DATA

1. What is the socio- demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Number of years

1.4 Socio-economic status

2. What is the psychological well-being of the students raised by single parents in terms of:

a. Autonomy

b. Environmental Mastery

c. Personal growth

d. Positive relations

e. Purpose in life

f. Self-acceptance

3. How do the students raised by single parents cope up with their struggles and experiences as measured by Filipino Coping Strategies Inventory?

4. Is there a significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being of students raised by single parents?

Cognitive Reappraisal - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 8668.3, p-value = 0.0003586
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4988283

Cognitive Reappraisal - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 6241.4, p-value = 1.33e-06
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.6391419

Cognitive Reappraisal - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 4626, p-value = 3.729e-08
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.7325393

Cognitive Reappraisal - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 5382, p-value = 2.771e-07
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.6888298

Cognitive Reappraisal - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 5604, p-value = 4.864e-07
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.6759944

Cognitive Reappraisal - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$CognitiveReappraisalMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 2522, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.8541859

Social Support - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 8659.3, p-value = 0.0003527
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4993492

Social Support - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 16872, p-value = 0.8701
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
       rho 
0.02451788

Social Support - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 10652, p-value = 0.008049
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3841351

Social Support - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 13492, p-value = 0.1372
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2199352

Social Support - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 17624, p-value = 0.8992
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
        rho 
-0.01896392

Social Support - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SocialSupportMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 12598, p-value = 0.06503
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2716235

Problem-Solving - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 6129.7, p-value = 9.588e-07
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.6456004

Problem-Solving - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 9405.9, p-value = 0.00127
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
     rho 
0.456183

Problem-Solving - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 8100, p-value = 0.0001516
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.5316836

Problem-Solving - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 9872, p-value = 0.002831
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4292322

Problem-Solving - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 10246, p-value = 0.00475
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4076087

Problem-Solving - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ProblemSolvingMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 8190, p-value = 0.0001797
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.5264801

Religiosity - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 7800.4, p-value = 6.442e-05
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.5490063

Religiosity - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 11498, p-value = 0.02126
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3352127

Religiosity - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 8680, p-value = 0.0004344
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4981499

Religiosity - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 12048, p-value = 0.03857
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3034228

Religiosity - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 14106, p-value = 0.2139
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.1844357

Religiosity - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ReligiosityMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 8844, p-value = 0.0005747
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4886679

Tolerance - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 8796.4, p-value = 0.000452
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.4914202

Tolerance - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 15512, p-value = 0.4902
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.1031601

Tolerance - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 11742, p-value = 0.02821
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3211147

Tolerance - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 14996, p-value = 0.3717
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.1329787

Tolerance - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 15708, p-value = 0.5382
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
       rho 
0.09181314

Tolerance - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$ToleranceMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 13582, p-value = 0.1469
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2147317

Emotional Release - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 4518.1, p-value = 3.056e-09
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.7387798

Emotional Release - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 12194, p-value = 0.04414
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2949663

Emotional Release - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 10912, p-value = 0.01108
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3691027

Emotional Release - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 13630, p-value = 0.1523
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2119565

Emotional Release - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 17626, p-value = 0.8986
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
        rho 
-0.01907956

Emotional Release - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$EmotionalReleaseMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 11896, p-value = 0.03308
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3122109

Overactivity - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 4161.7, p-value = 6.114e-10
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.7593834

Overactivity - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 14284, p-value = 0.2417
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.1741695

Overactivity - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 14566, p-value = 0.2883
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
    rho 
0.15784

Overactivity - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 16254, p-value = 0.6866
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
       rho 
0.06024514

Overactivity - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 18424, p-value = 0.6623
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
        rho 
-0.06521739

Overactivity - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$OveractivityMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 15480, p-value = 0.4812
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.1049954

Relaxation - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 5598.2, p-value = 1.81e-07
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.6763322

Relaxation - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 10438, p-value = 0.005794
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3965074

Relaxation - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 7750, p-value = 7.633e-05
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.5519195

Relaxation - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 11106, p-value = 0.01395
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3578862

Relaxation - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 13154, p-value = 0.1049
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2394773

Relaxation - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$RelaxationMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 7552, p-value = 5.085e-05
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.5633673

Substance Use - Autonomy


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$AutonomyMean
S = 2023.5, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.8830053

Substance Use - Environmental Mastery


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$EnvironmentalMasteryMean
S = 13639, p-value = 0.1537
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2114089

Substance Use - Personal Growth


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$PersonalGrowthMean
S = 11358, p-value = 0.0186
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.3433164

Substance Use - Positive Relations


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$PositiveRelationsMean
S = 12572, p-value = 0.06351
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
      rho 
0.2731267

Substance Use - Purpose in Life


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$PurposeinLifeMean
S = 16704, p-value = 0.8189
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
       rho 
0.03422757

Substance Use - Self-Acceptance


    Spearman's rank correlation rho

data:  Data$SubstanceUseMean and Data$SelfAcceptanceMean
S = 11722, p-value = 0.02762
alternative hypothesis: true rho is not equal to 0
sample estimates:
     rho 
0.322271

Hence, there is a significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being of students raised by single parents.

5. Is there a significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of years” (Note: # of years is grouped by this: 5 to 10 years, and 11 to 21 years)

Null Hypothesis: There is no significance difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of years”.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significance difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of years”.

Make two groups of the variable “# of years”. Grouping : Group 1 with 5 to 10 years and Group 2 with 11 to 21 years.

Dat1<-Data%>%
  mutate(NumberofYearsCode = ifelse(`# of years` <= 21, "5 to 10 years", "11 to 21 years"))%>%
  group_by(NumberofYearsCode)
table(Dat1$NumberofYearsCode)

11 to 21 years  5 to 10 years 
            22             25 
res_aov <- aov(Dat$psychmean ~ Dat1$NumberofYearsCode,  var.equal = TRUE)
res_aov
Call:
   aov(formula = Dat$psychmean ~ Dat1$NumberofYearsCode, var.equal = TRUE)

Terms:
                Dat1$NumberofYearsCode Residuals
Sum of Squares                 4.59964 160.77839
Deg. of Freedom                      1        45

Residual standard error: 1.890199
Estimated effects may be unbalanced
Normality Test

    Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data:  res_aov$residuals
W = 0.97686, p-value = 0.4693
Equality of Variances Test

Since the p-value is 0.233 which is greater than 0.05, we don’t have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is no significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of years”.

6. Is there a significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of ears?” (Note: # of years is grouped by this: 5 to 8 years, 9 to 12 years, and 13 to 21 years)

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of ears?” (Note: # of years is grouped by this: 5 to 8 years, 9 to 12 years, and 13 to 21 years)**

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of ears?” (Note: # of years is grouped by this: 5 to 8 years, 9 to 12 years, and 13 to 21 years)**

Make three groups of the variable “# of years”. Grouping : Group 1 with 5 to 8 years, Group 2 with 9 to 12 years, and Group 3 with 13 to 21 years.

Dat2<-Data%>%
  mutate(NumberofYearsCode = ifelse(`# of years` <= 8, "5 to 8 years",
                                     ifelse(`# of years` >= 9, "9 to 12 years","13 to 21 years")))%>%
  group_by(NumberofYearsCode)
table(Dat2$NumberofYearsCode)

13 to 21 years   5 to 8 years  9 to 12 years 
             6             38              3 
res_aov <- aov(Dat$psychmean ~ Dat2$NumberofYearsCode,  var.equal = TRUE)
res_aov
Call:
   aov(formula = Dat$psychmean ~ Dat2$NumberofYearsCode, var.equal = TRUE)

Terms:
                Dat2$NumberofYearsCode Residuals
Sum of Squares                 1.08993 164.28810
Deg. of Freedom                      2        44

Residual standard error: 1.93231
Estimated effects may be unbalanced
Normality Test

    Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data:  res_aov$residuals
W = 0.9752, p-value = 0.4114
Equality of Variances Test

Since the p-value is 0.747 which is greater than the 0.05, we don’t have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, there is no significant difference on the psychological well-being of students raised by single parents when they are grouped according to the variable “# of ears?” (Note: # of years is grouped by this: 5 to 8 years, 9 to 12 years, and 13 to 21 years)**