Dataset
#Load Ozone Dataset
load("Ozone Data with Region.RData")
combinedAir.final<-df4
combinedAir.final<-arrange(combinedAir.final,MonitorID,Year)
combinedAir.final$USDM.categorical<-factor(combinedAir.final$USDM.categorical,levels=c("NoDrought","ModerateDrought","SevereDrought"))
## Subset Between May 1st to Sep 31st.
combinedAir.final$month<-as.numeric(combinedAir.final$month)
combinedAir.final<-combinedAir.final%>%
filter(month>=5 & month<=9)
All Region
md2_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =combinedAir.final,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
md2_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =combinedAir.final,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(md2_random,md2_fix,type = "text", title = "All Regions", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## All Regions
## =============================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ---------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.282*** 8.410***
## (0.019) (1.125)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.628*** 8.782***
## (0.027) (1.402)
##
## elevation 0.004*** 0.004***
## (0.0003) (0.0003)
##
## Longitude -0.035*** 0.019
## (0.010) (0.013)
##
## Latitude -0.133*** -0.043
## (0.032) (0.038)
##
## Constant 46.105*** 46.049***
## (1.625) (1.748)
##
## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 3,430,104 1,951
## R2 0.009 0.208
## Adjusted R2 0.009 0.206
## F Statistic 19,097.510*** 102.022*** (df = 5; 1945)
## =============================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northeast
ne<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northeast")
ne_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ne,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
ne_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ne,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(ne_random,ne_fix,type = "text", title = "Northeast", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northeast
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.137*** -0.274
## (0.068) (3.202)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 1.512*** 2.028
## (0.297) (15.143)
##
## elevation 0.003*** 0.003**
## (0.001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude -0.131 -0.140
## (0.093) (0.121)
##
## Latitude -2.210*** -2.187***
## (0.160) (0.209)
##
## Constant 125.827*** 124.357***
## (12.626) (16.555)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 519,759 283
## R2 0.013 0.542
## Adjusted R2 0.013 0.534
## F Statistic 1,549.647*** 65.683*** (df = 5; 277)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northern Rockies
nr<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northern_rockies")
nr_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nr,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
nr_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nr,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(nr_random,nr_fix,type = "text", title = "Northern Rockies", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northern Rockies
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.044*** 1.350
## (0.070) (1.409)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 1.306*** 5.393***
## (0.107) (1.710)
##
## elevation 0.004*** 0.005***
## (0.001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude -0.029 0.088
## (0.098) (0.107)
##
## Latitude -0.713*** -0.552***
## (0.160) (0.169)
##
## Constant 68.936*** 72.630***
## (7.347) (7.983)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 101,196 93
## R2 0.065 0.740
## Adjusted R2 0.065 0.725
## F Statistic 542.077*** 49.592*** (df = 5; 87)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northwest
nw<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northwest")
nw_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nw,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
nw_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nw,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(nw_random,nw_fix,type = "text", title = "Northwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northwest
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 0.300*** 3.872*
## (0.090) (2.238)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought -0.117 5.758
## (0.215) (6.890)
##
## elevation 0.002** 0.002**
## (0.001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude 1.403*** 1.321***
## (0.187) (0.204)
##
## Latitude -1.372*** -1.126***
## (0.264) (0.311)
##
## Constant 270.039*** 247.469***
## (22.520) (26.844)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 79,052 58
## R2 0.021 0.796
## Adjusted R2 0.021 0.776
## F Statistic 239.747*** 40.535*** (df = 5; 52)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Ohio Valley
ohv<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="ohio_valley")
ohv_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ohv,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
ohv_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ohv,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(ohv_random,ohv_fix,type = "text", title = "Ohio Valley", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Ohio Valley
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 3.760*** 11.410***
## (0.054) (2.220)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 6.475*** -4.937
## (0.123) (9.285)
##
## elevation -0.001 0.0001
## (0.001) (0.002)
##
## Longitude 0.185*** 0.184***
## (0.047) (0.068)
##
## Latitude -0.792*** -0.723***
## (0.079) (0.115)
##
## Constant 94.784*** 90.957***
## (5.615) (7.608)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 628,182 339
## R2 0.028 0.232
## Adjusted R2 0.028 0.220
## F Statistic 7,258.624*** 20.090*** (df = 5; 333)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
South
sth<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="south")
sth_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sth,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
sth_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sth,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(sth_random,sth_fix,type = "text", title = "South", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## South
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.693*** 2.207
## (0.057) (2.337)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 4.083*** -2.963
## (0.078) (2.749)
##
## elevation 0.006*** 0.006***
## (0.002) (0.002)
##
## Longitude 0.081 0.044
## (0.104) (0.145)
##
## Latitude 1.123*** 1.040***
## (0.090) (0.118)
##
## Constant 13.811 13.722
## (10.955) (14.840)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 413,667 236
## R2 0.021 0.432
## Adjusted R2 0.021 0.420
## F Statistic 4,391.087*** 34.979*** (df = 5; 230)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Southeast
se<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="southeast")
se_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =se,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
se_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =se,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(se_random,se_fix,type = "text", title = "Southeast", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Southeast
## ============================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## --------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 5.449*** 3.391
## (0.049) (2.155)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 7.936*** 27.666***
## (0.069) (3.003)
##
## elevation 0.001 0.0001
## (0.001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude -0.270*** -0.132
## (0.068) (0.081)
##
## Latitude 1.523*** 1.530***
## (0.062) (0.071)
##
## Constant -30.489*** -20.664***
## (6.663) (7.720)
##
## ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 530,095 272
## R2 0.049 0.735
## Adjusted R2 0.049 0.730
## F Statistic 22,787.220*** 147.870*** (df = 5; 266)
## ============================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Southwest
sw<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="southwest")
sw_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sw,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
sw_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sw,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(sw_random,sw_fix,type = "text", title = "Southwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Southwest
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 0.875*** 4.751***
## (0.041) (1.531)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.315*** -0.093
## (0.046) (1.691)
##
## elevation 0.001* 0.001
## (0.0004) (0.0005)
##
## Longitude -0.250*** -0.213*
## (0.085) (0.115)
##
## Latitude 0.161** 0.056
## (0.079) (0.104)
##
## Constant 18.550* 25.610**
## (9.681) (12.294)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 325,309 222
## R2 0.035 0.096
## Adjusted R2 0.035 0.075
## F Statistic 2,505.354*** 4.569*** (df = 5; 216)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Upper Midwest
um<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="upper_midwest")
um_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =um,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
um_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =um,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(um_random,um_fix,type = "text", title = "Upper Midwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Upper Midwest
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.191*** -5.924
## (0.080) (3.643)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.201*** -3.001
## (0.247) (17.562)
##
## elevation -0.004 -0.002
## (0.004) (0.004)
##
## Longitude 0.256*** 0.235***
## (0.068) (0.085)
##
## Latitude -1.215*** -1.153***
## (0.153) (0.183)
##
## Constant 120.037*** 115.855***
## (8.450) (10.214)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 265,885 128
## R2 0.012 0.453
## Adjusted R2 0.012 0.430
## F Statistic 428.342*** 20.190*** (df = 5; 122)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
West
wst<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="upper_midwest")
wst_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =wst,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
wst_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =wst,
index = c("MonitorID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(wst_random,wst_fix,type = "text", title = "West", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## West
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.191*** -5.924
## (0.080) (3.643)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.201*** -3.001
## (0.247) (17.562)
##
## elevation -0.004 -0.002
## (0.004) (0.004)
##
## Longitude 0.256*** 0.235***
## (0.068) (0.085)
##
## Latitude -1.215*** -1.153***
## (0.153) (0.183)
##
## Constant 120.037*** 115.855***
## (8.450) (10.214)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 265,885 128
## R2 0.012 0.453
## Adjusted R2 0.012 0.430
## F Statistic 428.342*** 20.190*** (df = 5; 122)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01