Dataset
#Load Ozone Dataset
load("Ozone Data with Region.RData")
combinedAir.final<-df4
combinedAir.final<-arrange(combinedAir.final,GEOID,Year)
combinedAir.final$USDM.categorical<-factor(combinedAir.final$USDM.categorical,levels=c("NoDrought","ModerateDrought","SevereDrought"))
## Subset Between May 1st to Sep 31st.
combinedAir.final$month<-as.numeric(combinedAir.final$month)
combinedAir.final<-combinedAir.final%>%
filter(month>=5 & month<=9)
All Region
md2_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =combinedAir.final,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
md2_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =combinedAir.final,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(md2_random,md2_fix,type = "text", title = "All Regions", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## All Regions
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.303*** 6.999***
## (0.019) (1.704)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.604*** 3.745
## (0.027) (2.311)
##
## elevation 0.004*** 0.004***
## (0.0001) (0.0004)
##
## Longitude -0.009 0.057***
## (0.013) (0.018)
##
## Latitude 0.301*** -0.069
## (0.034) (0.045)
##
## Constant 31.416*** 50.701***
## (1.747) (2.019)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 3,430,104 921
## R2 0.010 0.169
## Adjusted R2 0.010 0.164
## F Statistic 25,098.860*** 37.190*** (df = 5; 915)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northeast
ne<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northeast")
ne_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ne,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
ne_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ne,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(ne_random,ne_fix,type = "text", title = "Northeast", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northeast
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.142*** -4.152
## (0.069) (3.964)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 1.346*** -6.289
## (0.298) (20.330)
##
## elevation 0.012*** 0.001
## (0.0003) (0.001)
##
## Longitude 0.654*** -0.208*
## (0.073) (0.108)
##
## Latitude -3.257*** -2.034***
## (0.123) (0.177)
##
## Constant 226.366*** 113.945***
## (9.237) (14.056)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 519,759 153
## R2 0.013 0.689
## Adjusted R2 0.013 0.678
## F Statistic 3,283.838*** 65.069*** (df = 5; 147)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northern Rockies
nr<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northern_rockies")
nr_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nr,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
nr_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nr,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(nr_random,nr_fix,type = "text", title = "Northern Rockies", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northern Rockies
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.107*** 2.331
## (0.070) (2.684)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 1.594*** 2.274
## (0.105) (5.090)
##
## elevation 0.002*** 0.005***
## (0.0003) (0.001)
##
## Longitude -0.321*** 0.112
## (0.064) (0.138)
##
## Latitude -0.825*** -0.681***
## (0.114) (0.216)
##
## Constant 45.117*** 80.699***
## (7.443) (10.411)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 101,196 51
## R2 0.040 0.741
## Adjusted R2 0.040 0.712
## F Statistic 647.878*** 25.732*** (df = 5; 45)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Northwest
nw<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="northwest")
nw_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nw,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
nw_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =nw,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(nw_random,nw_fix,type = "text", title = "Northwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Northwest
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 0.375*** 9.825***
## (0.090) (3.147)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 0.049 3.667
## (0.217) (6.107)
##
## elevation 0.006*** 0.002
## (0.0002) (0.001)
##
## Longitude 0.122 1.068***
## (0.135) (0.227)
##
## Latitude -2.372*** -0.926**
## (0.227) (0.340)
##
## Constant 159.847*** 207.261***
## (17.309) (32.337)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 79,052 30
## R2 0.040 0.862
## Adjusted R2 0.040 0.833
## F Statistic 1,431.794*** 29.873*** (df = 5; 24)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Ohio Valley
ohv<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="ohio_valley")
ohv_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ohv,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
ohv_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =ohv,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(ohv_random,ohv_fix,type = "text", title = "Ohio Valley", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Ohio Valley
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 3.845*** 11.322***
## (0.055) (2.275)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 6.411*** 8.449
## (0.124) (9.748)
##
## elevation -0.001*** -0.001
## (0.0004) (0.002)
##
## Longitude 0.258*** 0.174**
## (0.048) (0.077)
##
## Latitude -0.564*** -0.358***
## (0.086) (0.130)
##
## Constant 92.040*** 75.845***
## (5.664) (8.336)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 628,182 183
## R2 0.029 0.217
## Adjusted R2 0.029 0.195
## F Statistic 7,291.707*** 9.839*** (df = 5; 177)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
South
sth<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="south")
sth_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sth,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
sth_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sth,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(sth_random,sth_fix,type = "text", title = "South", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## South
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 2.715*** 0.420
## (0.057) (3.478)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 3.977*** 2.407
## (0.078) (4.080)
##
## elevation 0.016*** 0.006*
## (0.001) (0.003)
##
## Longitude 0.199** 0.052
## (0.101) (0.191)
##
## Latitude 1.331*** 0.932***
## (0.102) (0.162)
##
## Constant 15.543 17.464
## (10.119) (18.866)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 413,667 128
## R2 0.024 0.400
## Adjusted R2 0.024 0.375
## F Statistic 4,634.372*** 16.262*** (df = 5; 122)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Southeast
se<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="southeast")
se_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =se,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
se_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =se,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(se_random,se_fix,type = "text", title = "Southeast", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Southeast
## ===========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 5.511*** 0.737
## (0.049) (3.625)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 8.146*** 26.249***
## (0.069) (4.919)
##
## elevation 0.006*** -0.0001
## (0.001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude -0.178** -0.202**
## (0.076) (0.100)
##
## Latitude 1.381*** 1.522***
## (0.075) (0.092)
##
## Constant -19.468** -25.648***
## (7.611) (9.816)
##
## ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 530,095 165
## R2 0.051 0.713
## Adjusted R2 0.051 0.704
## F Statistic 23,555.350*** 79.027*** (df = 5; 159)
## ===========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Southwest
sw<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="southwest")
sw_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sw,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
sw_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =sw,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(sw_random,sw_fix,type = "text", title = "Southwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Southwest
## =========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## -----------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 0.885*** 5.578*
## (0.041) (3.034)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.394*** -6.182**
## (0.047) (2.516)
##
## elevation 0.003*** 0.001
## (0.0001) (0.001)
##
## Longitude 1.121*** -0.172
## (0.068) (0.169)
##
## Latitude 1.130*** -0.049
## (0.074) (0.146)
##
## Constant 125.974*** 33.753*
## (8.046) (16.953)
##
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 325,309 66
## R2 0.044 0.270
## Adjusted R2 0.044 0.209
## F Statistic 4,669.218*** 4.438*** (df = 5; 60)
## =========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
Upper Midwest
um<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="upper_midwest")
um_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =um,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
um_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =um,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(um_random,um_fix,type = "text", title = "Upper Midwest", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## Upper Midwest
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.182*** -0.110
## (0.080) (4.789)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.240*** -15.767
## (0.248) (19.436)
##
## elevation 0.015*** -0.003
## (0.002) (0.004)
##
## Longitude 0.589*** 0.290***
## (0.063) (0.085)
##
## Latitude -0.202 -1.294***
## (0.126) (0.185)
##
## Constant 100.356*** 126.693***
## (7.172) (10.560)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 265,885 86
## R2 0.010 0.596
## Adjusted R2 0.010 0.571
## F Statistic 406.934*** 23.601*** (df = 5; 80)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
West
wst<- combinedAir.final%>%
filter(noaa_region=="upper_midwest")
wst_random<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =wst,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "random")
wst_fix<-plm(Max.Ozone~USDM.categorical +elevation+ Longitude + Latitude,
data =wst,
index = c("GEOID","Year","month"),
model = "between")
stargazer(wst_random,wst_fix,type = "text", title = "West", align = TRUE,
add.lines = list(c("Model Name", "Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model")),
column.labels = c("Random Effect Model", "Fixed Effect Model"),
dep.var.caption = "Dependent Variable: Ozone Max",
dep.var.labels.include = FALSE,
omit.table.layout = "#")
##
## West
## ==========================================================================
## Dependent Variable: Ozone Max
## ------------------------------------------
## Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## USDM.categoricalModerateDrought 1.182*** -0.110
## (0.080) (4.789)
##
## USDM.categoricalSevereDrought 2.240*** -15.767
## (0.248) (19.436)
##
## elevation 0.015*** -0.003
## (0.002) (0.004)
##
## Longitude 0.589*** 0.290***
## (0.063) (0.085)
##
## Latitude -0.202 -1.294***
## (0.126) (0.185)
##
## Constant 100.356*** 126.693***
## (7.172) (10.560)
##
## --------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Model Name Random Effect Model Fixed Effect Model
## Observations 265,885 86
## R2 0.010 0.596
## Adjusted R2 0.010 0.571
## F Statistic 406.934*** 23.601*** (df = 5; 80)
## ==========================================================================
## Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01