137 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
Education is important to me -1.556
I am treated fairly in my community -0.976
I enjoy my cultural and family traditions -1.815
I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life -1.338
I have people I look up to -1.026
I know where to go in my community to get help -0.682
I solve problems without harming myself or others -0.776
I try to finish what I start -1.068
My family knows a lot about me -1.169
My family will stand by me during difficult times -1.563
My friends stand by me during difficult times -1.024
New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one -0.413
When working on something I care about I follow through until its done -0.772
Obstacles do not discourage me -0.742
I bounce back from setbacks quickly -0.661
I work hard -1.213
I often set a goal and choose to follow it -0.745
I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete -0.903
I finish what I start -0.825
I work smart -1.002

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Education is important to me I am treated fairly in my community I enjoy my cultural and family traditions I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life I have people I look up to I know where to go in my community to get help I solve problems without harming myself or others I try to finish what I start My family knows a lot about me My family will stand by me during difficult times My friends stand by me during difficult times New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one When working on something I care about I follow through until its done Obstacles do not discourage me I bounce back from setbacks quickly I work hard I often set a goal and choose to follow it I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete I finish what I start I work smart
Education is important to me 1.000 0.548 0.811 0.818 0.573 0.748 0.737 0.574 0.777 0.782 0.761 0.772 0.773 0.563 0.751 0.777 0.765 0.562 0.766 0.766
I am treated fairly in my community 0.548 1.000 0.462 0.489 0.373 0.493 NaN 0.417 0.513 0.481 0.497 0.475 0.476 0.388 0.495 0.481 0.467 0.410 0.515 0.499
I enjoy my cultural and family traditions 0.811 0.462 1.000 0.645 0.487 0.613 0.630 0.460 0.629 0.701 0.651 0.620 0.641 0.469 0.624 0.644 0.648 0.477 0.644 0.675
I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life 0.818 0.489 0.645 1.000 0.495 0.648 0.655 0.507 0.630 0.657 0.719 0.636 0.658 0.479 0.642 0.664 0.670 0.506 0.647 0.628
I have people I look up to 0.573 0.373 0.487 0.495 1.000 0.484 0.481 0.421 0.478 0.467 0.469 0.453 0.477 0.375 0.470 0.491 0.447 0.363 0.480 0.627
I know where to go in my community to get help 0.748 0.493 0.613 0.648 0.484 1.000 0.626 0.490 0.618 0.648 0.610 0.630 0.621 0.463 0.620 0.601 0.614 0.484 0.641 0.652
I solve problems without harming myself or others 0.737 NaN 0.630 0.655 0.481 0.626 1.000 0.553 0.633 0.628 0.666 0.643 0.666 0.522 0.656 0.670 0.693 0.489 0.654 0.716
I try to finish what I start 0.574 0.417 0.460 0.507 0.421 0.490 0.553 1.000 0.527 0.461 0.512 0.515 0.590 0.411 0.540 0.611 0.527 0.472 0.597 0.457
My family knows a lot about me 0.777 0.513 0.629 0.630 0.478 0.618 0.633 0.527 1.000 0.669 0.629 0.605 0.656 0.466 0.626 0.635 0.658 0.475 0.650 0.621
My family will stand by me during difficult times 0.782 0.481 0.701 0.657 0.467 0.648 0.628 0.461 0.669 1.000 0.656 0.616 0.652 0.496 0.636 0.632 0.624 0.503 0.623 0.654
My friends stand by me during difficult times 0.761 0.497 0.651 0.719 0.469 0.610 0.666 0.512 0.629 0.656 1.000 0.655 0.648 0.527 0.687 0.670 0.680 0.478 0.656 0.656
New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one 0.772 0.475 0.620 0.636 0.453 0.630 0.643 0.515 0.605 0.616 0.655 1.000 0.688 0.566 0.680 0.642 0.655 0.505 0.687 0.632
When working on something I care about I follow through until its done 0.773 0.476 0.641 0.658 0.477 0.621 0.666 0.590 0.656 0.652 0.648 0.688 1.000 0.514 0.638 0.682 0.675 0.548 0.711 0.615
Obstacles do not discourage me 0.563 0.388 0.469 0.479 0.375 0.463 0.522 0.411 0.466 0.496 0.527 0.566 0.514 1.000 0.556 0.532 0.492 0.400 0.549 0.503
I bounce back from setbacks quickly 0.751 0.495 0.624 0.642 0.470 0.620 0.656 0.540 0.626 0.636 0.687 0.680 0.638 0.556 1.000 0.694 0.664 0.524 0.662 0.662
I work hard 0.777 0.481 0.644 0.664 0.491 0.601 0.670 0.611 0.635 0.632 0.670 0.642 0.682 0.532 0.694 1.000 0.678 0.528 0.656 0.655
I often set a goal and choose to follow it 0.765 0.467 0.648 0.670 0.447 0.614 0.693 0.527 0.658 0.624 0.680 0.655 0.675 0.492 0.664 0.678 1.000 0.527 0.667 0.650
I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete 0.562 0.410 0.477 0.506 0.363 0.484 0.489 0.472 0.475 0.503 0.478 0.505 0.548 0.400 0.524 0.528 0.527 1.000 0.548 0.528
I finish what I start 0.766 0.515 0.644 0.647 0.480 0.641 0.654 0.597 0.650 0.623 0.656 0.687 0.711 0.549 0.662 0.656 0.667 0.548 1.000 0.634
I work smart 0.766 0.499 0.675 0.628 0.627 0.652 0.716 0.457 0.621 0.654 0.656 0.632 0.615 0.503 0.662 0.655 0.650 0.528 0.634 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = Education is important to me
  • Q2 = I am treated fairly in my community
  • Q3 = I enjoy my cultural and family traditions
  • Q4 = I have opportunities to develop skills that will be useful later in life
  • Q5 = I have people I look up to
  • Q6 = I know where to go in my community to get help
  • Q7 = I solve problems without harming myself or others
  • Q8 = I try to finish what I start
  • Q9 = My family knows a lot about me
  • Q10 = My family will stand by me during difficult times
  • Q11 = My friends stand by me during difficult times
  • Q12 = New ideas and projects don’t distract me from previous one
  • Q13 = When working on something I care about I follow through until its done
  • Q14 = Obstacles do not discourage me
  • Q15 = I bounce back from setbacks quickly
  • Q16 = I work hard
  • Q17 = I often set a goal and choose to follow it
  • Q18 = I can keep my focus on projects that take more than a few months to complete
  • Q19 = I finish what I start
  • Q20 = I work smart

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 20
Sample Units 137
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.946

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Test-retest validity cannot be assessed as there are no post data.

Factor analysis

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##    5.00    6.75    8.50    8.60   10.25   13.00
## Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin factor adequacy
## Call: KMO(r = grz.efa)
## Overall MSA =  0.94
## MSA for each item = 
##        grz.1.education   grz.2.treated.fairly    grz.3.enjoy.culture 
##                   0.94                   0.93                   0.95 
##    grz.4.develop.skill          grz.5.look.up  grz.6.where.community 
##                   0.93                   0.93                   0.94 
##   grz.7.solve.problems     grz.8.finish.start      grz.9.family.know 
##                   0.93                   0.95                   0.90 
##  grz.10.family.standby grz.11.friends.standby       grz.12.new.ideas 
##                   0.92                   0.95                   0.93 
##  grz.13.follow.through       grz.14.obstacles     grz.15.bounce.back 
##                   0.95                   0.92                   0.95 
##       grz.16.work.hard     grz.17.goal.follow           grz.18.focus 
##                   0.96                   0.97                   0.97 
##    grz.19.finish.start      grz.20.work.smart 
##                   0.93                   0.91
## R was not square, finding R from data
## $chisq
## [1] 2181.969
## 
## $p.value
## [1] 0
## 
## $df
## [1] 190
##  [1] 9.7552957 1.1985297 0.9204352 0.8406016 0.8349611 0.7584192 0.6842668
##  [8] 0.5803830 0.5427268 0.4926551 0.4766621 0.4419179 0.4278691 0.4161127
## [15] 0.3306913 0.3203338 0.2887899 0.2682246 0.2139222 0.2072023

## Scree of eigen values 
## Call: NULL
## Eigen values of factors  [1]  9.22  0.66  0.32  0.31  0.26  0.23  0.14  0.03  0.01 -0.03 -0.05 -0.08
## [13] -0.12 -0.14 -0.18 -0.21 -0.25 -0.26 -0.31 -0.34

## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  2  and the number of components =  NA
## 
## Call:
## factanal(x = grz.efa, factors = grz.nfacs, rotation = "promax")
## 
## Uniquenesses:
##        grz.1.education   grz.2.treated.fairly    grz.3.enjoy.culture 
##                   0.47                   0.57                   0.43 
##    grz.4.develop.skill          grz.5.look.up  grz.6.where.community 
##                   0.41                   0.68                   0.61 
##   grz.7.solve.problems     grz.8.finish.start      grz.9.family.know 
##                   0.54                   0.52                   0.67 
##  grz.10.family.standby grz.11.friends.standby       grz.12.new.ideas 
##                   0.42                   0.47                   0.41 
##  grz.13.follow.through       grz.14.obstacles     grz.15.bounce.back 
##                   0.50                   0.48                   0.48 
##       grz.16.work.hard     grz.17.goal.follow           grz.18.focus 
##                   0.47                   0.51                   0.50 
##    grz.19.finish.start      grz.20.work.smart 
##                   0.35                   0.49 
## 
## Loadings:
##                        Factor1 Factor2
## grz.8.finish.start      0.59          
## grz.12.new.ideas        0.97          
## grz.13.follow.through   0.53          
## grz.14.obstacles        0.72          
## grz.15.bounce.back      0.77          
## grz.16.work.hard        0.62          
## grz.17.goal.follow      0.59          
## grz.18.focus            0.67          
## grz.19.finish.start     0.84          
## grz.1.education                 0.74  
## grz.3.enjoy.culture             0.76  
## grz.4.develop.skill             0.84  
## grz.10.family.standby           0.96  
## grz.11.friends.standby          0.52  
## grz.2.treated.fairly    0.41          
## grz.5.look.up                   0.36  
## grz.6.where.community           0.39  
## grz.7.solve.problems    0.33    0.38  
## grz.9.family.know               0.42  
## grz.20.work.smart       0.47          
## 
##                Factor1 Factor2
## SS loadings       5.35    3.95
## Proportion Var    0.27    0.20
## Cumulative Var    0.27    0.47
## 
## Factor Correlations:
##         Factor1 Factor2
## Factor1    1.00    0.82
## Factor2    0.82    1.00
## 
## Test of the hypothesis that 2 factors are sufficient.
## The chi square statistic is 288.4 on 151 degrees of freedom.
## The p-value is 1.18e-10

Grisilience 2.0 (6-10 only)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Grisilience V2 questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0%
Q2 0%
Q3 0%
Q4 0%
Q5 0%
Q6 0%
Q7 0%
Q8 0%
Q9 0%
Q10 0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
## [1] Variable Count   
## <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.
Table 3a: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 15 24.59 27.87
3 17 27.87 55.74
4 27 44.26 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I like learning
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 3 4.92 9.84
3 25 40.98 50.82
4 30 49.18 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: The people in my life understand what is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 12 19.67 24.59
3 18 29.51 54.10
4 28 45.90 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I set goals for myself and stick to them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 10 16.39 18.03
3 25 40.98 59.02
4 25 40.98 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to handle problems without losing control of my feelings
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 18 29.51 34.43
3 20 32.79 67.21
4 20 32.79 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 8 13.11 16.39
3 21 34.43 50.82
4 30 49.18 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 10 16.39 19.67
3 32 52.46 72.13
4 17 27.87 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 6 9.84 11.48
3 14 22.95 34.43
4 39 63.93 98.36
N/A 1 1.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 15 24.59 29.51
3 20 32.79 62.30
4 23 37.70 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: The people in my life help me reach my goals
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 7 11.48 13.11
3 12 19.67 32.79
4 40 65.57 98.36
N/A 1 1.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 3/10 items.

Table 3a: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 15 24.59 27.87
3 17 27.87 55.74
4 27 44.26 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I like learning
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 3 4.92 9.84
3 25 40.98 50.82
4 30 49.18 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: The people in my life understand what is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 12 19.67 24.59
3 18 29.51 54.10
4 28 45.90 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I set goals for myself and stick to them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 10 16.39 18.03
3 25 40.98 59.02
4 25 40.98 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to handle problems without losing control of my feelings
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 18 29.51 34.43
3 20 32.79 67.21
4 20 32.79 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 8 13.11 16.39
3 21 34.43 50.82
4 30 49.18 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.28 3.28
2 10 16.39 19.67
3 32 52.46 72.13
4 17 27.87 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 6 9.84 11.48
3 14 22.95 34.43
4 39 63.93 98.36
N/A 1 1.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.92 4.92
2 15 24.59 29.51
3 20 32.79 62.30
4 23 37.70 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: The people in my life help me reach my goals
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.64 1.64
2 7 11.48 13.11
3 12 19.67 32.79
4 40 65.57 98.36
N/A 1 1.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 61 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

## Warning in lapply(grz2.skew[23:32], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion

## Warning in lapply(grz2.skew[23:32], as.numeric): NAs introduced by coercion
Question Skewness
I have people I look up to -0.534
I like learning -1.295
The people in my life understand what is important to me -0.722
I set goals for myself and stick to them -0.6
I know how to handle problems -0.272
I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times -0.951
When things go wrong I bounce back quickly -0.537
I work hard -1.407
I can stay focused on projects that take a few months -0.463
The people in my life help me reach my goals -1.404

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have people I look up to I like learning The people in my life understand what is important to me I set goals for myself and stick to them I know how to handle problems I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times When things go wrong I bounce back quickly I work hard I can stay focused on projects that take a few months The people in my life help me reach my goals
I have people I look up to 1.000 0.338 0.355 0.207 0.321 0.320 0.283 0.328 0.358 0.271
I like learning 0.338 1.000 0.330 0.199 0.300 0.223 0.317 0.310 0.408 0.241
The people in my life understand what is important to me 0.355 0.330 1.000 0.265 0.272 0.280 0.266 0.297 0.237 0.488
I set goals for myself and stick to them 0.207 0.199 0.265 1.000 0.204 0.237 0.301 0.335 0.335 0.305
I know how to handle problems 0.321 0.300 0.272 0.204 1.000 0.280 0.576 0.482 0.320 0.285
I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times 0.320 0.223 0.280 0.237 0.280 1.000 0.354 0.482 0.322 0.398
When things go wrong I bounce back quickly 0.283 0.317 0.266 0.301 0.576 0.354 1.000 0.501 0.375 0.274
I work hard 0.328 0.310 0.297 0.335 0.482 0.482 0.501 1.000 0.450 0.283
I can stay focused on projects that take a few months 0.358 0.408 0.237 0.335 0.320 0.322 0.375 0.450 1.000 0.262
The people in my life help me reach my goals 0.271 0.241 0.488 0.305 0.285 0.398 0.274 0.283 0.262 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have people I look up to
  • Q2 = I like learning
  • Q3 = The people in my life understand what is important to me
  • Q4 = I set goals for myself and stick to them
  • Q5 = I know how to handle problems
  • Q6 = I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
  • Q7 = When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
  • Q8 = I work hard
  • Q9 = I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
  • Q10 = The people in my life help me reach my goals

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 61
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.809

Grisilience 2.0 (11-14 only)

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Grisilience V2 questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.0%
Q2 0.0%
Q3 0.0%
Q4 0.0%
Q5 0.0%
Q6 0.0%
Q7 3.3%
Q8 0.0%
Q9 3.3%
Q10 0.0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q7     1
##        Q9     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 6 20.00 20.00
4 3 10.00 30.00
5 8 26.67 56.67
6 13 43.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I like learning
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 2 6.67 6.67
4 5 16.67 23.33
5 3 10.00 33.33
6 20 66.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: The people in my life understand what is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 3 10.00 10.00
4 6 20.00 30.00
5 7 23.33 53.33
6 14 46.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I set goals for myself and stick to them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 3 10.00 10.00
3 4 13.33 23.33
4 2 6.67 30.00
5 4 13.33 43.33
6 17 56.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to handle problems without losing control of my feelings
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 7 23.33 23.33
4 5 16.67 40.00
5 7 23.33 63.33
6 11 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.67 6.67
4 5 16.67 23.33
5 4 13.33 36.67
6 19 63.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.90 6.90
3 3 10.34 17.24
4 4 13.79 31.03
5 7 24.14 55.17
6 13 44.83 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.33 3.33
3 2 6.67 10.00
4 2 6.67 16.67
5 5 16.67 33.33
6 20 66.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 4 13.79 13.79
4 7 24.14 37.93
5 3 10.34 48.28
6 15 51.72 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: The people in my life help me reach my goals
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.33 3.33
3 2 6.67 10.00
4 3 10.00 20.00
5 6 20.00 40.00
6 18 60.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 6/10 items.

Table 3a: I have people I look up to
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 6 20.00 20.00
4 3 10.00 30.00
5 8 26.67 56.67
6 13 43.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I like learning
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 2 6.67 6.67
4 5 16.67 23.33
5 3 10.00 33.33
6 20 66.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: The people in my life understand what is important to me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 3 10.00 10.00
4 6 20.00 30.00
5 7 23.33 53.33
6 14 46.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I set goals for myself and stick to them
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 3 10.00 10.00
3 4 13.33 23.33
4 2 6.67 30.00
5 4 13.33 43.33
6 17 56.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I know how to handle problems without losing control of my feelings
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 7 23.33 23.33
4 5 16.67 40.00
5 7 23.33 63.33
6 11 36.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.67 6.67
4 5 16.67 23.33
5 4 13.33 36.67
6 19 63.33 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 6.90 6.90
3 3 10.34 17.24
4 4 13.79 31.03
5 7 24.14 55.17
6 13 44.83 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.33 3.33
3 2 6.67 10.00
4 2 6.67 16.67
5 5 16.67 33.33
6 20 66.67 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 4 13.79 13.79
4 7 24.14 37.93
5 3 10.34 48.28
6 15 51.72 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: The people in my life help me reach my goals
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 3.33 3.33
3 2 6.67 10.00
4 3 10.00 20.00
5 6 20.00 40.00
6 18 60.00 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 30 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I have people I look up to -0.653
I like learning -1.207
The people in my life understand what is important to me -0.681
I set goals for myself and stick to them -0.964
I know how to handle problems -0.322
I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times -1.577
When things go wrong I bounce back quickly -0.92
I work hard -1.72
I can stay focused on projects that take a few months -0.552
The people in my life help me reach my goals -1.46

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I have people I look up to I like learning The people in my life understand what is important to me I set goals for myself and stick to them I know how to handle problems I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times When things go wrong I bounce back quickly I work hard I can stay focused on projects that take a few months The people in my life help me reach my goals
I have people I look up to 1.000 0.569 0.510 0.568 0.382 0.454 0.428 0.495 0.421 0.525
I like learning 0.569 1.000 0.459 0.435 0.415 0.442 0.524 0.585 0.564 0.590
The people in my life understand what is important to me 0.510 0.459 1.000 0.695 0.395 0.522 0.522 0.619 0.311 0.531
I set goals for myself and stick to them 0.568 0.435 0.695 1.000 0.500 0.538 0.506 0.622 0.467 0.565
I know how to handle problems 0.382 0.415 0.395 0.500 1.000 0.459 0.682 0.536 0.485 0.546
I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times 0.454 0.442 0.522 0.538 0.459 1.000 0.443 0.531 0.363 0.663
When things go wrong I bounce back quickly 0.428 0.524 0.522 0.506 0.682 0.443 1.000 0.593 0.464 0.576
I work hard 0.495 0.585 0.619 0.622 0.536 0.531 0.593 1.000 0.547 0.645
I can stay focused on projects that take a few months 0.421 0.564 0.311 0.467 0.485 0.363 0.464 0.547 1.000 0.602
The people in my life help me reach my goals 0.525 0.590 0.531 0.565 0.546 0.663 0.576 0.645 0.602 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I have people I look up to
  • Q2 = I like learning
  • Q3 = The people in my life understand what is important to me
  • Q4 = I set goals for myself and stick to them
  • Q5 = I know how to handle problems
  • Q6 = I have people I know I can turn to in difficult times
  • Q7 = When things go wrong I bounce back quickly
  • Q8 = I work hard
  • Q9 = I can stay focused on projects that take a few months
  • Q10 = The people in my life help me reach my goals

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 30
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.915

Test-retest reliability

## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

## Warning in cor.smooth(r): Matrix was not positive definite, smoothing was done
## In smc, smcs > 1 were set to 1.0
## In smc, smcs < 0 were set to .0
## boundary (singular) fit: see help('isSingular')
## 
## Test Retest reliability 
## Call: testRetest(t1 = as.data.frame(grz3.trt), time = "Time", select = c("grz1.lookup", 
##     "grz2.learn", "grz3.understand", "grz4.goals", "grz5.problems", 
##     "grz6.difficult", "grz7.bounce", "grz8.workhard", "grz9.focus", 
##     "grz10.help"))
## 
## Number of subjects =  13  Number of items =  10
##  Correlation of scale scores over time -0.51
##  Alpha reliability statistics for time 1 and time 2 
##        raw G3 std G3   G6 av.r   S/N   se lower upper var.r
## Time 1   0.94   0.94 0.97 0.62 16.41 0.01  0.87  0.72  0.06
## Time 2   0.91   0.91 0.97 0.50 10.03 0.02  0.83  0.86  0.04
## 
##  Mean between person, across item reliability =  -0.32
##  Mean within person, across item reliability =  0.09
## with standard deviation of  0.21 
## 
##  Mean within person, across item d2 =  2.73
## R1F  =  0.03 Reliability of average of all items for one  time (Random time effects)
## RkF  =  0.06 Reliability of average of all items and both times (Fixed time effects)
## R1R  =  0 Generalizability of a single time point across all items (Random time effects)
## Rc   =  0.93 Generalizability of change (fixed time points, fixed items) 
## Multilevel components of variance
##              variance Percent
## ID               0.00    0.00
## Time             0.00    0.00
## Items            0.01    0.01
## ID x time        0.60    0.54
## ID x items       0.02    0.01
## time x items     0.00    0.00
## Residual         0.48    0.43
## Total            1.11    1.00
## 
##  To see the item.stats, print with short=FALSE. 
## To see the subject reliabilities and differences, examine the 'scores' object.

Belonging and inclusion

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Belonging and Inclusion questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.0%
Q2 3.1%
Q3 3.1%
Q4 3.1%
Q5 1.6%
Q6 3.1%
Q7 1.6%
Q8 1.6%
Q9 0.0%
Q10 1.6% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q2     2
##        Q3     2
##        Q4     2
##        Q5     1
##        Q6     2
##        Q7     1
##        Q8     1
##       Q10     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I belong to my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.56 1.56
2 1 1.56 3.12
3 37 57.81 60.94
4 25 39.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am treated fairly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
2 6 9.68 11.29
3 35 56.45 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: People know my name
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
2 5 8.06 9.68
3 36 58.06 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I get to make choices
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.23 3.23
2 7 11.29 14.52
3 33 53.23 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I feel comfortable being myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.59 1.59
2 5 7.94 9.52
3 24 38.10 47.62
4 33 52.38 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
3 20 32.26 33.87
4 41 66.13 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: People notice when I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.17 3.17
2 6 9.52 12.70
3 36 57.14 69.84
4 19 30.16 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: People notice when I get better
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.59 1.59
2 7 11.11 12.70
3 32 50.79 63.49
4 23 36.51 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: People care about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.12 3.12
2 4 6.25 9.38
3 34 53.12 62.50
4 24 37.50 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I feel safe
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.76 4.76
3 30 47.62 52.38
4 30 47.62 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 9/10 items.

Table 3a: I belong to my community
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.56 1.56
2 1 1.56 3.12
3 37 57.81 60.94
4 25 39.06 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I am treated fairly
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
2 6 9.68 11.29
3 35 56.45 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: People know my name
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
2 5 8.06 9.68
3 36 58.06 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I get to make choices
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.23 3.23
2 7 11.29 14.52
3 33 53.23 67.74
4 20 32.26 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I feel comfortable being myself
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.59 1.59
2 5 7.94 9.52
3 24 38.10 47.62
4 33 52.38 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I have a friend
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.61 1.61
3 20 32.26 33.87
4 41 66.13 100.00
<NA> 2 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: People notice when I work hard
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.17 3.17
2 6 9.52 12.70
3 36 57.14 69.84
4 19 30.16 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: People notice when I get better
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.59 1.59
2 7 11.11 12.70
3 32 50.79 63.49
4 23 36.51 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: People care about me
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.12 3.12
2 4 6.25 9.38
3 34 53.12 62.50
4 24 37.50 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: I feel safe
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 3 4.76 4.76
3 30 47.62 52.38
4 30 47.62 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 64 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I belong to my community -0.733
I am treated fairly -0.569
People know my name -0.59
I get to make choices -0.719
I feel comfortable being myself -1.051
I have a friend -1.79
People notice when I work hard -0.746
People notice when I get better -0.614
People care about me -0.928
I feel safe -1.476

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I belong to my community I am treated fairly People know my name I get to make choices I feel comfortable being myself I have a friend People notice when I work hard People notice when I get better People care about me I feel safe
I belong to my community 1.000 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.366 0.489
I am treated fairly NaN 1.000 0.292 0.363 0.417 0.302 0.484 NaN 0.420 0.370
People know my name NaN 0.292 1.000 0.464 0.386 0.316 0.406 NaN 0.286 0.324
I get to make choices NaN 0.363 0.464 1.000 0.513 0.596 0.451 0.288 0.425 0.501
I feel comfortable being myself NaN 0.417 0.386 0.513 1.000 0.845 0.320 0.372 0.408 0.705
I have a friend NaN 0.302 0.316 0.596 0.845 1.000 0.360 NaN 0.383 0.628
People notice when I work hard NaN 0.484 0.406 0.451 0.320 0.360 1.000 0.492 0.655 0.236
People notice when I get better NaN NaN NaN 0.288 0.372 NaN 0.492 1.000 0.399 NaN
People care about me 0.366 0.420 0.286 0.425 0.408 0.383 0.655 0.399 1.000 0.431
I feel safe 0.489 0.370 0.324 0.501 0.705 0.628 0.236 NaN 0.431 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I belong to my community
  • Q2 = I am treated fairly
  • Q3 = People know my name
  • Q4 = I get to make choices
  • Q5 = I feel comfortable being myself
  • Q6 = I have a friend
  • Q7 = People notice when I work hard
  • Q8 = People notice when I get better
  • Q9 = People care about me
  • Q10 = I feel safe

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 10
Sample Units 64
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.832

Self-regulation

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the Belonging and Inclusion questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: No items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
Q1 0.0%
Q2 0.0%
Q3 0.0%
Q4 0.0%
Q5 1.7%
Q6 1.7%
Q7 1.7%
Q8 1.7%
Q9 0.0%
Q10 0.0%
Q11 0.0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##  Variable Count
##        Q5     1
##        Q6     1
##        Q7     1
##        Q8     1

Floor-and-ceiling effects

No items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

Table 3a: I can calm myself down
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 1.69 1.69
3 2 3.39 5.08
4 18 30.51 35.59
5 28 47.46 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I can find ways to make myself work
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 2 3.39 5.08
3 7 11.86 16.95
4 15 25.42 42.37
5 23 38.98 81.36
6 11 18.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I can resist doing something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 2 3.39 5.08
3 5 8.47 13.56
4 13 22.03 35.59
5 23 38.98 74.58
6 15 25.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I can start a new task even when tired
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 4 6.78 6.78
3 10 16.95 23.73
4 10 16.95 40.68
5 25 42.37 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I can stay calm in a disagreement
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 3.45 3.45
3 4 6.90 10.34
4 16 27.59 37.93
5 25 43.10 81.03
6 11 18.97 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I can stay focused on my work even when its dull
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.45 3.45
2 2 3.45 6.90
3 9 15.52 22.41
4 11 18.97 41.38
5 21 36.21 77.59
6 13 22.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can stop myself from losing control
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.45 3.45
2 3 5.17 8.62
3 5 8.62 17.24
4 10 17.24 34.48
5 25 43.10 77.59
6 13 22.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I keep track of things
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.72 1.72
2 2 3.45 5.17
3 9 15.52 20.69
4 14 24.14 44.83
5 21 36.21 81.03
6 11 18.97 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can pick up where I left of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 9 15.25 15.25
4 15 25.42 40.68
5 24 40.68 81.36
6 11 18.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 6 10.17 10.17
3 5 8.47 18.64
4 15 25.42 44.07
5 21 35.59 79.66
6 12 20.34 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: When I am upset I can make myself feel better
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
3 4 6.78 8.47
4 19 32.20 40.68
5 25 42.37 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00

Single item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 0/11 items.

Table 3a: I can calm myself down
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 1 1.69 1.69
3 2 3.39 5.08
4 18 30.51 35.59
5 28 47.46 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3b: I can find ways to make myself work
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 2 3.39 5.08
3 7 11.86 16.95
4 15 25.42 42.37
5 23 38.98 81.36
6 11 18.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3c: I can resist doing something
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
2 2 3.39 5.08
3 5 8.47 13.56
4 13 22.03 35.59
5 23 38.98 74.58
6 15 25.42 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3d: I can start a new task even when tired
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 4 6.78 6.78
3 10 16.95 23.73
4 10 16.95 40.68
5 25 42.37 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3e: I can stay calm in a disagreement
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 2 3.45 3.45
3 4 6.90 10.34
4 16 27.59 37.93
5 25 43.10 81.03
6 11 18.97 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3f: I can stay focused on my work even when its dull
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.45 3.45
2 2 3.45 6.90
3 9 15.52 22.41
4 11 18.97 41.38
5 21 36.21 77.59
6 13 22.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3g: I can stop myself from losing control
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 2 3.45 3.45
2 3 5.17 8.62
3 5 8.62 17.24
4 10 17.24 34.48
5 25 43.10 77.59
6 13 22.41 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3h: I keep track of things
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.72 1.72
2 2 3.45 5.17
3 9 15.52 20.69
4 14 24.14 44.83
5 21 36.21 81.03
6 11 18.97 100.00
<NA> 1 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3i: I can pick up where I left of
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
3 9 15.25 15.25
4 15 25.42 40.68
5 24 40.68 81.36
6 11 18.64 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3j: If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
2 6 10.17 10.17
3 5 8.47 18.64
4 15 25.42 44.07
5 21 35.59 79.66
6 12 20.34 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00
Table 3k: When I am upset I can make myself feel better
Freq % Valid % Valid Cum.
1 1 1.69 1.69
3 4 6.78 8.47
4 19 32.20 40.68
5 25 42.37 83.05
6 10 16.95 100.00
<NA> 0 NA NA
Total 59 100.00 100.00

Skewness

Table 5: No items exceed a skewness> |2|.

Question Skewness
I can calm myself down -0.541
I can find ways to make myself work -0.777
I can resist doing something -0.968
I can start a new task even when tired -0.558
I can stay calm in a disagreement -0.66
I can stay focused on my work even when its dull -0.807
I can stop myself from losing control -1.1
I keep track of things -0.64
I can pick up where I left of -0.248
If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others -0.62
When I am upset I can make myself feel better -0.886

Inter-item correlations (Table)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

I can calm myself down I can find ways to make myself work I can resist doing something I can start a new task even when tired I can stay calm in a disagreement I can stay focused on my work even when its dull I can stop myself from losing control I keep track of things I can pick up where I left of If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others When I am upset I can make myself feel better
I can calm myself down 1.000 0.526 0.438 0.467 0.469 0.516 0.524 0.303 0.443 0.390 0.458
I can find ways to make myself work 0.526 1.000 0.507 0.513 0.453 0.561 0.541 0.633 0.539 0.437 0.464
I can resist doing something 0.438 0.507 1.000 0.486 0.450 0.586 0.601 0.418 0.529 0.514 0.440
I can start a new task even when tired 0.467 0.513 0.486 1.000 0.482 0.562 0.526 0.530 0.693 0.439 0.514
I can stay calm in a disagreement 0.469 0.453 0.450 0.482 1.000 0.407 0.584 0.499 0.468 0.494 NaN
I can stay focused on my work even when its dull 0.516 0.561 0.586 0.562 0.407 1.000 0.496 0.513 0.570 0.418 0.458
I can stop myself from losing control 0.524 0.541 0.601 0.526 0.584 0.496 1.000 0.478 0.616 0.470 0.459
I keep track of things 0.303 0.633 0.418 0.530 0.499 0.513 0.478 1.000 0.528 0.392 0.504
I can pick up where I left of 0.443 0.539 0.529 0.693 0.468 0.570 0.616 0.528 1.000 0.421 0.507
If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others 0.390 0.437 0.514 0.439 0.494 0.418 0.470 0.392 0.421 1.000 0.412
When I am upset I can make myself feel better 0.458 0.464 0.440 0.514 NaN 0.458 0.459 0.504 0.507 0.412 1.000

Inter-item correlations (Plot)

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

Correlation plot legend

  • Q1 = I can calm myself down
  • Q2 = I can find ways to make myself work
  • Q3 = I can resist doing something
  • Q4 = I can start a new task even when tired
  • Q5 = I can stay calm in a disagreement
  • Q6 = I can stay focused on my work even when its dull
  • Q7 = I can stop myself from losing control
  • Q8 = I keep track of things
  • Q9 = I can pick up where I left of
  • Q10 = If I’m upset I don’t take it out on others
  • Q11 = When I am upset I can make myself feel better

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 11
Sample Units 59
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.914

PQAYS

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the PQAYS questionnaire, in rank order.

Missingness rate

Table 2: 6 items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
q1.1a.phys.hazard 0.79%
q1.2a.phys.appropriate 0.79%
q1.3a.phys.supervision 0.79%
q1.4a.phys.firstaid 0.79%
q1.5a.phys.equipment 0.79%
q1.6a.phys.positive 0.79%
q1.7a.phys.distraction 19.05%
q1.8a.phys.injury 41.27%
q1.1b.psych.positive 0.79%
q1.2b.psych.respect 1.59%
q1.3b.psych.conflict 26.98%
q2.1.str.time 3.17%
q2.2.str.engage 0.79%
q2.3.str.expectation 1.59%
q2.4.str.purpose 0.79%
q2.5.str.youth 1.59%
q2.6.str.org 0.79%
q2.7.str.support 7.14%
q3.1.sr.warm 0.79%
q3.2.sr.interact 0.79%
q3.3.sr.trust 0.79%
q3.4.sr.positive 0.79%
q3.5.sr.encourage 0.79%
q4.1.otb.positive 0.79%
q4.2.otb.inclusive 0.79%
q4.3.otb.additional 4.76%
q5.1.psn.positive 0.79%
q5.2.psn.fair 1.59%
q5.3.psn.sportsperson 0.79%
q6.1.sem.development 1.59%
q6.2.sem.choice 1.59%
q6.3.sem.acheivement 0.79%
q6.4.sem.mentor 0.79%
q6.5.sem.feedback 1.59%
q6.6.sem.constructive 0.79%
q6.7.sem.contribution 0.79%
q6.8.sem.listen 1.59%
q7.1a.sps.fundamental 1.59%
q7.2a.sps.development 1.59%
q7.3a.sps.model 1.59%
q7.4a.sps.opportunity 1.59%
q7.5a.sps.reflect 1.59%
q7.1b.ls.importance 3.17%
q7.2b.ls.model 3.97%
q7.3b.ls.opportunity 4.76%
q7.4b.debrief 5.56%
q8.1.int.welcome 8.73%
q8.2.int.involved 6.35%
q8.3.int.school 6.35%
q8.4.int.community 5.56%
q8.5.int.communication 32.54% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
##                Variable Count
##       q1.1a.phys.hazard     1
##  q1.2a.phys.appropriate     1
##  q1.3a.phys.supervision     1
##     q1.4a.phys.firstaid     1
##    q1.5a.phys.equipment     1
##     q1.6a.phys.positive     1
##  q1.7a.phys.distraction    24
##       q1.8a.phys.injury    52
##    q1.1b.psych.positive     1
##     q1.2b.psych.respect     2
##    q1.3b.psych.conflict    34
##           q2.1.str.time     4
##         q2.2.str.engage     1
##    q2.3.str.expectation     2
##        q2.4.str.purpose     1
##          q2.5.str.youth     2
##            q2.6.str.org     1
##        q2.7.str.support     9
##            q3.1.sr.warm     1
##        q3.2.sr.interact     1
##           q3.3.sr.trust     1
##        q3.4.sr.positive     1
##       q3.5.sr.encourage     1
##       q4.1.otb.positive     1
##      q4.2.otb.inclusive     1
##     q4.3.otb.additional     6
##       q5.1.psn.positive     1
##           q5.2.psn.fair     2
##   q5.3.psn.sportsperson     1
##    q6.1.sem.development     2
##         q6.2.sem.choice     2
##    q6.3.sem.acheivement     1
##         q6.4.sem.mentor     1
##       q6.5.sem.feedback     2
##   q6.6.sem.constructive     1
##   q6.7.sem.contribution     1
##         q6.8.sem.listen     2
##   q7.1a.sps.fundamental     2
##   q7.2a.sps.development     2
##         q7.3a.sps.model     2
##   q7.4a.sps.opportunity     2
##       q7.5a.sps.reflect     2
##     q7.1b.ls.importance     4
##          q7.2b.ls.model     5
##    q7.3b.ls.opportunity     6
##           q7.4b.debrief     7
##        q8.1.int.welcome    11
##       q8.2.int.involved     8
##         q8.3.int.school     8
##      q8.4.int.community     7
##  q8.5.int.communication    41

Floor-and-ceiling effects

5/51 items had >80% “zero” or “max” values, as indicated by the green values in the following tables.

## Frequencies  
## pqays.only$q1.1a.phys.hazard  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           2      2      1.60           2.40      1.59           2.38
##           3      4      3.20           5.60      3.17           5.56
##           4     21     16.80          22.40     16.67          22.22
##           5     97     77.60         100.00     76.98          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.2a.phys.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           3      9      7.20           8.80      7.14           8.73
##           4     16     12.80          21.60     12.70          21.43
##           5     98     78.40         100.00     77.78          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.3a.phys.supervision  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     16     12.80          15.20     12.70          15.08
##           5    106     84.80         100.00     84.13          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.4a.phys.firstaid  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           4      6      4.80           8.00      4.76           7.94
##           5    115     92.00         100.00     91.27          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.5a.phys.equipment  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           2      4      3.20           4.80      3.17           4.76
##           3      2      1.60           6.40      1.59           6.35
##           4     18     14.40          20.80     14.29          20.63
##           5     99     79.20         100.00     78.57          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.6a.phys.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           3     22     17.60          20.80     17.46          20.63
##           4     35     28.00          48.80     27.78          48.41
##           5     64     51.20         100.00     50.79          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.7a.phys.distraction  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     13     12.75          12.75     10.32          10.32
##           2      2      1.96          14.71      1.59          11.90
##           3     10      9.80          24.51      7.94          19.84
##           4     20     19.61          44.12     15.87          35.71
##           5     57     55.88         100.00     45.24          80.95
##        <NA>     24                              19.05         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.8a.phys.injury  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     34     45.95          45.95     26.98          26.98
##           1      2      2.70          48.65      1.59          28.57
##           3      3      4.05          52.70      2.38          30.95
##           4      6      8.11          60.81      4.76          35.71
##           5     29     39.19         100.00     23.02          58.73
##        <NA>     52                              41.27         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.1b.psych.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     38     30.40          32.80     30.16          32.54
##           5     84     67.20         100.00     66.67          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.2b.psych.respect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      6      4.84           4.84      4.76           4.76
##           4     44     35.48          40.32     34.92          39.68
##           5     74     59.68         100.00     58.73          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.3b.psych.conflict  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     27     29.35          29.35     21.43          21.43
##           2      1      1.09          30.43      0.79          22.22
##           3     11     11.96          42.39      8.73          30.95
##           4     19     20.65          63.04     15.08          46.03
##           5     34     36.96         100.00     26.98          73.02
##        <NA>     34                              26.98         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.1.str.time  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.82           0.82      0.79           0.79
##           3     13     10.66          11.48     10.32          11.11
##           4     30     24.59          36.07     23.81          34.92
##           5     78     63.93         100.00     61.90          96.83
##        <NA>      4                               3.17         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.2.str.engage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3     11      8.80           8.80      8.73           8.73
##           4     32     25.60          34.40     25.40          34.13
##           5     82     65.60         100.00     65.08          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.3.str.expectation  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3     17     13.71          14.52     13.49          14.29
##           4     46     37.10          51.61     36.51          50.79
##           5     60     48.39         100.00     47.62          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.4.str.purpose  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           3     19     15.20          16.80     15.08          16.67
##           4     44     35.20          52.00     34.92          51.59
##           5     60     48.00         100.00     47.62          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.5.str.youth  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           3     17     13.71          15.32     13.49          15.08
##           4     46     37.10          52.42     36.51          51.59
##           5     59     47.58         100.00     46.83          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.6.str.org  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     14     11.20          16.00     11.11          15.87
##           4     41     32.80          48.80     32.54          48.41
##           5     64     51.20         100.00     50.79          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.7.str.support  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4      3.42           3.42      3.17           3.17
##           2      3      2.56           5.98      2.38           5.56
##           3      9      7.69          13.68      7.14          12.70
##           4     33     28.21          41.88     26.19          38.89
##           5     68     58.12         100.00     53.97          92.86
##        <NA>      9                               7.14         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.1.sr.warm  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           3      9      7.20           8.00      7.14           7.94
##           4     32     25.60          33.60     25.40          33.33
##           5     83     66.40         100.00     65.87          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.2.sr.interact  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     23     18.40          23.20     18.25          23.02
##           4     40     32.00          55.20     31.75          54.76
##           5     56     44.80         100.00     44.44          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.3.sr.trust  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           4     34     27.20          32.00     26.98          31.75
##           5     85     68.00         100.00     67.46          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.4.sr.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      9      7.20           7.20      7.14           7.14
##           4     44     35.20          42.40     34.92          42.06
##           5     72     57.60         100.00     57.14          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.5.sr.encourage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           3     19     15.20          18.40     15.08          18.25
##           4     46     36.80          55.20     36.51          54.76
##           5     56     44.80         100.00     44.44          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.1.otb.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      7      5.60           5.60      5.56           5.56
##           4     44     35.20          40.80     34.92          40.48
##           5     74     59.20         100.00     58.73          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.2.otb.inclusive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           3     17     13.60          14.40     13.49          14.29
##           4     45     36.00          50.40     35.71          50.00
##           5     62     49.60         100.00     49.21          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.3.otb.additional  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     62     51.67          51.67     49.21          49.21
##           2      8      6.67          58.33      6.35          55.56
##           3     24     20.00          78.33     19.05          74.60
##           4      9      7.50          85.83      7.14          81.75
##           5     17     14.17         100.00     13.49          95.24
##        <NA>      6                               4.76         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.1.psn.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     32     25.60          28.00     25.40          27.78
##           5     90     72.00         100.00     71.43          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.2.psn.fair  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3      7      5.65           6.45      5.56           6.35
##           4     39     31.45          37.90     30.95          37.30
##           5     77     62.10         100.00     61.11          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.3.psn.sportsperson  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      7      5.60           5.60      5.56           5.56
##           3     26     20.80          26.40     20.63          26.19
##           4     26     20.80          47.20     20.63          46.83
##           5     66     52.80         100.00     52.38          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.1.sem.development  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           2      5      4.03           5.65      3.97           5.56
##           3     28     22.58          28.23     22.22          27.78
##           4     51     41.13          69.35     40.48          68.25
##           5     38     30.65         100.00     30.16          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.2.sem.choice  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     19     15.32          15.32     15.08          15.08
##           2     27     21.77          37.10     21.43          36.51
##           3     29     23.39          60.48     23.02          59.52
##           4     29     23.39          83.87     23.02          82.54
##           5     20     16.13         100.00     15.87          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.3.sem.acheivement  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           2      3      2.40           4.00      2.38           3.97
##           3     26     20.80          24.80     20.63          24.60
##           4     45     36.00          60.80     35.71          60.32
##           5     49     39.20         100.00     38.89          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.4.sem.mentor  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     12      9.60           9.60      9.52           9.52
##           1      2      1.60          11.20      1.59          11.11
##           2     14     11.20          22.40     11.11          22.22
##           3     39     31.20          53.60     30.95          53.17
##           4     25     20.00          73.60     19.84          73.02
##           5     33     26.40         100.00     26.19          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.5.sem.feedback  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           3     13     10.48          12.10     10.32          11.90
##           4     51     41.13          53.23     40.48          52.38
##           5     58     46.77         100.00     46.03          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.6.sem.constructive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           2      9      7.20           8.00      7.14           7.94
##           3     25     20.00          28.00     19.84          27.78
##           4     44     35.20          63.20     34.92          62.70
##           5     46     36.80         100.00     36.51          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.7.sem.contribution  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     22     17.60          22.40     17.46          22.22
##           4     53     42.40          64.80     42.06          64.29
##           5     44     35.20         100.00     34.92          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.8.sem.listen  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3     11      8.87           8.87      8.73           8.73
##           4     51     41.13          50.00     40.48          49.21
##           5     62     50.00         100.00     49.21          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.1a.sps.fundamental  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3      5      4.03           4.84      3.97           4.76
##           4     34     27.42          32.26     26.98          31.75
##           5     84     67.74         100.00     66.67          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.2a.sps.development  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     11      8.87           8.87      8.73           8.73
##           2     21     16.94          25.81     16.67          25.40
##           3     42     33.87          59.68     33.33          58.73
##           4     28     22.58          82.26     22.22          80.95
##           5     22     17.74         100.00     17.46          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.3a.sps.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      4      3.23           3.23      3.17           3.17
##           2      3      2.42           5.65      2.38           5.56
##           3     21     16.94          22.58     16.67          22.22
##           4     38     30.65          53.23     30.16          52.38
##           5     58     46.77         100.00     46.03          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.4a.sps.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      3      2.42           2.42      2.38           2.38
##           2      4      3.23           5.65      3.17           5.56
##           3     20     16.13          21.77     15.87          21.43
##           4     38     30.65          52.42     30.16          51.59
##           5     59     47.58         100.00     46.83          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.5a.sps.reflect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     21     16.94          16.94     16.67          16.67
##           2     21     16.94          33.87     16.67          33.33
##           3     47     37.90          71.77     37.30          70.63
##           4     17     13.71          85.48     13.49          84.13
##           5     18     14.52         100.00     14.29          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.1b.ls.importance  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     23     18.85          18.85     18.25          18.25
##           2     15     12.30          31.15     11.90          30.16
##           3     39     31.97          63.11     30.95          61.11
##           4     31     25.41          88.52     24.60          85.71
##           5     14     11.48         100.00     11.11          96.83
##        <NA>      4                               3.17         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.2b.ls.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     28     23.14          23.14     22.22          22.22
##           2     16     13.22          36.36     12.70          34.92
##           3     25     20.66          57.02     19.84          54.76
##           4     31     25.62          82.64     24.60          79.37
##           5     21     17.36         100.00     16.67          96.03
##        <NA>      5                               3.97         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.3b.ls.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     27     22.50          22.50     21.43          21.43
##           2     18     15.00          37.50     14.29          35.71
##           3     30     25.00          62.50     23.81          59.52
##           4     28     23.33          85.83     22.22          81.75
##           5     17     14.17         100.00     13.49          95.24
##        <NA>      6                               4.76         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.4b.debrief  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     30     25.21          25.21     23.81          23.81
##           2     26     21.85          47.06     20.63          44.44
##           3     29     24.37          71.43     23.02          67.46
##           4     14     11.76          83.19     11.11          78.57
##           5     20     16.81         100.00     15.87          94.44
##        <NA>      7                               5.56         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.1.int.welcome  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     82     71.30          71.30     65.08          65.08
##           2      5      4.35          75.65      3.97          69.05
##           3      8      6.96          82.61      6.35          75.40
##           4     10      8.70          91.30      7.94          83.33
##           5     10      8.70         100.00      7.94          91.27
##        <NA>     11                               8.73         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.2.int.involved  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1    100     84.75          84.75     79.37          79.37
##           2      8      6.78          91.53      6.35          85.71
##           3      6      5.08          96.61      4.76          90.48
##           4      2      1.69          98.31      1.59          92.06
##           5      2      1.69         100.00      1.59          93.65
##        <NA>      8                               6.35         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.3.int.school  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     96     81.36          81.36     76.19          76.19
##           2      3      2.54          83.90      2.38          78.57
##           3      6      5.08          88.98      4.76          83.33
##           4     11      9.32          98.31      8.73          92.06
##           5      2      1.69         100.00      1.59          93.65
##        <NA>      8                               6.35         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.4.int.community  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     93     78.15          78.15     73.81          73.81
##           2      5      4.20          82.35      3.97          77.78
##           3     13     10.92          93.28     10.32          88.10
##           4      4      3.36          96.64      3.17          91.27
##           5      4      3.36         100.00      3.17          94.44
##        <NA>      7                               5.56         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.5.int.communication  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     21     24.71          24.71     16.67          16.67
##           1     30     35.29          60.00     23.81          40.48
##           2      3      3.53          63.53      2.38          42.86
##           3      6      7.06          70.59      4.76          47.62
##           4      7      8.24          78.82      5.56          53.17
##           5     18     21.18         100.00     14.29          67.46
##        <NA>     41                              32.54         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Single-item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 26/53 items, with most having >50% endorsing “Agree” or “Strongly Agree”, as indicated by red highlights.

## Frequencies  
## pqays.only$q1.1a.phys.hazard  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           2      2      1.60           2.40      1.59           2.38
##           3      4      3.20           5.60      3.17           5.56
##           4     21     16.80          22.40     16.67          22.22
##           5     97     77.60         100.00     76.98          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.2a.phys.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           3      9      7.20           8.80      7.14           8.73
##           4     16     12.80          21.60     12.70          21.43
##           5     98     78.40         100.00     77.78          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.3a.phys.supervision  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     16     12.80          15.20     12.70          15.08
##           5    106     84.80         100.00     84.13          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.4a.phys.firstaid  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           4      6      4.80           8.00      4.76           7.94
##           5    115     92.00         100.00     91.27          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.5a.phys.equipment  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           2      4      3.20           4.80      3.17           4.76
##           3      2      1.60           6.40      1.59           6.35
##           4     18     14.40          20.80     14.29          20.63
##           5     99     79.20         100.00     78.57          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.6a.phys.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           3     22     17.60          20.80     17.46          20.63
##           4     35     28.00          48.80     27.78          48.41
##           5     64     51.20         100.00     50.79          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.7a.phys.distraction  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     13     12.75          12.75     10.32          10.32
##           2      2      1.96          14.71      1.59          11.90
##           3     10      9.80          24.51      7.94          19.84
##           4     20     19.61          44.12     15.87          35.71
##           5     57     55.88         100.00     45.24          80.95
##        <NA>     24                              19.05         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.8a.phys.injury  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     34     45.95          45.95     26.98          26.98
##           1      2      2.70          48.65      1.59          28.57
##           3      3      4.05          52.70      2.38          30.95
##           4      6      8.11          60.81      4.76          35.71
##           5     29     39.19         100.00     23.02          58.73
##        <NA>     52                              41.27         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.1b.psych.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     38     30.40          32.80     30.16          32.54
##           5     84     67.20         100.00     66.67          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.2b.psych.respect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      6      4.84           4.84      4.76           4.76
##           4     44     35.48          40.32     34.92          39.68
##           5     74     59.68         100.00     58.73          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q1.3b.psych.conflict  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     27     29.35          29.35     21.43          21.43
##           2      1      1.09          30.43      0.79          22.22
##           3     11     11.96          42.39      8.73          30.95
##           4     19     20.65          63.04     15.08          46.03
##           5     34     36.96         100.00     26.98          73.02
##        <NA>     34                              26.98         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.1.str.time  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.82           0.82      0.79           0.79
##           3     13     10.66          11.48     10.32          11.11
##           4     30     24.59          36.07     23.81          34.92
##           5     78     63.93         100.00     61.90          96.83
##        <NA>      4                               3.17         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.2.str.engage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3     11      8.80           8.80      8.73           8.73
##           4     32     25.60          34.40     25.40          34.13
##           5     82     65.60         100.00     65.08          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.3.str.expectation  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3     17     13.71          14.52     13.49          14.29
##           4     46     37.10          51.61     36.51          50.79
##           5     60     48.39         100.00     47.62          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.4.str.purpose  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           3     19     15.20          16.80     15.08          16.67
##           4     44     35.20          52.00     34.92          51.59
##           5     60     48.00         100.00     47.62          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.5.str.youth  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           3     17     13.71          15.32     13.49          15.08
##           4     46     37.10          52.42     36.51          51.59
##           5     59     47.58         100.00     46.83          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.6.str.org  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     14     11.20          16.00     11.11          15.87
##           4     41     32.80          48.80     32.54          48.41
##           5     64     51.20         100.00     50.79          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q2.7.str.support  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4      3.42           3.42      3.17           3.17
##           2      3      2.56           5.98      2.38           5.56
##           3      9      7.69          13.68      7.14          12.70
##           4     33     28.21          41.88     26.19          38.89
##           5     68     58.12         100.00     53.97          92.86
##        <NA>      9                               7.14         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.1.sr.warm  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           3      9      7.20           8.00      7.14           7.94
##           4     32     25.60          33.60     25.40          33.33
##           5     83     66.40         100.00     65.87          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.2.sr.interact  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     23     18.40          23.20     18.25          23.02
##           4     40     32.00          55.20     31.75          54.76
##           5     56     44.80         100.00     44.44          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.3.sr.trust  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           4     34     27.20          32.00     26.98          31.75
##           5     85     68.00         100.00     67.46          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.4.sr.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      9      7.20           7.20      7.14           7.14
##           4     44     35.20          42.40     34.92          42.06
##           5     72     57.60         100.00     57.14          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q3.5.sr.encourage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4      3.20           3.20      3.17           3.17
##           3     19     15.20          18.40     15.08          18.25
##           4     46     36.80          55.20     36.51          54.76
##           5     56     44.80         100.00     44.44          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.1.otb.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      7      5.60           5.60      5.56           5.56
##           4     44     35.20          40.80     34.92          40.48
##           5     74     59.20         100.00     58.73          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.2.otb.inclusive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           3     17     13.60          14.40     13.49          14.29
##           4     45     36.00          50.40     35.71          50.00
##           5     62     49.60         100.00     49.21          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q4.3.otb.additional  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     62     51.67          51.67     49.21          49.21
##           2      8      6.67          58.33      6.35          55.56
##           3     24     20.00          78.33     19.05          74.60
##           4      9      7.50          85.83      7.14          81.75
##           5     17     14.17         100.00     13.49          95.24
##        <NA>      6                               4.76         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.1.psn.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3      3      2.40           2.40      2.38           2.38
##           4     32     25.60          28.00     25.40          27.78
##           5     90     72.00         100.00     71.43          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.2.psn.fair  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3      7      5.65           6.45      5.56           6.35
##           4     39     31.45          37.90     30.95          37.30
##           5     77     62.10         100.00     61.11          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q5.3.psn.sportsperson  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      7      5.60           5.60      5.56           5.56
##           3     26     20.80          26.40     20.63          26.19
##           4     26     20.80          47.20     20.63          46.83
##           5     66     52.80         100.00     52.38          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.1.sem.development  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           2      5      4.03           5.65      3.97           5.56
##           3     28     22.58          28.23     22.22          27.78
##           4     51     41.13          69.35     40.48          68.25
##           5     38     30.65         100.00     30.16          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.2.sem.choice  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     19     15.32          15.32     15.08          15.08
##           2     27     21.77          37.10     21.43          36.51
##           3     29     23.39          60.48     23.02          59.52
##           4     29     23.39          83.87     23.02          82.54
##           5     20     16.13         100.00     15.87          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.3.sem.acheivement  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      2      1.60           1.60      1.59           1.59
##           2      3      2.40           4.00      2.38           3.97
##           3     26     20.80          24.80     20.63          24.60
##           4     45     36.00          60.80     35.71          60.32
##           5     49     39.20         100.00     38.89          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.4.sem.mentor  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     12      9.60           9.60      9.52           9.52
##           1      2      1.60          11.20      1.59          11.11
##           2     14     11.20          22.40     11.11          22.22
##           3     39     31.20          53.60     30.95          53.17
##           4     25     20.00          73.60     19.84          73.02
##           5     33     26.40         100.00     26.19          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.5.sem.feedback  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      2      1.61           1.61      1.59           1.59
##           3     13     10.48          12.10     10.32          11.90
##           4     51     41.13          53.23     40.48          52.38
##           5     58     46.77         100.00     46.03          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.6.sem.constructive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      1      0.80           0.80      0.79           0.79
##           2      9      7.20           8.00      7.14           7.94
##           3     25     20.00          28.00     19.84          27.78
##           4     44     35.20          63.20     34.92          62.70
##           5     46     36.80         100.00     36.51          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.7.sem.contribution  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      6      4.80           4.80      4.76           4.76
##           3     22     17.60          22.40     17.46          22.22
##           4     53     42.40          64.80     42.06          64.29
##           5     44     35.20         100.00     34.92          99.21
##        <NA>      1                               0.79         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q6.8.sem.listen  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           3     11      8.87           8.87      8.73           8.73
##           4     51     41.13          50.00     40.48          49.21
##           5     62     50.00         100.00     49.21          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.1a.sps.fundamental  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           2      1      0.81           0.81      0.79           0.79
##           3      5      4.03           4.84      3.97           4.76
##           4     34     27.42          32.26     26.98          31.75
##           5     84     67.74         100.00     66.67          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.2a.sps.development  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     11      8.87           8.87      8.73           8.73
##           2     21     16.94          25.81     16.67          25.40
##           3     42     33.87          59.68     33.33          58.73
##           4     28     22.58          82.26     22.22          80.95
##           5     22     17.74         100.00     17.46          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.3a.sps.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      4      3.23           3.23      3.17           3.17
##           2      3      2.42           5.65      2.38           5.56
##           3     21     16.94          22.58     16.67          22.22
##           4     38     30.65          53.23     30.16          52.38
##           5     58     46.77         100.00     46.03          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.4a.sps.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1      3      2.42           2.42      2.38           2.38
##           2      4      3.23           5.65      3.17           5.56
##           3     20     16.13          21.77     15.87          21.43
##           4     38     30.65          52.42     30.16          51.59
##           5     59     47.58         100.00     46.83          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.5a.sps.reflect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     21     16.94          16.94     16.67          16.67
##           2     21     16.94          33.87     16.67          33.33
##           3     47     37.90          71.77     37.30          70.63
##           4     17     13.71          85.48     13.49          84.13
##           5     18     14.52         100.00     14.29          98.41
##        <NA>      2                               1.59         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.1b.ls.importance  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     23     18.85          18.85     18.25          18.25
##           2     15     12.30          31.15     11.90          30.16
##           3     39     31.97          63.11     30.95          61.11
##           4     31     25.41          88.52     24.60          85.71
##           5     14     11.48         100.00     11.11          96.83
##        <NA>      4                               3.17         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.2b.ls.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     28     23.14          23.14     22.22          22.22
##           2     16     13.22          36.36     12.70          34.92
##           3     25     20.66          57.02     19.84          54.76
##           4     31     25.62          82.64     24.60          79.37
##           5     21     17.36         100.00     16.67          96.03
##        <NA>      5                               3.97         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.3b.ls.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     27     22.50          22.50     21.43          21.43
##           2     18     15.00          37.50     14.29          35.71
##           3     30     25.00          62.50     23.81          59.52
##           4     28     23.33          85.83     22.22          81.75
##           5     17     14.17         100.00     13.49          95.24
##        <NA>      6                               4.76         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q7.4b.debrief  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     30     25.21          25.21     23.81          23.81
##           2     26     21.85          47.06     20.63          44.44
##           3     29     24.37          71.43     23.02          67.46
##           4     14     11.76          83.19     11.11          78.57
##           5     20     16.81         100.00     15.87          94.44
##        <NA>      7                               5.56         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.1.int.welcome  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     82     71.30          71.30     65.08          65.08
##           2      5      4.35          75.65      3.97          69.05
##           3      8      6.96          82.61      6.35          75.40
##           4     10      8.70          91.30      7.94          83.33
##           5     10      8.70         100.00      7.94          91.27
##        <NA>     11                               8.73         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.2.int.involved  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1    100     84.75          84.75     79.37          79.37
##           2      8      6.78          91.53      6.35          85.71
##           3      6      5.08          96.61      4.76          90.48
##           4      2      1.69          98.31      1.59          92.06
##           5      2      1.69         100.00      1.59          93.65
##        <NA>      8                               6.35         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.3.int.school  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     96     81.36          81.36     76.19          76.19
##           2      3      2.54          83.90      2.38          78.57
##           3      6      5.08          88.98      4.76          83.33
##           4     11      9.32          98.31      8.73          92.06
##           5      2      1.69         100.00      1.59          93.65
##        <NA>      8                               6.35         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.4.int.community  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     93     78.15          78.15     73.81          73.81
##           2      5      4.20          82.35      3.97          77.78
##           3     13     10.92          93.28     10.32          88.10
##           4      4      3.36          96.64      3.17          91.27
##           5      4      3.36         100.00      3.17          94.44
##        <NA>      7                               5.56         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays.only$q8.5.int.communication  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0     21     24.71          24.71     16.67          16.67
##           1     30     35.29          60.00     23.81          40.48
##           2      3      3.53          63.53      2.38          42.86
##           3      6      7.06          70.59      4.76          47.62
##           4      7      8.24          78.82      5.56          53.17
##           5     18     21.18         100.00     14.29          67.46
##        <NA>     41                              32.54         100.00
##       Total    126    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Skewness

Table 5: 9/51 iiems exceed a skewness> |2|.

##      q1.1a.phys.hazard q1.2a.phys.appropriate q1.3a.phys.supervision 
##                 -2.778                 -2.145                 -2.507 
##    q1.4a.phys.firstaid   q1.5a.phys.equipment    q1.6a.phys.positive 
##                 -3.748                 -2.892                 -0.854 
## q1.7a.phys.distraction      q1.8a.phys.injury   q1.1b.psych.positive 
##                 -1.547                  0.020                 -1.109 
##    q1.2b.psych.respect   q1.3b.psych.conflict          q2.1.str.time 
##                 -0.906                 -0.607                 -1.606 
##        q2.2.str.engage   q2.3.str.expectation       q2.4.str.purpose 
##                 -1.218                 -0.731                 -0.772 
##         q2.5.str.youth           q2.6.str.org       q2.7.str.support 
##                 -0.798                 -1.092                 -2.310 
##           q3.1.sr.warm       q3.2.sr.interact          q3.3.sr.trust 
##                 -1.447                 -0.741                 -1.292 
##       q3.4.sr.positive      q3.5.sr.encourage      q4.1.otb.positive 
##                 -0.889                 -2.041                 -0.914 
##     q4.2.otb.inclusive    q4.3.otb.additional      q5.1.psn.positive 
##                 -1.574                  0.713                 -1.385 
##          q5.2.psn.fair  q5.3.psn.sportsperson   q6.1.sem.development 
##                 -1.785                 -0.808                 -0.727 
##        q6.2.sem.choice   q6.3.sem.acheivement        q6.4.sem.mentor 
##                 -0.038                 -0.870                 -0.764 
##      q6.5.sem.feedback  q6.6.sem.constructive  q6.7.sem.contribution 
##                 -0.850                 -0.698                 -0.630 
##        q6.8.sem.listen  q7.1a.sps.fundamental  q7.2a.sps.development 
##                 -0.647                 -1.572                 -0.140 
##        q7.3a.sps.model  q7.4a.sps.opportunity      q7.5a.sps.reflect 
##                 -1.228                 -1.193                  0.078 
##    q7.1b.ls.importance         q7.2b.ls.model   q7.3b.ls.opportunity 
##                 -0.190                 -0.137                 -0.049 
##          q7.4b.debrief       q8.1.int.welcome      q8.2.int.involved 
##                  0.301                  1.400                  3.059 
##        q8.3.int.school     q8.4.int.community q8.5.int.communication 
##                  1.992                  2.028                  0.554

Inter-item correlations

Table 6: Multiple Cramer’s V r-values exceeded 0.50.

q1.1a.phys.hazard q1.2a.phys.appropriate q1.3a.phys.supervision q1.4a.phys.firstaid q1.5a.phys.equipment q1.6a.phys.positive q1.7a.phys.distraction q1.8a.phys.injury q1.1b.psych.positive q1.2b.psych.respect q1.3b.psych.conflict q2.1.str.time q2.2.str.engage q2.3.str.expectation q2.4.str.purpose q2.5.str.youth q2.6.str.org q2.7.str.support q3.1.sr.warm q3.2.sr.interact q3.3.sr.trust q3.4.sr.positive q3.5.sr.encourage q4.1.otb.positive q4.2.otb.inclusive q4.3.otb.additional q5.1.psn.positive q5.2.psn.fair q5.3.psn.sportsperson q6.1.sem.development q6.2.sem.choice q6.3.sem.acheivement q6.4.sem.mentor q6.5.sem.feedback q6.6.sem.constructive q6.7.sem.contribution q6.8.sem.listen q7.1a.sps.fundamental q7.2a.sps.development q7.3a.sps.model q7.4a.sps.opportunity q7.5a.sps.reflect q7.1b.ls.importance q7.2b.ls.model q7.3b.ls.opportunity q7.4b.debrief q8.1.int.welcome q8.2.int.involved q8.3.int.school q8.4.int.community q8.5.int.communication
q1.1a.phys.hazard 1.000 0.510 0.172 0.252 0.186 0.165 0.214 NaN 0.195 0.195 0.378 0.176 0.213 0.168 0.324 0.165 0.226 0.345 0.150 0.225 0.189 0.226 0.173 0.148 0.161 0.218 0.177 0.190 0.179 0.186 0.235 0.137 0.214 0.345 0.292 0.187 0.265 0.121 0.148 0.257 0.208 0.188 0.187 0.208 0.182 0.215 0.177 0.215 0.362 0.297 0.329
q1.2a.phys.appropriate 0.510 1.000 0.161 0.358 0.260 0.154 0.246 0.275 0.189 0.214 0.279 0.241 0.163 0.154 0.187 0.174 0.189 0.296 0.125 0.197 0.153 0.183 0.102 0.198 0.058 0.231 0.172 0.171 0.147 0.266 0.244 0.175 0.327 0.214 0.423 0.119 0.139 0.160 0.170 0.237 0.272 0.183 0.214 0.160 0.190 0.157 0.127 0.141 0.125 0.116 0.246
q1.3a.phys.supervision 0.172 0.161 1.000 0.112 0.255 0.139 0.194 0.255 0.142 0.199 0.137 0.193 0.297 0.224 0.143 0.165 0.181 0.144 0.141 0.145 0.211 0.166 0.259 0.091 0.096 0.203 0.222 0.132 0.265 0.159 0.255 0.205 0.193 0.146 0.106 0.168 0.193 0.054 0.164 0.214 0.168 0.191 0.190 0.156 0.212 0.173 0.121 0.363 0.353 0.410 0.260
q1.4a.phys.firstaid 0.252 0.358 0.112 1.000 0.174 0.126 0.238 0.326 0.146 0.223 0.135 0.273 0.120 0.189 0.177 0.189 0.136 0.351 0.157 0.187 0.228 0.194 0.168 0.204 0.216 0.377 0.170 0.306 0.210 0.229 0.173 0.146 0.250 0.132 0.396 0.243 0.150 0.258 0.172 0.225 0.247 0.128 0.255 0.175 0.210 0.187 0.225 0.267 0.290 0.205 0.250
q1.5a.phys.equipment 0.186 0.260 0.255 0.174 1.000 0.110 NaN 0.215 0.248 0.203 0.163 0.444 0.262 0.186 0.185 0.348 0.391 0.216 0.141 0.282 0.250 0.157 0.128 0.191 0.115 0.251 0.151 0.126 0.164 0.211 0.200 0.211 0.191 0.197 0.168 0.226 0.159 0.401 0.226 0.285 0.251 0.228 0.232 0.226 0.245 0.211 0.153 0.103 0.151 0.173 NaN
q1.6a.phys.positive 0.165 0.154 0.139 0.126 0.110 1.000 0.216 0.344 0.249 0.303 0.239 0.345 0.351 0.191 0.215 0.191 0.173 0.212 0.254 0.317 0.294 0.322 0.280 0.317 0.202 0.265 0.260 0.239 0.215 0.338 0.238 0.287 0.314 0.227 0.285 0.300 0.226 0.171 0.220 0.230 0.262 0.202 0.198 0.294 0.218 0.189 0.219 0.140 0.115 0.104 0.298
q1.7a.phys.distraction 0.214 0.246 0.194 0.238 NaN 0.216 1.000 0.329 0.201 0.303 0.359 0.187 0.304 NaN 0.207 0.259 0.151 0.136 0.208 0.285 0.169 0.218 0.242 0.235 0.117 0.211 0.136 0.294 0.272 0.344 0.203 0.261 0.190 0.206 0.217 0.156 0.166 0.149 0.242 0.150 0.210 0.202 0.216 0.215 0.249 0.222 0.254 0.158 0.241 0.221 0.389
q1.8a.phys.injury NaN 0.275 0.255 0.326 0.215 0.344 0.329 1.000 0.299 0.287 0.415 NaN 0.212 NaN 0.210 0.382 0.199 0.254 NaN 0.273 0.200 0.227 0.242 0.263 0.246 0.241 0.159 0.232 0.188 0.376 0.265 NaN 0.283 0.168 0.185 0.295 0.227 NaN 0.241 0.183 0.146 0.276 0.307 0.243 0.249 0.363 0.305 0.271 0.273 0.356 0.356
q1.1b.psych.positive 0.195 0.189 0.142 0.146 0.248 0.249 0.201 0.299 1.000 0.378 0.196 0.214 0.323 0.284 0.244 0.354 0.302 0.206 0.564 0.339 0.248 0.323 0.357 0.297 0.311 0.229 0.424 0.351 0.300 0.180 0.238 0.313 0.438 0.311 0.235 0.267 0.369 0.251 0.172 0.294 0.322 0.209 0.256 0.258 0.278 0.238 0.189 0.158 0.175 0.185 0.257
q1.2b.psych.respect 0.195 0.214 0.199 0.223 0.203 0.303 0.303 0.287 0.378 1.000 0.449 0.256 0.218 0.325 0.237 0.243 0.187 0.205 0.400 0.420 0.270 0.348 0.353 0.313 0.267 0.341 0.311 0.358 0.256 0.327 0.268 0.369 0.419 0.326 0.397 0.317 0.400 0.290 0.233 0.346 0.389 0.196 0.339 0.327 0.305 0.347 0.151 0.222 0.148 0.185 0.295
q1.3b.psych.conflict 0.378 0.279 0.137 0.135 0.163 0.239 0.359 0.415 0.196 0.449 1.000 0.234 0.173 0.285 0.455 0.283 0.233 0.402 0.311 0.264 0.226 0.252 0.271 0.259 0.290 0.266 0.173 0.257 0.248 0.272 0.297 0.274 0.246 0.466 0.287 0.321 0.294 0.154 0.207 0.511 0.218 0.269 0.230 0.283 0.226 0.230 0.173 0.220 0.194 0.141 0.448
q2.1.str.time 0.176 0.241 0.193 0.273 0.444 0.345 0.187 NaN 0.214 0.256 0.234 1.000 0.142 0.164 0.209 NaN 0.351 0.168 0.181 0.235 0.382 0.178 0.192 0.204 0.191 0.193 0.203 0.282 0.252 0.326 0.228 0.195 0.217 0.146 0.200 0.217 0.256 0.247 0.206 0.224 0.307 0.207 0.254 0.257 0.278 0.258 0.227 0.115 0.272 0.217 0.247
q2.2.str.engage 0.213 0.163 0.297 0.120 0.262 0.351 0.304 0.212 0.323 0.218 0.173 0.142 1.000 0.334 0.162 0.278 0.280 0.187 0.366 0.309 0.294 0.226 0.264 0.111 0.159 0.219 0.236 0.116 0.152 0.260 0.264 0.307 0.332 0.262 0.223 0.278 0.177 0.205 0.174 0.348 0.268 0.276 0.168 0.169 0.244 0.125 0.157 0.121 0.155 0.187 0.238
q2.3.str.expectation 0.168 0.154 0.224 0.189 0.186 0.191 NaN NaN 0.284 0.325 0.285 0.164 0.334 1.000 0.241 0.239 0.238 0.244 0.271 0.272 0.226 0.274 0.269 0.270 0.251 0.200 0.265 0.223 0.309 0.223 0.243 0.472 0.273 0.441 0.281 0.270 0.247 0.152 0.285 0.287 0.244 0.266 0.211 0.177 0.202 0.148 0.164 0.152 0.155 0.192 NaN
q2.4.str.purpose 0.324 0.187 0.143 0.177 0.185 0.215 0.207 0.210 0.244 0.237 0.455 0.209 0.162 0.241 1.000 0.280 0.257 0.308 0.273 0.279 0.232 0.280 0.207 0.264 0.270 0.184 0.237 0.265 0.189 0.210 0.173 0.285 0.231 0.363 0.208 0.204 0.293 0.275 0.276 0.336 0.249 0.250 0.268 0.208 0.290 0.189 0.134 0.177 0.273 0.205 0.269
q2.5.str.youth 0.165 0.174 0.165 0.189 0.348 0.191 0.259 0.382 0.354 0.243 0.283 NaN 0.278 0.239 0.280 1.000 0.317 0.162 0.301 0.338 0.282 0.223 0.265 0.238 0.188 0.192 0.236 0.200 0.219 0.307 0.191 0.255 0.278 0.262 0.271 0.260 0.243 0.237 0.301 0.271 0.260 0.228 0.205 0.221 0.275 0.189 0.150 0.117 0.181 0.121 0.373
q2.6.str.org 0.226 0.189 0.181 0.136 0.391 0.173 0.151 0.199 0.302 0.187 0.233 0.351 0.280 0.238 0.257 0.317 1.000 0.265 0.352 0.217 0.327 0.178 0.241 0.150 0.175 0.212 0.246 0.247 0.160 0.263 0.160 0.258 0.204 0.289 0.145 0.205 0.198 0.193 0.275 0.258 0.248 0.235 0.228 0.245 0.316 0.224 0.164 0.163 0.185 0.201 0.256
q2.7.str.support 0.345 0.296 0.144 0.351 0.216 0.212 0.136 0.254 0.206 0.205 0.402 0.168 0.187 0.244 0.308 0.162 0.265 1.000 0.262 0.153 0.183 0.219 0.269 0.194 0.344 0.217 0.182 0.196 0.152 0.174 0.196 0.260 0.184 0.330 0.343 0.201 0.165 0.159 0.228 0.262 0.224 0.224 0.244 0.219 0.237 0.242 0.154 0.189 0.188 0.141 0.250
q3.1.sr.warm 0.150 0.125 0.141 0.157 0.141 0.254 0.208 NaN 0.564 0.400 0.311 0.181 0.366 0.271 0.273 0.301 0.352 0.262 1.000 0.388 0.338 0.458 0.354 0.333 0.312 0.229 0.374 0.281 0.306 0.321 0.298 0.312 0.373 0.377 0.223 0.305 0.456 0.247 0.168 0.315 0.301 0.185 0.262 0.223 0.215 0.215 0.181 0.100 0.137 0.144 NaN
q3.2.sr.interact 0.225 0.197 0.145 0.187 0.282 0.317 0.285 0.273 0.339 0.420 0.264 0.235 0.309 0.272 0.279 0.338 0.217 0.153 0.388 1.000 0.374 0.391 0.256 0.298 0.264 0.237 0.312 0.231 0.246 0.331 0.254 0.337 0.327 0.351 0.260 0.240 0.348 0.147 0.266 0.205 0.301 0.182 0.297 0.253 0.283 0.228 0.175 0.169 0.205 0.170 0.317
q3.3.sr.trust 0.189 0.153 0.211 0.228 0.250 0.294 0.169 0.200 0.248 0.270 0.226 0.382 0.294 0.226 0.232 0.282 0.327 0.183 0.338 0.374 1.000 0.279 0.264 0.209 0.227 0.219 0.352 0.339 0.243 0.208 0.212 0.276 0.285 0.282 0.221 0.284 0.272 0.230 0.214 0.259 0.276 0.222 0.238 0.251 0.304 0.240 0.104 0.136 0.227 0.158 0.265
q3.4.sr.positive 0.226 0.183 0.166 0.194 0.157 0.322 0.218 0.227 0.323 0.348 0.252 0.178 0.226 0.274 0.280 0.223 0.178 0.219 0.458 0.391 0.279 1.000 0.401 0.451 0.311 0.282 0.328 0.386 0.348 0.271 0.225 0.317 0.316 0.373 0.347 0.314 0.286 0.128 0.252 0.229 0.375 0.246 0.320 0.252 0.249 0.222 0.163 0.126 0.130 0.132 0.243
q3.5.sr.encourage 0.173 0.102 0.259 0.168 0.128 0.280 0.242 0.242 0.357 0.353 0.271 0.192 0.264 0.269 0.207 0.265 0.241 0.269 0.354 0.256 0.264 0.401 1.000 0.325 0.390 0.282 0.306 0.286 0.308 0.239 0.196 0.310 0.332 0.253 0.252 0.234 0.307 0.186 0.228 0.207 0.308 0.242 0.268 0.196 0.196 0.264 0.209 0.140 0.145 0.160 0.296
q4.1.otb.positive 0.148 0.198 0.091 0.204 0.191 0.317 0.235 0.263 0.297 0.313 0.259 0.204 0.111 0.270 0.264 0.238 0.150 0.194 0.333 0.298 0.209 0.451 0.325 1.000 0.448 0.252 0.325 0.393 0.249 0.274 0.280 0.349 0.330 0.341 0.373 0.228 0.193 0.170 0.205 0.232 0.389 0.218 0.279 0.208 0.289 0.217 0.243 0.184 0.196 0.150 0.314
q4.2.otb.inclusive 0.161 0.058 0.096 0.216 0.115 0.202 0.117 0.246 0.311 0.267 0.290 0.191 0.159 0.251 0.270 0.188 0.175 0.344 0.312 0.264 0.227 0.311 0.390 0.448 1.000 NaN 0.239 0.267 0.378 0.255 0.267 0.286 0.315 0.257 0.196 0.261 0.322 0.151 0.220 0.243 0.276 0.243 0.246 0.187 0.196 0.226 NaN NaN 0.197 0.151 0.214
q4.3.otb.additional 0.218 0.231 0.203 0.377 0.251 0.265 0.211 0.241 0.229 0.341 0.266 0.193 0.219 0.200 0.184 0.192 0.212 0.217 0.229 0.237 0.219 0.282 0.282 0.252 NaN 1.000 0.183 0.275 0.224 0.223 0.276 0.213 0.340 0.232 0.258 0.271 0.273 0.231 0.251 0.175 0.254 0.323 0.288 0.218 0.226 0.246 0.294 0.294 0.314 0.330 0.234
q5.1.psn.positive 0.177 0.172 0.222 0.170 0.151 0.260 0.136 0.159 0.424 0.311 0.173 0.203 0.236 0.265 0.237 0.236 0.246 0.182 0.374 0.312 0.352 0.328 0.306 0.325 0.239 0.183 1.000 0.440 0.259 0.265 0.209 0.373 0.355 0.234 0.243 0.226 0.314 0.198 0.211 0.169 0.213 0.188 0.201 0.257 0.245 0.261 0.178 0.117 0.252 0.162 0.273
q5.2.psn.fair 0.190 0.171 0.132 0.306 0.126 0.239 0.294 0.232 0.351 0.358 0.257 0.282 0.116 0.223 0.265 0.200 0.247 0.196 0.281 0.231 0.339 0.386 0.286 0.393 0.267 0.275 0.440 1.000 0.216 0.228 0.229 0.271 0.314 0.280 0.321 0.221 0.277 NaN 0.315 0.285 0.295 0.290 0.236 0.288 0.292 0.229 NaN NaN NaN 0.132 0.223
q5.3.psn.sportsperson 0.179 0.147 0.265 0.210 0.164 0.215 0.272 0.188 0.300 0.256 0.248 0.252 0.152 0.309 0.189 0.219 0.160 0.152 0.306 0.246 0.243 0.348 0.308 0.249 0.378 0.224 0.259 0.216 1.000 0.286 0.259 0.392 0.384 0.277 0.195 0.277 0.216 0.145 0.166 0.193 0.202 0.222 0.261 0.163 0.180 0.195 0.171 0.163 0.200 0.145 0.277
q6.1.sem.development 0.186 0.266 0.159 0.229 0.211 0.338 0.344 0.376 0.180 0.327 0.272 0.326 0.260 0.223 0.210 0.307 0.263 0.174 0.321 0.331 0.208 0.271 0.239 0.274 0.255 0.223 0.265 0.228 0.286 1.000 0.265 0.261 0.263 0.260 0.327 0.252 0.289 0.162 0.241 0.246 0.318 0.276 0.244 0.176 0.170 0.178 0.246 0.179 0.171 0.164 0.262
q6.2.sem.choice 0.235 0.244 0.255 0.173 0.200 0.238 0.203 0.265 0.238 0.268 0.297 0.228 0.264 0.243 0.173 0.191 0.160 0.196 0.298 0.254 0.212 0.225 0.196 0.280 0.267 0.276 0.209 0.229 0.259 0.265 1.000 0.222 0.255 0.215 0.170 0.236 0.269 0.147 0.184 0.204 0.188 0.271 0.258 0.265 0.256 0.236 0.231 0.188 0.220 0.160 0.250
q6.3.sem.acheivement 0.137 0.175 0.205 0.146 0.211 0.287 0.261 NaN 0.313 0.369 0.274 0.195 0.307 0.472 0.285 0.255 0.258 0.260 0.312 0.337 0.276 0.317 0.310 0.349 0.286 0.213 0.373 0.271 0.392 0.261 0.222 1.000 0.408 0.584 0.339 0.305 0.419 0.217 0.337 0.247 0.298 0.261 0.263 0.288 0.292 0.242 0.231 0.160 0.175 0.162 0.338
q6.4.sem.mentor 0.214 0.327 0.193 0.250 0.191 0.314 0.190 0.283 0.438 0.419 0.246 0.217 0.332 0.273 0.231 0.278 0.204 0.184 0.373 0.327 0.285 0.316 0.332 0.330 0.315 0.340 0.355 0.314 0.384 0.263 0.255 0.408 1.000 0.376 0.301 0.339 0.394 0.254 0.270 0.284 0.329 0.314 0.280 0.287 0.282 0.340 0.294 0.208 0.178 0.216 0.280
q6.5.sem.feedback 0.345 0.214 0.146 0.132 0.197 0.227 0.206 0.168 0.311 0.326 0.466 0.146 0.262 0.441 0.363 0.262 0.289 0.330 0.377 0.351 0.282 0.373 0.253 0.341 0.257 0.232 0.234 0.280 0.277 0.260 0.215 0.584 0.376 1.000 NaN 0.342 0.375 0.238 0.272 0.365 0.350 0.244 0.262 0.233 0.288 0.258 0.192 0.155 0.108 0.150 0.333
q6.6.sem.constructive 0.292 0.423 0.106 0.396 0.168 0.285 0.217 0.185 0.235 0.397 0.287 0.200 0.223 0.281 0.208 0.271 0.145 0.343 0.223 0.260 0.221 0.347 0.252 0.373 0.196 0.258 0.243 0.321 0.195 0.327 0.170 0.339 0.301 NaN 1.000 0.388 NaN 0.168 0.307 0.347 0.371 0.262 0.215 0.213 0.202 0.191 0.160 0.119 0.167 NaN 0.189
q6.7.sem.contribution 0.187 0.119 0.168 0.243 0.226 0.300 0.156 0.295 0.267 0.317 0.321 0.217 0.278 0.270 0.204 0.260 0.205 0.201 0.305 0.240 0.284 0.314 0.234 0.228 0.261 0.271 0.226 0.221 0.277 0.252 0.236 0.305 0.339 0.342 0.388 1.000 0.329 0.208 0.233 0.290 0.319 0.270 0.230 0.277 0.231 0.227 0.208 0.213 0.177 0.185 0.183
q6.8.sem.listen 0.265 0.139 0.193 0.150 0.159 0.226 0.166 0.227 0.369 0.400 0.294 0.256 0.177 0.247 0.293 0.243 0.198 0.165 0.456 0.348 0.272 0.286 0.307 0.193 0.322 0.273 0.314 0.277 0.216 0.289 0.269 0.419 0.394 0.375 NaN 0.329 1.000 0.215 0.273 0.334 0.315 0.212 0.302 0.308 0.352 0.306 0.186 0.170 0.142 0.205 0.237
q7.1a.sps.fundamental 0.121 0.160 0.054 0.258 0.401 0.171 0.149 NaN 0.251 0.290 0.154 0.247 0.205 0.152 0.275 0.237 0.193 0.159 0.247 0.147 0.230 0.128 0.186 0.170 0.151 0.231 0.198 NaN 0.145 0.162 0.147 0.217 0.254 0.238 0.168 0.208 0.215 1.000 0.309 0.380 0.221 0.247 0.278 0.266 0.218 0.215 0.146 0.095 0.140 0.142 0.206
q7.2a.sps.development 0.148 0.170 0.164 0.172 0.226 0.220 0.242 0.241 0.172 0.233 0.207 0.206 0.174 0.285 0.276 0.301 0.275 0.228 0.168 0.266 0.214 0.252 0.228 0.205 0.220 0.251 0.211 0.315 0.166 0.241 0.184 0.337 0.270 0.272 0.307 0.233 0.273 0.309 1.000 0.307 0.250 0.354 0.281 0.338 0.329 0.294 0.155 0.175 0.198 0.165 0.275
q7.3a.sps.model 0.257 0.237 0.214 0.225 0.285 0.230 0.150 0.183 0.294 0.346 0.511 0.224 0.348 0.287 0.336 0.271 0.258 0.262 0.315 0.205 0.259 0.229 0.207 0.232 0.243 0.175 0.169 0.285 0.193 0.246 0.204 0.247 0.284 0.365 0.347 0.290 0.334 0.380 0.307 1.000 0.425 0.244 0.215 0.284 0.283 0.206 0.198 0.107 0.182 0.156 0.207
q7.4a.sps.opportunity 0.208 0.272 0.168 0.247 0.251 0.262 0.210 0.146 0.322 0.389 0.218 0.307 0.268 0.244 0.249 0.260 0.248 0.224 0.301 0.301 0.276 0.375 0.308 0.389 0.276 0.254 0.213 0.295 0.202 0.318 0.188 0.298 0.329 0.350 0.371 0.319 0.315 0.221 0.250 0.425 1.000 0.257 0.261 0.255 0.281 0.213 0.142 0.235 0.121 0.173 0.225
q7.5a.sps.reflect 0.188 0.183 0.191 0.128 0.228 0.202 0.202 0.276 0.209 0.196 0.269 0.207 0.276 0.266 0.250 0.228 0.235 0.224 0.185 0.182 0.222 0.246 0.242 0.218 0.243 0.323 0.188 0.290 0.222 0.276 0.271 0.261 0.314 0.244 0.262 0.270 0.212 0.247 0.354 0.244 0.257 1.000 0.288 0.280 0.359 0.239 0.163 0.214 0.193 0.261 0.308
q7.1b.ls.importance 0.187 0.214 0.190 0.255 0.232 0.198 0.216 0.307 0.256 0.339 0.230 0.254 0.168 0.211 0.268 0.205 0.228 0.244 0.262 0.297 0.238 0.320 0.268 0.279 0.246 0.288 0.201 0.236 0.261 0.244 0.258 0.263 0.280 0.262 0.215 0.230 0.302 0.278 0.281 0.215 0.261 0.288 1.000 0.577 0.508 0.522 0.188 0.178 0.166 0.177 0.289
q7.2b.ls.model 0.208 0.160 0.156 0.175 0.226 0.294 0.215 0.243 0.258 0.327 0.283 0.257 0.169 0.177 0.208 0.221 0.245 0.219 0.223 0.253 0.251 0.252 0.196 0.208 0.187 0.218 0.257 0.288 0.163 0.176 0.265 0.288 0.287 0.233 0.213 0.277 0.308 0.266 0.338 0.284 0.255 0.280 0.577 1.000 0.598 0.475 0.228 0.194 0.204 0.179 0.224
q7.3b.ls.opportunity 0.182 0.190 0.212 0.210 0.245 0.218 0.249 0.249 0.278 0.305 0.226 0.278 0.244 0.202 0.290 0.275 0.316 0.237 0.215 0.283 0.304 0.249 0.196 0.289 0.196 0.226 0.245 0.292 0.180 0.170 0.256 0.292 0.282 0.288 0.202 0.231 0.352 0.218 0.329 0.283 0.281 0.359 0.508 0.598 1.000 0.520 0.208 0.197 0.174 0.239 0.291
q7.4b.debrief 0.215 0.157 0.173 0.187 0.211 0.189 0.222 0.363 0.238 0.347 0.230 0.258 0.125 0.148 0.189 0.189 0.224 0.242 0.215 0.228 0.240 0.222 0.264 0.217 0.226 0.246 0.261 0.229 0.195 0.178 0.236 0.242 0.340 0.258 0.191 0.227 0.306 0.215 0.294 0.206 0.213 0.239 0.522 0.475 0.520 1.000 0.185 NaN 0.233 0.196 0.300
q8.1.int.welcome 0.177 0.127 0.121 0.225 0.153 0.219 0.254 0.305 0.189 0.151 0.173 0.227 0.157 0.164 0.134 0.150 0.164 0.154 0.181 0.175 0.104 0.163 0.209 0.243 NaN 0.294 0.178 NaN 0.171 0.246 0.231 0.231 0.294 0.192 0.160 0.208 0.186 0.146 0.155 0.198 0.142 0.163 0.188 0.228 0.208 0.185 1.000 NaN 0.376 0.280 0.350
q8.2.int.involved 0.215 0.141 0.363 0.267 0.103 0.140 0.158 0.271 0.158 0.222 0.220 0.115 0.121 0.152 0.177 0.117 0.163 0.189 0.100 0.169 0.136 0.126 0.140 0.184 NaN 0.294 0.117 NaN 0.163 0.179 0.188 0.160 0.208 0.155 0.119 0.213 0.170 0.095 0.175 0.107 0.235 0.214 0.178 0.194 0.197 NaN NaN 1.000 0.450 0.491 0.250
q8.3.int.school 0.362 0.125 0.353 0.290 0.151 0.115 0.241 0.273 0.175 0.148 0.194 0.272 0.155 0.155 0.273 0.181 0.185 0.188 0.137 0.205 0.227 0.130 0.145 0.196 0.197 0.314 0.252 NaN 0.200 0.171 0.220 0.175 0.178 0.108 0.167 0.177 0.142 0.140 0.198 0.182 0.121 0.193 0.166 0.204 0.174 0.233 0.376 0.450 1.000 0.463 0.298
q8.4.int.community 0.297 0.116 0.410 0.205 0.173 0.104 0.221 0.356 0.185 0.185 0.141 0.217 0.187 0.192 0.205 0.121 0.201 0.141 0.144 0.170 0.158 0.132 0.160 0.150 0.151 0.330 0.162 0.132 0.145 0.164 0.160 0.162 0.216 0.150 NaN 0.185 0.205 0.142 0.165 0.156 0.173 0.261 0.177 0.179 0.239 0.196 0.280 0.491 0.463 1.000 0.252
q8.5.int.communication 0.329 0.246 0.260 0.250 NaN 0.298 0.389 0.356 0.257 0.295 0.448 0.247 0.238 NaN 0.269 0.373 0.256 0.250 NaN 0.317 0.265 0.243 0.296 0.314 0.214 0.234 0.273 0.223 0.277 0.262 0.250 0.338 0.280 0.333 0.189 0.183 0.237 0.206 0.275 0.207 0.225 0.308 0.289 0.224 0.291 0.300 0.350 0.250 0.298 0.252 1.000

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value exceeded 0.7, suggesting sufficient internal consistency.

Metric
Items 51
Sample Units 126
Crohnbach’s Alpha 0.871

Test-retest reliability

Table 8: Unsure if we can proceed with this. Were the raters always the same from T1 to T2? There are also many programs that we would need to collapse, which may not be appropriate.

Factor analysis EFA

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   1.000   1.000   2.000   5.392   4.500  52.000
## Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin factor adequacy
## Call: KMO(r = pqays.efa)
## Overall MSA =  0.69
## MSA for each item = 
##      q1.1a.phys.hazard q1.2a.phys.appropriate q1.3a.phys.supervision 
##                   0.54                   0.37                   0.54 
##    q1.4a.phys.firstaid   q1.5a.phys.equipment    q1.6a.phys.positive 
##                   0.39                   0.58                   0.76 
##   q1.1b.psych.positive    q1.2b.psych.respect          q2.1.str.time 
##                   0.77                   0.79                   0.53 
##        q2.2.str.engage   q2.3.str.expectation       q2.4.str.purpose 
##                   0.74                   0.87                   0.67 
##         q2.5.str.youth           q2.6.str.org       q2.7.str.support 
##                   0.71                   0.68                   0.52 
##           q3.1.sr.warm       q3.2.sr.interact          q3.3.sr.trust 
##                   0.73                   0.79                   0.72 
##       q3.4.sr.positive      q3.5.sr.encourage      q4.1.otb.positive 
##                   0.81                   0.78                   0.69 
##     q4.2.otb.inclusive    q4.3.otb.additional      q5.1.psn.positive 
##                   0.68                   0.74                   0.61 
##          q5.2.psn.fair  q5.3.psn.sportsperson   q6.1.sem.development 
##                   0.79                   0.75                   0.70 
##        q6.2.sem.choice   q6.3.sem.acheivement        q6.4.sem.mentor 
##                   0.56                   0.78                   0.70 
##      q6.5.sem.feedback  q6.6.sem.constructive  q6.7.sem.contribution 
##                   0.76                   0.73                   0.74 
##        q6.8.sem.listen  q7.1a.sps.fundamental  q7.2a.sps.development 
##                   0.70                   0.64                   0.81 
##        q7.3a.sps.model  q7.4a.sps.opportunity      q7.5a.sps.reflect 
##                   0.57                   0.79                   0.70 
##    q7.1b.ls.importance         q7.2b.ls.model   q7.3b.ls.opportunity 
##                   0.63                   0.59                   0.63 
##          q7.4b.debrief       q8.1.int.welcome      q8.2.int.involved 
##                   0.67                   0.44                   0.59 
##        q8.3.int.school     q8.4.int.community 
##                   0.41                   0.45
## R was not square, finding R from data
## $chisq
## [1] 2517.427
## 
## $p.value
## [1] 4.248177e-116
## 
## $df
## [1] 1081
##  [1] 10.10203103  4.43187640  2.92805049  2.46048495  2.12320597  1.94915778
##  [7]  1.69737041  1.66539429  1.42297522  1.33581933  1.24889922  1.02607278
## [13]  0.98881023  0.92486882  0.89242299  0.85865547  0.81786266  0.76401124
## [19]  0.73350595  0.70246565  0.64731466  0.62847065  0.57964803  0.56397542
## [25]  0.50969704  0.44306897  0.42222302  0.40400446  0.39309631  0.39059046
## [31]  0.34338457  0.32108988  0.30009187  0.25791195  0.23216596  0.21611756
## [37]  0.21378303  0.16042810  0.15364906  0.13782569  0.12741825  0.11722036
## [43]  0.09968526  0.08702723  0.07538416  0.06282379  0.03796338

## Scree of eigen values 
## Call: NULL
## Eigen values of factors  [1]  9.40  3.54  1.99  1.68  1.29  1.14  0.92  0.84  0.62  0.52  0.46  0.25
## [13]  0.18  0.17  0.11  0.05  0.03  0.00 -0.05 -0.06 -0.12 -0.16 -0.16 -0.22
## [25] -0.26 -0.28 -0.31 -0.36 -0.38 -0.41 -0.43 -0.48 -0.50 -0.52 -0.55 -0.57
## [37] -0.60 -0.61 -0.64 -0.66 -0.67 -0.71 -0.73 -0.78 -0.81 -0.83 -0.91

## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  5  and the number of components =  NA
## 
## Call:
## factanal(x = pqays.efa, factors = pqays.nfacs, rotation = "promax")
## 
## Uniquenesses:
##      q1.1a.phys.hazard q1.2a.phys.appropriate q1.3a.phys.supervision 
##                   0.97                   0.92                   0.88 
##    q1.4a.phys.firstaid   q1.5a.phys.equipment    q1.6a.phys.positive 
##                   0.95                   0.88                   0.73 
##   q1.1b.psych.positive    q1.2b.psych.respect          q2.1.str.time 
##                   0.55                   0.67                   0.86 
##        q2.2.str.engage   q2.3.str.expectation       q2.4.str.purpose 
##                   0.74                   0.66                   0.77 
##         q2.5.str.youth           q2.6.str.org       q2.7.str.support 
##                   0.58                   0.70                   0.88 
##           q3.1.sr.warm       q3.2.sr.interact          q3.3.sr.trust 
##                   0.49                   0.54                   0.63 
##       q3.4.sr.positive      q3.5.sr.encourage      q4.1.otb.positive 
##                   0.39                   0.48                   0.54 
##     q4.2.otb.inclusive    q4.3.otb.additional      q5.1.psn.positive 
##                   0.63                   0.80                   0.57 
##          q5.2.psn.fair  q5.3.psn.sportsperson   q6.1.sem.development 
##                   0.60                   0.72                   0.81 
##        q6.2.sem.choice   q6.3.sem.acheivement        q6.4.sem.mentor 
##                   0.94                   0.47                   0.72 
##      q6.5.sem.feedback  q6.6.sem.constructive  q6.7.sem.contribution 
##                   0.48                   0.56                   0.57 
##        q6.8.sem.listen  q7.1a.sps.fundamental  q7.2a.sps.development 
##                   0.72                   0.84                   0.55 
##        q7.3a.sps.model  q7.4a.sps.opportunity      q7.5a.sps.reflect 
##                   0.77                   0.68                   0.60 
##    q7.1b.ls.importance         q7.2b.ls.model   q7.3b.ls.opportunity 
##                   0.20                   0.16                   0.17 
##          q7.4b.debrief       q8.1.int.welcome      q8.2.int.involved 
##                   0.34                   1.00                   0.96 
##        q8.3.int.school     q8.4.int.community 
##                   0.98                   0.98 
## 
## Loadings:
##                        Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## q2.5.str.youth          0.63                  
## q2.6.str.org            0.56                  
## q6.3.sem.acheivement    0.61                  
## q6.5.sem.feedback       0.74                  
## q6.6.sem.constructive   0.72                  
## q6.7.sem.contribution   0.69                  
## q7.2a.sps.development   0.56            0.34  
## q7.3a.sps.model         0.54                  
## q7.4a.sps.opportunity   0.53                  
## q7.5a.sps.reflect       0.51            0.33  
## q1.1b.psych.positive            0.66          
## q3.1.sr.warm                    0.52          
## q3.4.sr.positive                0.87          
## q3.5.sr.encourage               0.66          
## q4.1.otb.positive               0.76          
## q4.2.otb.inclusive              0.63          
## q5.1.psn.positive               0.73          
## q5.2.psn.fair                   0.56          
## q7.1b.ls.importance                     0.89  
## q7.2b.ls.model                          0.94  
## q7.3b.ls.opportunity                    0.93  
## q7.4b.debrief                           0.82  
## q1.1a.phys.hazard                             
## q1.2a.phys.appropriate  0.32                  
## q1.3a.phys.supervision          0.36          
## q1.4a.phys.firstaid                           
## q1.5a.phys.equipment                          
## q1.6a.phys.positive             0.32          
## q1.2b.psych.respect             0.47          
## q2.1.str.time           0.30                  
## q2.2.str.engage         0.35                  
## q2.3.str.expectation    0.42                  
## q2.4.str.purpose        0.34                  
## q2.7.str.support        0.41                  
## q3.2.sr.interact        0.31    0.45          
## q3.3.sr.trust                   0.40          
## q4.3.otb.additional     0.35                  
## q5.3.psn.sportsperson           0.46          
## q6.1.sem.development    0.48                  
## q6.2.sem.choice                               
## q6.4.sem.mentor                               
## q6.8.sem.listen                 0.35          
## q7.1a.sps.fundamental                         
## q8.1.int.welcome                              
## q8.2.int.involved                             
## q8.3.int.school                               
## q8.4.int.community                            
## 
##                Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## SS loadings       5.69    5.49    3.95
## Proportion Var    0.12    0.12    0.08
## Cumulative Var    0.12    0.24    0.32
## 
## Factor Correlations:
##         Factor1 Factor2 Factor3
## Factor1   1.000  -0.015   -0.28
## Factor2  -0.015   1.000    0.59
## Factor3  -0.282   0.587    1.00
## 
## Test of the hypothesis that 3 factors are sufficient.
## The chi square statistic is 1329.11 on 943 degrees of freedom.
## The p-value is 1.2e-15

Factor analysis MFA

## Warning: package 'FactoMineR' was built under R version 4.2.3
## Warning: package 'factoextra' was built under R version 4.2.3
## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra-related books at https://goo.gl/ve3WBa
## Warning: ggrepel: 1 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider
## increasing max.overlaps

## Warning: ggrepel: 101 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider
## increasing max.overlaps

## Warning: ggrepel: 15 unlabeled data points (too many overlaps). Consider
## increasing max.overlaps

## **Results of the Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA)**
## The analysis was performed on 126 individuals, described by 51 variables
## *Results are available in the following objects :
## 
##   name                 description                                    
## 1 "$eig"               "eigenvalues"                                  
## 2 "$separate.analyses" "separate analyses for each group of variables"
## 3 "$group"             "results for all the groups"                   
## 4 "$partial.axes"      "results for the partial axes"                 
## 5 "$inertia.ratio"     "inertia ratio"                                
## 6 "$ind"               "results for the individuals"                  
## 7 "$quanti.var"        "results for the quantitative variables"       
## 8 "$summary.quanti"    "summary for the quantitative variables"       
## 9 "$global.pca"        "results for the global PCA"
##       eigenvalue variance.percent cumulative.variance.percent
## Dim.1  3.8270861        20.133882                    20.13388
## Dim.2  2.0167629        10.609969                    30.74385
## Dim.3  1.2624498         6.641611                    37.38546
## Dim.4  1.0172805         5.351802                    42.73726
## Dim.5  0.9306912         4.896264                    47.63353
## Dim.6  0.9050951         4.761606                    52.39513

## Multiple Factor Analysis results for variable groups 
##  ===================================================
##   Name           Description                                          
## 1 "$coord"       "Coordinates"                                        
## 2 "$cos2"        "Cos2, quality of representation"                    
## 3 "$contrib"     "Contributions"                                      
## 4 "$correlation" "Correlation between groups and principal dimensions"

## Multiple Factor Analysis results for individuals 
##  ===================================================
##   Name                      Description                      
## 1 "$coord"                  "Coordinates"                    
## 2 "$cos2"                   "Cos2, quality of representation"
## 3 "$contrib"                "Contributions"                  
## 4 "$coord.partiel"          "Partial coordinates"            
## 5 "$within.inertia"         "Within inertia"                 
## 6 "$within.partial.inertia" "Within partial inertia"

PQAYS V2

Overview

Table 1: Likert plot for all responses on the PQAYS 2.0 questionnaire, in rank order. The sample size for this version of PQAYS is limited, and with only two response levels (“Yes” and “No”), the results should be very cautiously interpreted.

Missingness rate

Table 2: 6 items exceed the critical missingness rate of 10%.

Missingness (%)
q1.1.space.hazard 0%
q1.2.space.appropriate 0%
q1.3.appropriate.equipment 0%
q1.4.emotional.climate 0%
q1.5.youth.respectful 0%
q2.1.coaches.engaged 0%
q2.2.activities.explained 0%
q2.3.activities.inclusive 0%
q2.4.program.effective 0%
q3.1.youth.welcome 0%
q3.2.youth.coach 0%
q3.3.staff.interest 0%
q3.4.activities.encourage 0%
q3.5.coaches.model 0%
q3.6.youth.positive 0%
q4.1.develop.appropriate 0%
q4.2.youth.decisions 0%
q4.3.coaches.listen 0%
q4.4.effort.progress 0%
q4.5.youth.mentor 0%
q4.6.constructive.feedback 0%
q5.1.coaches.understand 0%
q5.2.skill.relevancy 0%
q5.3.youth.observe 0%
q5.4.time.opportunity 0%
q5.5.opportunities.reflect 0%
q5.6.debrief 0%
q6.1.families.observe 0%
q6.2.parent.coach 0%
q6.3.family.involvement 0%
q6.4.school.opportunities 0% 

## 
##  Missings in variables:
## [1] Variable Count   
## <0 rows> (or 0-length row.names)

Floor-and-ceiling effects

With only two response options (“Yes” and “No”), this test offers limited insight (since the only two response options are the “floor” and “ceiling”). 22/31 questions had >80% of responses in the “Yes” category.

## Frequencies  
## pqays2.only$q1.1.space.hazard  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.2.space.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.3.appropriate.equipment  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.4.emotional.climate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.5.youth.respectful  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.1.coaches.engaged  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.2.activities.explained  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.3.activities.inclusive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.4.program.effective  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.1.youth.welcome  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.2.youth.coach  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.3.staff.interest  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.4.activities.encourage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.5.coaches.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.6.youth.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.1.develop.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.2.youth.decisions  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.3.coaches.listen  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.4.effort.progress  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.5.youth.mentor  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.6.constructive.feedback  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.1.coaches.understand  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      2     20.00          20.00     20.00          20.00
##           1      8     80.00         100.00     80.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.2.skill.relevancy  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.3.youth.observe  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.4.time.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.5.opportunities.reflect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.6.debrief  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      5     50.00          50.00     50.00          50.00
##           1      5     50.00         100.00     50.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.1.families.observe  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.2.parent.coach  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.3.family.involvement  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      6     60.00          60.00     60.00          60.00
##           1      4     40.00         100.00     40.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.4.school.opportunities  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      8     80.00          80.00     80.00          80.00
##           1      2     20.00         100.00     20.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Single-item endorsement

Greater than 50% rule is violated for 31/31 items. With only two response options (“Yes” and “No”), this test offers limited insight.

## Frequencies  
## pqays2.only$q1.1.space.hazard  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.2.space.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.3.appropriate.equipment  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.4.emotional.climate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q1.5.youth.respectful  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.1.coaches.engaged  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.2.activities.explained  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.3.activities.inclusive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q2.4.program.effective  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.1.youth.welcome  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.2.youth.coach  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.3.staff.interest  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.4.activities.encourage  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.5.coaches.model  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q3.6.youth.positive  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.1.develop.appropriate  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.2.youth.decisions  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.3.coaches.listen  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.4.effort.progress  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.5.youth.mentor  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q4.6.constructive.feedback  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.1.coaches.understand  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      2     20.00          20.00     20.00          20.00
##           1      8     80.00         100.00     80.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.2.skill.relevancy  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      3     30.00          30.00     30.00          30.00
##           1      7     70.00         100.00     70.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.3.youth.observe  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      1     10.00          10.00     10.00          10.00
##           1      9     90.00         100.00     90.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.4.time.opportunity  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           1     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.5.opportunities.reflect  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q5.6.debrief  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      5     50.00          50.00     50.00          50.00
##           1      5     50.00         100.00     50.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.1.families.observe  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.2.parent.coach  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      4     40.00          40.00     40.00          40.00
##           1      6     60.00         100.00     60.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.3.family.involvement  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      6     60.00          60.00     60.00          60.00
##           1      4     40.00         100.00     40.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00
## 
## pqays2.only$q6.4.school.opportunities  
## Type: Numeric  
## 
##               Freq   % Valid   % Valid Cum.   % Total   % Total Cum.
## ----------- ------ --------- -------------- --------- --------------
##           0      8     80.00          80.00     80.00          80.00
##           1      2     20.00         100.00     20.00         100.00
##        <NA>      0                               0.00         100.00
##       Total     10    100.00         100.00    100.00         100.00

Skewness

Table 5: 3/31 iiems exceed a skewness> |2|. Skewness cannot be assessed for 15 items where all responses fall into one category (“Yes”), as there is no distribution of data to assess the skewness of.

##          q1.1.space.hazard     q1.2.space.appropriate 
##                        NaN                        NaN 
## q1.3.appropriate.equipment     q1.4.emotional.climate 
##                        NaN                        NaN 
##      q1.5.youth.respectful       q2.1.coaches.engaged 
##                        NaN                     -0.873 
##  q2.2.activities.explained  q2.3.activities.inclusive 
##                        NaN                        NaN 
##     q2.4.program.effective         q3.1.youth.welcome 
##                     -0.873                        NaN 
##           q3.2.youth.coach        q3.3.staff.interest 
##                        NaN                     -2.667 
##  q3.4.activities.encourage         q3.5.coaches.model 
##                        NaN                        NaN 
##        q3.6.youth.positive   q4.1.develop.appropriate 
##                        NaN                     -2.667 
##       q4.2.youth.decisions        q4.3.coaches.listen 
##                     -0.408                        NaN 
##       q4.4.effort.progress          q4.5.youth.mentor 
##                        NaN                        NaN 
## q4.6.constructive.feedback    q5.1.coaches.understand 
##                        NaN                     -1.500 
##       q5.2.skill.relevancy         q5.3.youth.observe 
##                     -0.873                     -2.667 
##      q5.4.time.opportunity q5.5.opportunities.reflect 
##                        NaN                     -0.408 
##               q5.6.debrief      q6.1.families.observe 
##                      0.000                     -0.408 
##          q6.2.parent.coach    q6.3.family.involvement 
##                     -0.408                      0.408 
##  q6.4.school.opportunities 
##                      1.500

Inter-item correlations

Table 6: With questions that have only two response levels, we cannot assess inter-item correlations as we have in the past. We can consider another approach here, but it would depart from Classical Test Theory. I’m not sure what the best approach is right now. But currently, with very little spread in the data, it seems that most questions draw a similar response (with most having >80% “Yes” responses).

Cronbach’s alpha

Table 7: r-value does not exceed 0.7, suggesting that there is not sufficient internal consistency. However, with n=10 and only “Yes”/“No” responses, this test too should be interpreted with significant caution. It may not be appropriate for the outcome measure given how it is set up now.

Metric
Items 31
Sample Units 10
Crohnbach’s Alpha -0.171