(I) Sample check

Total number of respondents: 1643

Total number of valid respondents: 969

Valid answers are a complete survey answer in which the respondent has agreed to answer, is a migrant or refugee, lives in Brazil for more than 6 months and has answered at least the demographic and financial services questions.

Number of respondents per organization:

org answers percentage
Centro do Imigrante 201 0.21
Adra 160 0.17
Hermanitos 151 0.16
Caritas SP 138 0.14
Referral 75 0.08
Aldeias RS 72 0.07
Toti 71 0.07
IMDH 30 0.03
SJMR RR 17 0.02
Caritas RJ 12 0.01
Refugiados Empreendedores 12 0.01
Museu A CASA 11 0.01
SJMR RS 11 0.01
Cooperativa de Bolivianas SP 5 0.01
AVSI 2 0.00
Bolivianos SP 1 0.00

All question numbers below are based on the codebook file saved as excel spreadsheet

(II) Socio-demographics questions

13. Sex distribution

sex answers percentage
Female 663 0.68
Male 304 0.31
NA 2 0.00

14. Average age: 36.44

15. Marital Status

marital_stat answers percentage
Single 567 0.59
Stable Union 185 0.19
Married 180 0.19
Divorced 26 0.03
Widowed 11 0.01

16. Do you live with your family?

live_fam answers percentage
Yes 705 0.73
No 264 0.27

17. How many members of the family live with you in the same house?

P17 answers percentage
4 182 0.26
3 171 0.24
5 96 0.14
2 84 0.12
6 55 0.08
7 46 0.07
1 36 0.05
8 19 0.03
9 6 0.01
10 6 0.01
11 2 0.00
13 1 0.00
14 1 0.00

18. Are you the household head?

house_head answers percentage
Yes 571 0.81
No 134 0.19

19. If you are not the household head, who is?

not_house_head answers percentage
Spouse 71 0.54
NA/Other 18 0.14
Me along with other members 17 0.13
Parents 17 0.13
Siblings 7 0.05
Grandparents 2 0.02

20. What is your education level?

educ answers percentage
Secondary (complete) 264 0.27
Undergraduate (complete) 257 0.27
Undergraduate (incomplete) 156 0.16
Secondary (incomplete) 130 0.13
Primary (complete) 47 0.05
Primary (incomplete) 43 0.04
Postgraduate (complete) 40 0.04
NA/Other 21 0.02
Postgraduate (incomplete) 11 0.01

21. What languages do they speak?

lang answers percentage
Spanish 908 0.94
Portuguese 664 0.69
English 95 0.10
French 33 0.03
Arabic 10 0.01
Other 55 0.06

22. Are you or have you taken Portuguese classes?

port answers percentage
No 559 0.58
Yes 410 0.42

23. State of Brazil you are currently living in

region answers percentage
São Paulo 380 0.39
Roraima 197 0.20
Amazonas 168 0.17
Rio Grande do Sul 84 0.09
Other 41 0.04
Distrito Federal 32 0.03
Rio de Janeiro 29 0.03
Santa Catarina 15 0.02
Paraná 11 0.01
Mato Grosso 6 0.01
Minas Gerais 3 0.00
Mato Grosso do Sul 2 0.00
Pará 1 0.00

(III) Migration profile questions

24. Which country are you from?

nacionality answers percentage
Venezuela 798 0.82
Bolivia 74 0.08
Cuba 16 0.02
Angola 16 0.02
Haiti 9 0.01
Congo 8 0.01
Colombia 6 0.01
Guiné-Bissau 6 0.01
Paraguai 5 0.01
Syria 4 0.00
Peru 4 0.00
Afghanistan 2 0.00
Burkina Faso 2 0.00
Costa do Marfim 2 0.00
Peruano 2 0.00
Afeganistão 1 0.00
Anzoátegui 1 0.00
Benin 1 0.00
Chile 1 0.00
Egito 1 0.00
Equador 1 0.00
Guiné Bissau 1 0.00
India 1 0.00
Iêmen 1 0.00
Marrocos 1 0.00
Paquistão 1 0.00
Russia 1 0.00
Senegal 1 0.00
TUNISIA 1 0.00
Venezuela 1 0.00

25. Did you participate in the interiorization program?

Only Venezuelans that were living in Roraima are eligible.

interior answers percentage
No 490 0.67
Yes 237 0.33

26. What factors motivated you to migrate?

motiv answers percentage
Looking for better economic opportunities 803 0.83
Fleeing human rights violation 296 0.31
Fleeing war, conflict or violence 109 0.11
Other 88 0.09
Fleeing persecution 81 0.08
Transit country to another destination 14 0.01
Fleeing natural disasters 9 0.01

27. In which year did you arrive in Brazil?

arrival answers percentage
2022 191 0.20
2019 191 0.20
2021 180 0.19
2018 167 0.17
2020 94 0.10
2017 52 0.05
2012 30 0.03
2016 22 0.02
2015 17 0.02
2014 14 0.01
2013 11 0.01

28. With who did you travel to Brazil?

travel_comp answers percentage
Family 501 0.52
Alone 312 0.32
Other 77 0.08
Friends 66 0.07
Prefer not to answer 13 0.01

29. What is your current migratory status?

status answers percentage
Residence permit 581 0.60
Refugee 250 0.26
Asylum seeker 92 0.09
NA/Other 38 0.04
Undocumented 8 0.01

30. What documents from your country of origin do you have?

docu_orig answers percentage
Identity card 842 0.87
Birth certificate 606 0.63
Wedding certificate 107 0.11
Passport 289 0.30
None 14 0.01
Other 44 0.05

31. What Brazilian documents do you have?

Entire sample

docu answers percentage
CPF (identy number) 905 0.93
RNE/RNM (residence permit) 877 0.91
Work permit 329 0.34
Asylum protocol 64 0.07
Other 35 0.04
Passport 24 0.02
None 1 0.00
I don’t know 1 0.00

By income source

By income activity

32. In which state did you first arrive in Brazil?

region_arr answers percentage
Roraima 519 0.54
São Paulo 167 0.17
Amazonas 144 0.15
Other 66 0.07
Paraná 17 0.02
Acre 12 0.01
Distrito Federal 11 0.01
Pará 8 0.01
Rio Grande do Sul 8 0.01
Rio de Janeiro 6 0.01
Santa Catarina 5 0.01
Mato Grosso 3 0.00
Amapá 1 0.00
Mato Grosso do Sul 1 0.00
Minas Gerais 1 0.00

33. Do you plan on moving to another city within Brazil in the next 6 months?

move_br answers percentage
No 663 0.68
Not sure 175 0.18
Yes 131 0.14

34. Do you plan on staying in Brazil for the next two years?

move_out answers percentage
Yes 855 0.88
Not sure yet 79 0.08
No, plan to move back to country of origin 20 0.02
No, plan to move to another country 15 0.02

35. Did you receive assistance from an NGO or government after you arrived in Brazil?

assist answers percentage
Yes 500 0.52
No 469 0.48

36. What type of assistance did you receive?

assis_type answers percentage
Health assistance 193 0.20
Language course 172 0.18
Access to banking services 159 0.16
Other 114 0.12
Employment opportunities 95 0.10
Shelter 70 0.07
Business development training 64 0.07
Diploma revalidation 14 0.01

(IV) Employment and income questions

37. Do you have a regular source of income?

Entire sample

income answers percentage
No 616 0.64
Yes 353 0.36

By assistance recipients

38. How many people rely on this regular income?

P38 answers percentage
4 83 0.23
3 81 0.23
2 57 0.16
1 49 0.14
5 32 0.09
6 23 0.06
7 11 0.03
0 10 0.03
8 9 0.03
9 3 0.01
10 1 0.00

39. What is your approximate monthly income?

wage answers percentage
I prefer not to answer 615 0.63
Less than 1 min. wage 146 0.15
Between 1-2 min. wages 135 0.14
Between 2-3 min. wages 25 0.03
Between 10-15 min. wages 22 0.02
Between 3-5 min. wages 12 0.01
15 or more min. wages 12 0.01
Between 5-10 min. wages 2 0.00

40. In the past three months has your income been the same?

Only those that reported an income level answer this question.

wage_trajec answers percentage
Yes 231 0.68
No, it decreased 59 0.17
No, it increased 52 0.15

41. Are there other people in you household with a source of income?

wage_trajec answers percentage
No 652 0.67
Yes 317 0.33

42. What was your main activity last month?

income2 answers percentage
Unemployed 340 0.35
Employed (formal) 167 0.17
Employed (informal) 150 0.15
Domestic work 112 0.12
Looking for a job 48 0.05
Micro-entrepreneur 44 0.05
Self-employed 43 0.04
Student 40 0.04
Other 21 0.02
Entrepreneur (small business) 2 0.00
Retired 2 0.00

Obs: Those looking for a job but that declare no regular income were considered unemployed.

43. What difficulties did you have to find work in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are working in the informal or formal job market.

work_difficult answers percentage
Language barrier 79 0.25
Labor market conditions 75 0.24
I did not encounter any difficulties 67 0.21
Being a migrant or refugee 65 0.21
Lack of financial conditions to look for a job 58 0.18
Lack of documentation 48 0.15
No one to take care of the children 46 0.15
Lack of appropriate education or skills 24 0.08
Other 20 0.06
Racism 19 0.06

44. For how long have you been working in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are working in the informal or formal job market.

time_work answers percentage
Less than 1 year 129 0.41
Between 1 and 2 years 89 0.28
Between 3 and 5 years 64 0.20
More than 5 years 23 0.07

45. For how long have you had your own enterprise or worker autonomously in Brazil?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

time_work_micro answers percentage
Less than 1 year 21 0.24
Between 1 and 2 years 20 0.22
Between 3 and 5 years 11 0.12
More than 5 years 6 0.07

46. What sources of funding did you use to start your business?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

funding_source answers percentage
Personal savings 40 0.45
Income from other jobs 9 0.10
Donations 5 0.06
Loan from friends 5 0.06
Sold assets in country of origin 5 0.06
Loan from family members 4 0.04
Loan from financial institution 3 0.03
Remmittances from country of origin 2 0.02
Other 2 0.02

47. What was the total amount that you invested to start your business?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

amount_funding answers percentage
Less than R$5,000.00 28 0.31
Between R$5,000.00 and R$10,000.00 12 0.13
Prefer not to answer 10 0.11
Between R10,000.00 and R$20,000.00 5 0.06
Between R$20,000.00 and R$50,000.00 1 0.01
More than R$50,000.00 1 0.01

48. How many employees do you have?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

employees answers percentage
None 43 0.48
1-2 employees 12 0.13
3-5 employees 1 0.01
6-10 employees 1 0.01

49. How many of your employees are family members?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers that have employees.

P49 answers percentage
0 7 0.54
1 5 0.38
2 1 0.08

50. Is your business registered (has CNPJ)?

This question is only for those that are entrepreneurs, micro entrepreneurs or autonomous workers.

cnpj answers percentage
No 32 0.36
Yes 23 0.26

51. Do you receive financial assistance from an organization or the government?

financ_assist answers percentage
None 587 0.61
Gov. Transfers 350 0.36
Other 35 0.04
Humanitarian Assistance 19 0.02

(V) Financial services and products

52. What assets do your currently have in Brazil?

assets answers percentage
None 838 0.86
Valuables (jewelry, cash, etc) 45 0.05
Productive assets 33 0.03
Other 30 0.03
Vehicle 17 0.02
House or apartment 16 0.02
Land 13 0.01

53. What financial products and services did you use in your home country?

use_br4 answers percentage
Bank account 581 0.60
Debit card 429 0.44
Savings, deposit account 321 0.33
None of the services listed above 261 0.27
Credit card 186 0.19
Insurance 56 0.06
Digital account, wallet (on the phone) 53 0.05
Loan 48 0.05
Transfers incl. remittances 46 0.05
Investments 26 0.03
Loan 16 0.02
Loan 15 0.02
Loan 13 0.01

54. If had an insurance, of type was it?

insur answers percentage
None 229 0.24
Health 96 0.10
Life 89 0.09
Vehicle 25 0.03
Residential 17 0.02
Corporate 11 0.01
None 0 0.00

## 55. If had invesments, of type was it?

invest answers percentage
Savings 159 0.16
None 149 0.15
Govt Bonds 68 0.07
Stocks/Currency 17 0.02
Corporate Bonds 16 0.02
None 0 0.00

56. What channels did you use to access the products/services in your country of origin?

chan answers percentage
In-person banking 488 0.50
Mobile banking 481 0.50
Internet banking 215 0.22
Other 107 0.11

57. Do you use financial services and products in Brazil?

Entire sample

use_br answers percentage
Yes 583 0.6
No 386 0.4

By income source

By migratory status

By income activity

58. For those which do not use, what are the main reasons?

use_br2 answers percentage
I have no money saved 286 0.67
Lack of documentation 38 0.09
High Tariffs 34 0.08
Lack of interest 32 0.08
I don’t find it necessary 26 0.06
Other 10 0.02

59. For those that use, what are the main products/services you use?

use_br3 answers percentage
Bank account 418 0.72
Debit card 394 0.68
Credit card 186 0.32
Digital account, wallet (on the phone) 147 0.25
Savings, deposit account 128 0.22
Transfers incl. remittances 44 0.08
Insurance 13 0.02
Investments 11 0.02
Other 11 0.02
None of the above services listed 9 0.02

60. What channels do they use to access these products/services?

Entire sample

use_br4 answers percentage
Mobile banking 518 0.89
In-person banking 192 0.33
Internet banking 100 0.17
Other 6 0.01

By income source

By migratory status

By income activity

61. In which institutions do they hold savings accounts?

use_br5 answers percentage
Nubank 278 0.48
Itaú 232 0.40
Caixa Econômica Federal 151 0.26
Banco Santander 114 0.20
Other 84 0.14
Bradesco 81 0.14
Banco do Brasil 61 0.10
Banco PAN 20 0.03
Banco Inter 17 0.03
None 12 0.02
Banco da Amazônia 2 0.00
BMG 1 0.00
Sofia 1 0.00

62. In which institutions do they hold digital wallets?

use_br6 answers percentage
None 200 0.34
Iti Itaú 165 0.28
PicPay 116 0.20
Mercado Pago 84 0.14
PagBank 44 0.08
Other 35 0.06
Regarga Pay 15 0.03
AME 9 0.02
Bitz 1 0.00

63. Did you get a loan from a financial institution in Brazil?

use_br7 answers percentage
No 428 0.73
Yes 155 0.27

64. For those that did not, have you ever tried to get a loan at financial institution in Brazil?

loan_br answers percentage
No, don’t know where to try 148 0.34
No, didn’t have a collateral 105 0.24
Yes, but was rejected 92 0.21
No, never needed to 81 0.19
No, didn’t have the necessary documentation 36 0.08
Yes and was approved 10 0.02
Yes, but less than I asked for 6 0.01

65. For those that did, for what was it for?

loan_br_use answers percentage
Consumption 131 0.85
Other 17 0.11
Housing 7 0.05
Corporate 7 0.05
Vehicles 4 0.03

66. For those that did, did you have to provide a collateral?

collat answers percentage
No 215 0.84
Yes, a personal guarantor 23 0.09
Other 14 0.05
Yes, an insurance 3 0.01
Yes, an asset (e.g. house) 2 0.01

67. For those that did, what was the amount of credit you took?

loan_amot answers percentage
Between R$1,000 and R$5,000 64 0.41
Less than R$1,000 62 0.40
Between R$5,001 and R$10,000 8 0.05
I prefer not to say 7 0.05
Between R$10,001 and R$20,000 5 0.03
More than R$50,001 5 0.03
Between R$20,001 and R$50,000 4 0.03

68. For those that did, what was the biggest pain during the process?

loan_proc answers percentage
None 81 0.52
Lack of proof of income 30 0.19
Unclear procedures and requirements 25 0.16
Lack of collateral 21 0.14
Lack of own resources as a contribution 21 0.14
Duration of the process (too long) 20 0.13
Lack of corporate documentation 10 0.06
Other 1 0.01

69. Do you currently have a loan from a friend, member of your family or moneylender?

loan_alt answers percentage
No, I do not 853 0.88
Yes, from a family member 46 0.05
Yes, from a friend 43 0.04
Yes, from a moneylender 27 0.03

70. For those that have, what is the total amount?

P70 answers percentage
2000 18 0.15
1000 16 0.14
3000 10 0.09
5000 9 0.08
500 6 0.05
1500 6 0.05
2500 4 0.03
3500 4 0.03
200 3 0.03
700 3 0.03
40000 3 0.03
400 2 0.02
600 2 0.02
800 2 0.02
900 2 0.02
1200 2 0.02
8000 2 0.02
100000 2 0.02
2 1 0.01
40 1 0.01
100 1 0.01
250 1 0.01
320 1 0.01
350 1 0.01
375 1 0.01
1400 1 0.01
1800 1 0.01
2200 1 0.01
2400 1 0.01
2800 1 0.01
4000 1 0.01
4800 1 0.01
6000 1 0.01
7000 1 0.01
16000 1 0.01
20000 1 0.01
25000 1 0.01
30000 1 0.01
35000 1 0.01

71. Which of these products do you consider the most important?

prod_import answers percentage
Checkings account 338 0.35
Credit card 305 0.31
Debit card 299 0.31
Savings account 239 0.25
Housing credit 235 0.24
Personal/Consumption credit 217 0.22
Life insurance 163 0.17
Digital wallet 156 0.16
Corporate credit 107 0.11
Vehicle credit 100 0.10
Death insurance 67 0.07
Other 39 0.04

## 72. When you need financing or money, where do go to?

prod_got answers percentage
I do not lend money 379 0.39
Bank 324 0.33
Family or friends 313 0.32
Pawnbroker 42 0.04
Other 41 0.04
Business owner 15 0.02
Financial institution 15 0.02

73. When you ask for money, for what do you ask it for?

prod_why answers percentage
Cover basic needs 635 0.66
Send it to my country of origin 197 0.20
Investing in my business 193 0.20
Other 119 0.12
Buying goods (e.g. home appliances) 116 0.12

75. Do you send money abroad to your country of origin?

use_br8 answers percentage
Yes 646 0.67
No 323 0.33

76. If you do, on average, how much do you send?

send_amount answers percentage
Less than R$500 493 0.76
Prefer not to answer 72 0.11
Between R$501 and R$1000 70 0.11
Between R$1001 and R$2000 11 0.02

77. To who do you send money?

send_who answers percentage
Family 608 0.94
Other 53 0.08
Friend 32 0.05
Prefer not to answer 0 0.00

## 78. How is this money generally sent?

send_how answers percentage
Transfer company 362 0.56
Bank transfer 218 0.34
Friend or family 112 0.17
Other 22 0.03
In-person travel 21 0.03
Postal office 0 0.00

79. Do you receive money from your country of origin?

receiv answers percentage
No 935 0.96
Yes 34 0.04

80. If you do, on average, how much do you receive?

receiv_amount answers percentage
Less than R$500 21 0.62
Between R$501 and R$1000 7 0.21
Prefer not to answer 5 0.15
Between R$1001 and R$2000 1 0.03

81. How is this money generally reecived?

receiv_how answers percentage
Friend or family 16 0.47
Transfer company 9 0.26
Bank transfer 8 0.24
Other 4 0.12
In-person travel 1 0.03
Postal office 0 0.00

82. How is this money spent?

spent answers percentage
Home expenses 25 0.74
Other 5 0.15
Debt payment 4 0.12

(VI) 74. Migrant’s perceptions

Entire sample

By migratory status

By nationality

(VII) Financial practices

83. Do you keep a record of your income, expenses, and savings?

records answers percentage
No, but I would like to 314 0.32
Yes, but not regularly 191 0.20
Yes, always 175 0.18
No, but I have some estimates 162 0.17
No, I see no need 125 0.13

84. At the end of the month, when all your expenses are paid, is there any income left??

end_month answers percentage
No, and missing 612 0.63
No, but I don’t lack for anything either. 215 0.22
Yes 139 0.14

85. If you are able to save, what do you do with the money?

exp_how answers percentage
Keep/deposit in savings account 62 0.45
Keep it at home 51 0.37
Send it to family or friends 23 0.17
Go shopping 15 0.11
Lend it to someone 2 0.01

86. What do you do to supplement your income when expenses exceed your monthly income?

comple answers percentage
Reduce unnecessary spending 419 0.51
Sell something 268 0.32
Ask for money to friends/family 163 0.20
Use credit card 111 0.13
Other 94 0.11
Work more hours 92 0.11
Get a loan from a bank 28 0.03

87. Which of the following do you currently consider most important acquiring?

asp answers percentage
Preparing for job offers skills 475 0.49
Technical/Work related skills 430 0.44
Business development skills 326 0.34
Languages skills 313 0.32
Personal finance skills 231 0.24
Business regularization 151 0.16
None, I’m fine 61 0.06

88. Do you have internet access at home?

net_ac answers percentage
Yes 717 0.74
No 240 0.25

89. Do you have a cell phone?

cell answers percentage
Yes 485 0.50
Yes 428 0.44
No, but I share with a family member 32 0.03
No, I don’t 11 0.01

90. Do you regularly use your cell phone for the following services??

use_ph answers percentage
Personal (WhatsApp, calling friends, etc) 921 0.95
Social media 519 0.54
Banking services 397 0.41
Business - Advertising of my products and services 58 0.06
Business - Connecting with suppliers and costumers 41 0.04
Other 15 0.02
Criptocurreny 3 0.00