Table 1
|
Censored
(N=2325) |
Dead + Autopsied
(N=921) |
Dead + Not Autopsied
(N=2463) |
| cohort_cat |
|
|
|
| Original |
295 (12.7%) |
537 (58.3%) |
1727 (70.1%) |
| Expansion |
198 (8.5%) |
210 (22.8%) |
399 (16.2%) |
| Replacement |
1832 (78.8%) |
174 (18.9%) |
337 (13.7%) |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1379 (59.3%) |
538 (58.4%) |
1397 (56.7%) |
| Male |
946 (40.7%) |
383 (41.6%) |
1066 (43.3%) |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
89.4 (6.62) |
87.0 (7.15) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
87.6 [66.4, 108] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Year of Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
2010 (6.39) |
2010 (6.97) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
2010 [2000, 2020] |
2010 [1990, 2020] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
286 (12.3%) |
56 (6.1%) |
263 (10.7%) |
| White |
2032 (87.4%) |
865 (93.9%) |
2199 (89.3%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| APOE Status |
|
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
1206 (51.9%) |
639 (69.4%) |
1573 (63.9%) |
| + APOE e4 |
451 (19.4%) |
245 (26.6%) |
528 (21.4%) |
| Missing |
668 (28.7%) |
37 (4.0%) |
362 (14.7%) |
| Smoking Status |
|
|
|
| Never |
1265 (54.4%) |
416 (45.2%) |
1109 (45.0%) |
| Former |
994 (42.8%) |
452 (49.1%) |
1187 (48.2%) |
| Current |
62 (2.7%) |
51 (5.5%) |
159 (6.5%) |
| Missing |
4 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
8 (0.3%) |
| Alcohol Use |
|
|
|
| Never |
333 (14.3%) |
171 (18.6%) |
525 (21.3%) |
| Former |
383 (16.5%) |
233 (25.3%) |
704 (28.6%) |
| Current |
1434 (61.7%) |
515 (55.9%) |
1223 (49.7%) |
| Missing |
175 (7.5%) |
2 (0.2%) |
11 (0.4%) |
| exercise_cat |
|
|
|
| No |
509 (21.9%) |
273 (29.6%) |
798 (32.4%) |
| Yes |
1809 (77.8%) |
646 (70.1%) |
1661 (67.4%) |
| Missing |
7 (0.3%) |
2 (0.2%) |
4 (0.2%) |
| Education |
|
|
|
| Less than High School |
69 (3.0%) |
67 (7.3%) |
323 (13.1%) |
| GED |
13 (0.6%) |
12 (1.3%) |
57 (2.3%) |
| High School |
531 (22.8%) |
371 (40.3%) |
1119 (45.4%) |
| Bachelor's |
669 (28.8%) |
230 (25.0%) |
455 (18.5%) |
| Master's |
571 (24.6%) |
121 (13.1%) |
218 (8.9%) |
| Doctorate |
197 (8.5%) |
48 (5.2%) |
93 (3.8%) |
| Other |
275 (11.8%) |
72 (7.8%) |
196 (8.0%) |
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
315 (13.5%) |
261 (28.3%) |
981 (39.8%) |
| 13-16 |
884 (38.0%) |
408 (44.3%) |
1027 (41.7%) |
| 17+ |
1126 (48.4%) |
252 (27.4%) |
454 (18.4%) |
| Missing |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
1 (0.0%) |
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.745 (0.728) |
-0.705 (0.713) |
-0.658 (0.717) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.891 [-2.66, 1.97] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64] |
| Missing |
105 (4.5%) |
15 (1.6%) |
31 (1.3%) |
| PM2.5 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
7.84 (1.68) |
8.66 (2.27) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
7.55 [4.03, 14.6] |
8.35 [3.41, 17.1] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
9 (1.0%) |
305 (12.4%) |
| NO2 Exposure from Death (10 year) |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
NA (NA) |
13.2 (3.54) |
13.7 (3.81) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
NA [NA, NA] |
12.5 [4.88, 30.7] |
13.2 [4.82, 35.0] |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
9 (1.0%) |
305 (12.4%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
|
| No |
1990 (85.6%) |
642 (69.7%) |
1618 (65.7%) |
| Yes |
335 (14.4%) |
279 (30.3%) |
845 (34.3%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
| No |
1136 (48.9%) |
378 (41.0%) |
928 (37.7%) |
| Yes |
1189 (51.1%) |
543 (59.0%) |
1535 (62.3%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
| No |
2091 (89.9%) |
773 (83.9%) |
2012 (81.7%) |
| Yes |
234 (10.1%) |
148 (16.1%) |
451 (18.3%) |
| Gross Infarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
583 (63.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
266 (28.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
72 (7.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
| Microinfarcts |
|
|
|
| No |
0 (0%) |
425 (46.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Yes |
0 (0%) |
416 (45.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
80 (8.7%) |
2463 (100%) |
| athero_bi |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
250 (27.1%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
569 (61.8%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
102 (11.1%) |
2463 (100%) |
| arteriolo_bi |
|
|
|
| None/Mild |
0 (0%) |
180 (19.5%) |
0 (0%) |
| Moderate/Severe |
0 (0%) |
522 (56.7%) |
0 (0%) |
| Missing |
2325 (100%) |
219 (23.8%) |
2463 (100%) |
IPW Comparison Table
|
Variable
|
Haneuse (2009)
|
Tsuang (2009)
|
Shaffer (2021)
|
Us!
|
|
Age at Baseline
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Study Cohort
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Education
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Race
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Gender
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Dementia Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Marital Status
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Age at Death
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
Baseline CASI
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Follow-up Time
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
|
Birth Cohort
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
APOE Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Alcohol
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Socioeconomic Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Smoking Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
BMI
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Exercise
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
IADL Status
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Hypertension
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Diabetes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
CVD
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Self-Rated Health
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Vitamins
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
method_final <- glm(formula = autopsy_flag ~
age_death_yrs_centered +
cohort_cat +
education_cat +
race_cat_simp +
male_cat +
dementia_cat +
marital_cat_binary +
nses_z_cx,
family = binomial, data = autopsy_dead)
Table 1 for IPW variables
|
No
(N=2463) |
Yes
(N=921) |
P-value |
| Age at Death |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
87.0 (7.15) |
89.4 (6.62) |
<0.001 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
87.6 [66.4, 108] |
90.0 [68.9, 106] |
|
| cohort_cat |
|
|
|
| Original |
1727 (70.1%) |
537 (58.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Expansion |
399 (16.2%) |
210 (22.8%) |
|
| Replacement |
337 (13.7%) |
174 (18.9%) |
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Female |
1397 (56.7%) |
538 (58.4%) |
0.396 |
| Male |
1066 (43.3%) |
383 (41.6%) |
|
| Race |
|
|
|
| Non-White |
263 (10.7%) |
56 (6.1%) |
<0.001 |
| White |
2199 (89.3%) |
865 (93.9%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| NDI |
|
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.658 (0.717) |
-0.705 (0.713) |
0.091 |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64] |
-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47] |
|
| Missing |
31 (1.3%) |
15 (1.6%) |
|
| education_cat |
|
|
|
| < 13 |
981 (39.8%) |
261 (28.3%) |
<0.001 |
| 13-16 |
1027 (41.7%) |
408 (44.3%) |
|
| 17+ |
454 (18.4%) |
252 (27.4%) |
|
| Missing |
1 (0.0%) |
0 (0%) |
|
| Dementia Status |
|
|
|
| No Dementia |
1715 (69.6%) |
501 (54.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Dementia |
748 (30.4%) |
420 (45.6%) |
|
| Marital Status |
|
|
|
| Married |
1268 (51.5%) |
496 (53.9%) |
0.234 |
| Not Married |
1195 (48.5%) |
425 (46.1%) |
|
Rachel’s Weights
|
Weight <= 5
(N=906) |
Weight > 5
(N=15) |
| age_on_income_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
65.4 (1.41) |
65.0 (0) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
65.0 [65.0, 77.0] |
65.0 [65.0, 65.0] |
| Birth Cohort |
|
|
| 1890-1910 |
296 (32.7%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1910 |
92 (10.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1915 |
208 (23.0%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1925 |
187 (20.6%) |
0 (0%) |
| 1930-1950 |
123 (13.6%) |
13 (86.7%) |
| 1945 |
0 (0%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| APOE_adjusted |
|
|
| - APOE e4 |
25 (2.8%) |
12 (80.0%) |
| 1 |
637 (70.3%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| 2 |
244 (26.9%) |
1 (6.7%) |
| cohort_cat |
|
|
| Original |
537 (59.3%) |
0 (0%) |
| Expansion |
210 (23.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| Replacement |
159 (17.5%) |
15 (100%) |
| degree_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
66 (7.3%) |
1 (6.7%) |
| 4 |
225 (24.8%) |
5 (33.3%) |
| 5 |
119 (13.1%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| 6 |
47 (5.2%) |
1 (6.7%) |
| 7 |
72 (7.9%) |
0 (0%) |
| GED/High School |
377 (41.6%) |
6 (40.0%) |
| race_cat_simp_adjusted |
|
|
| Non-White |
53 (5.8%) |
3 (20.0%) |
| White |
853 (94.2%) |
12 (80.0%) |
| alcohol_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
169 (18.7%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| 2 |
228 (25.2%) |
5 (33.3%) |
| 3 |
507 (56.0%) |
8 (53.3%) |
| Current |
2 (0.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| nses_z_cx_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
-0.707 (0.710) |
-0.623 (0.472) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
-0.798 [-2.66, 2.47] |
-0.493 [-1.37, -0.0705] |
| smoke_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
410 (45.3%) |
6 (40.0%) |
| 2 |
445 (49.1%) |
7 (46.7%) |
| 3 |
49 (5.4%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| Never |
2 (0.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| bmi_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
11 (1.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| 2 |
325 (35.9%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| 3 |
367 (40.5%) |
4 (26.7%) |
| 4 |
182 (20.1%) |
8 (53.3%) |
| overweight |
21 (2.3%) |
1 (6.7%) |
| exercise_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
266 (29.4%) |
7 (46.7%) |
| 2 |
638 (70.4%) |
8 (53.3%) |
| Yes |
2 (0.2%) |
0 (0%) |
| iadl_flag_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
0.180 (0.384) |
0.200 (0.414) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
0 [0, 1.00] |
| Gender |
|
|
| Female |
525 (57.9%) |
13 (86.7%) |
| Male |
381 (42.1%) |
2 (13.3%) |
| Hypertension |
|
|
| No |
367 (40.5%) |
11 (73.3%) |
| Yes |
539 (59.5%) |
4 (26.7%) |
| Diabetes |
|
|
| No |
763 (84.2%) |
10 (66.7%) |
| Yes |
143 (15.8%) |
5 (33.3%) |
| Heart_Dis |
|
|
| No |
631 (69.6%) |
11 (73.3%) |
| Yes |
275 (30.4%) |
4 (26.7%) |
| ratehealth_adjusted |
|
|
| Mean (SD) |
2.54 (0.926) |
2.73 (0.884) |
| Median [Min, Max] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
3.00 [1.00, 5.00] |
| VitaminMulti_cat_adjusted |
|
|
| 1 |
429 (47.4%) |
3 (20.0%) |
| 2 |
477 (52.6%) |
12 (80.0%) |
Primary Models
ath_mod1_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod3_pm25_primary <- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
smoke_cat +
exercise_cat +
alcohol_cat +
cohort_cat +
degree_cat,
data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")
ath_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(athero_bi ~
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*HTN_cat_tv +
age_death_yrs_centered +
male_cat +
race_cat_simp +
nses_z_cx +
splines::bs(death_year_centered) +
apoe +
cohort_cat +
education_cat,
data = autopsy_90l, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")
Aim 1: Vascular Pathologies
Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.080
|
0.000 – 14.077
|
0.344
|
0.413
|
0.013 – 10.590
|
0.602
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.057
|
0.940 – 1.190
|
0.358
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
27.929
|
0.071 – 17856.153
|
0.291
|
28.407
|
0.073 – 17918.486
|
0.288
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
5.322
|
0.593 – 43.634
|
0.127
|
5.178
|
0.576 – 42.446
|
0.133
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
166.687
|
1.605 – 29883.303
|
0.040
|
162.481
|
1.568 – 29005.227
|
0.041
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.073
|
0.787 – 1.467
|
0.656
|
1.079
|
0.792 – 1.476
|
0.630
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.477
|
0.191 – 1.043
|
0.083
|
0.488
|
0.196 – 1.068
|
0.093
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.147
|
0.914 – 1.443
|
0.238
|
1.161
|
0.928 – 1.455
|
0.194
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.060
|
0.001 – 3.871
|
0.187
|
0.023
|
0.001 – 0.860
|
0.042
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
31.023
|
3.516 – 284.184
|
0.002
|
14.504
|
3.519 – 60.067
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.183
|
0.035 – 40.392
|
0.925
|
0.372
|
0.037 – 3.733
|
0.400
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.081
|
0.777 – 1.514
|
0.646
|
1.082
|
0.777 – 1.514
|
0.645
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.911
|
0.615 – 1.354
|
0.642
|
0.889
|
0.598 – 1.326
|
0.561
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.115
|
0.650 – 1.942
|
0.696
|
1.103
|
0.643 – 1.922
|
0.724
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.906
|
0.631 – 1.295
|
0.589
|
0.897
|
0.625 – 1.283
|
0.553
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.070
|
0.698 – 1.642
|
0.756
|
1.046
|
0.680 – 1.610
|
0.838
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.037
|
0.946 – 1.141
|
0.450
|
|
Observations
|
772
|
772
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.126
|
0.125
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.162
|
0.000 – 53.401
|
0.541
|
25.062
|
0.011 – 83890.451
|
0.425
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.046
|
0.897 – 1.223
|
0.569
|
1.121
|
0.918 – 1.364
|
0.256
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.183
|
0.797 – 1.761
|
0.405
|
0.811
|
0.486 – 1.353
|
0.420
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.070
|
1.020 – 1.124
|
0.006
|
1.105
|
1.018 – 1.206
|
0.021
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.803
|
0.319 – 1.884
|
0.625
|
0.170
|
0.008 – 0.884
|
0.097
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.017
|
0.763 – 1.357
|
0.907
|
1.239
|
0.860 – 1.811
|
0.258
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.736
|
0.003 – 205.887
|
0.914
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.181
|
0.028
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
250.535
|
16.264 – 4250.630
|
<0.001
|
20.552
|
0.461 – 864.743
|
0.115
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.223
|
0.011 – 148.725
|
0.934
|
0.033
|
0.000 – 18.131
|
0.304
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.469
|
0.966 – 2.252
|
0.074
|
1.224
|
0.670 – 2.326
|
0.523
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.994
|
0.582 – 1.705
|
0.982
|
0.845
|
0.452 – 1.615
|
0.602
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.149
|
0.553 – 2.421
|
0.712
|
1.158
|
0.463 – 3.303
|
0.766
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.938
|
0.582 – 1.504
|
0.790
|
1.134
|
0.621 – 2.065
|
0.681
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.087
|
0.615 – 1.921
|
0.774
|
1.041
|
0.539 – 2.019
|
0.905
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
377
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.116
|
0.100
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.794
|
0.057 – 10.232
|
0.861
|
1190.138
|
10.325 – 328720.196
|
0.007
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.994
|
0.891 – 1.113
|
0.911
|
0.984
|
0.846 – 1.161
|
0.843
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.183
|
0.797 – 1.760
|
0.406
|
0.798
|
0.477 – 1.337
|
0.391
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.070
|
1.020 – 1.124
|
0.006
|
1.105
|
1.017 – 1.206
|
0.021
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.821
|
0.327 – 1.920
|
0.659
|
0.157
|
0.008 – 0.816
|
0.083
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.037
|
0.780 – 1.380
|
0.802
|
1.322
|
0.916 – 1.925
|
0.139
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.340
|
0.003 – 50.740
|
0.666
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.028
|
0.010
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
138.296
|
22.087 – 909.293
|
<0.001
|
4.507
|
0.253 – 65.219
|
0.285
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.435
|
0.017 – 11.913
|
0.616
|
0.004
|
0.000 – 0.573
|
0.045
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.469
|
0.966 – 2.251
|
0.074
|
1.237
|
0.678 – 2.351
|
0.500
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.002
|
0.582 – 1.734
|
0.994
|
0.848
|
0.451 – 1.632
|
0.615
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.145
|
0.551 – 2.415
|
0.718
|
1.202
|
0.482 – 3.423
|
0.708
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.933
|
0.579 – 1.497
|
0.775
|
1.137
|
0.622 – 2.073
|
0.675
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.082
|
0.611 – 1.920
|
0.787
|
1.038
|
0.531 – 2.039
|
0.914
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
377
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.116
|
0.095
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 1.980
|
0.068
|
0.179
|
0.000 – 211.237
|
0.620
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.203
|
1.052 – 1.382
|
0.008
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
45631.267
|
11.629 – 573905581.323
|
0.017
|
54662.052
|
15.052 – 638932073.609
|
0.015
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
14.465
|
0.990 – 193.238
|
0.046
|
12.523
|
0.867 – 165.240
|
0.058
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
44010.524
|
69.424 – 85706954.535
|
0.003
|
56900.764
|
92.327 – 106892657.915
|
0.002
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.981
|
0.694 – 1.392
|
0.915
|
0.980
|
0.694 – 1.389
|
0.909
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.712
|
0.848 – 3.361
|
0.123
|
1.671
|
0.834 – 3.253
|
0.137
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.895
|
0.702 – 1.143
|
0.374
|
0.996
|
0.786 – 1.265
|
0.976
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 40.610
|
0.253
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 11.746
|
0.171
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.562
|
0.006 – 30.223
|
0.788
|
0.083
|
0.001 – 2.916
|
0.199
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.379
|
0.000 – 285.667
|
0.784
|
0.021
|
0.000 – 9.040
|
0.238
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.405
|
0.963 – 2.076
|
0.082
|
1.398
|
0.960 – 2.061
|
0.085
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.105
|
0.729 – 1.692
|
0.640
|
1.115
|
0.734 – 1.710
|
0.614
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.813
|
0.475 – 1.408
|
0.456
|
0.838
|
0.490 – 1.447
|
0.521
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.847
|
0.560 – 1.272
|
0.426
|
0.849
|
0.561 – 1.276
|
0.435
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.088
|
0.672 – 1.766
|
0.731
|
1.095
|
0.675 – 1.781
|
0.713
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.940
|
0.859 – 1.033
|
0.190
|
|
Observations
|
666
|
666
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.099
|
0.090
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.009
|
0.000 – 60.710
|
0.277
|
2746.096
|
0.026 – 968566082.330
|
0.203
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.287
|
1.073 – 1.557
|
0.008
|
1.149
|
0.933 – 1.415
|
0.187
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.222
|
0.778 – 1.931
|
0.387
|
0.642
|
0.372 – 1.103
|
0.109
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.119
|
1.057 – 1.187
|
<0.001
|
1.064
|
0.976 – 1.166
|
0.168
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.764
|
0.306 – 1.793
|
0.546
|
1.694
|
0.587 – 4.380
|
0.297
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.974
|
0.707 – 1.343
|
0.872
|
0.939
|
0.651 – 1.366
|
0.737
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
2.570
|
0.000 – 191818.394
|
0.877
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.125
|
0.043
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.883
|
0.005 – 88.144
|
0.960
|
0.034
|
0.000 – 36.486
|
0.383
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
47.025
|
0.006 – 134039.032
|
0.363
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 3.643
|
0.103
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.922
|
1.197 – 3.136
|
0.008
|
0.762
|
0.417 – 1.430
|
0.384
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.108
|
0.629 – 1.978
|
0.725
|
0.876
|
0.465 – 1.695
|
0.686
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.923
|
0.431 – 1.986
|
0.837
|
0.740
|
0.328 – 1.774
|
0.481
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.687
|
0.387 – 1.199
|
0.191
|
1.016
|
0.535 – 1.917
|
0.960
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.884
|
0.456 – 1.708
|
0.714
|
0.822
|
0.408 – 1.653
|
0.580
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
345
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.102
|
0.039
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
11.099
|
0.030 – 11111.372
|
0.446
|
205903.313
|
6.817 – 36067578949.578
|
0.033
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.994
|
0.885 – 1.121
|
0.915
|
0.944
|
0.815 – 1.109
|
0.463
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.226
|
0.782 – 1.934
|
0.377
|
0.619
|
0.358 – 1.066
|
0.085
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.115
|
1.053 – 1.182
|
<0.001
|
1.070
|
0.981 – 1.172
|
0.134
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.872
|
0.351 – 2.035
|
0.757
|
1.522
|
0.527 – 3.916
|
0.405
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.056
|
0.772 – 1.449
|
0.733
|
1.027
|
0.711 – 1.492
|
0.888
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.667
|
0.000 – 29122.908
|
0.943
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.054
|
0.034
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.074
|
0.001 – 3.922
|
0.220
|
0.008
|
0.000 – 5.485
|
0.194
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.996
|
0.000 – 1067.639
|
0.999
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 0.317
|
0.046
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.879
|
1.177 – 3.045
|
0.009
|
0.786
|
0.431 – 1.475
|
0.441
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.108
|
0.627 – 1.981
|
0.727
|
0.904
|
0.477 – 1.767
|
0.762
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.922
|
0.432 – 1.977
|
0.833
|
0.779
|
0.347 – 1.860
|
0.557
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.639
|
0.363 – 1.109
|
0.115
|
1.042
|
0.548 – 1.972
|
0.899
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.809
|
0.418 – 1.561
|
0.528
|
0.863
|
0.424 – 1.757
|
0.682
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
345
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.080
|
0.038
|
Aim 2: Vascular Damage
Microinfarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.030
|
0.000 – 3.985
|
0.167
|
0.006
|
0.000 – 0.150
|
0.003
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.945
|
0.850 – 1.048
|
0.284
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
112.088
|
0.351 – 63875.579
|
0.125
|
118.138
|
0.359 – 69761.620
|
0.123
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
11.890
|
1.864 – 81.028
|
0.010
|
12.155
|
1.899 – 83.209
|
0.009
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
93.851
|
1.492 – 8946.501
|
0.040
|
102.448
|
1.592 – 10053.190
|
0.037
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.906
|
0.690 – 1.189
|
0.476
|
0.898
|
0.684 – 1.179
|
0.439
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.036
|
0.570 – 1.891
|
0.908
|
1.014
|
0.556 – 1.854
|
0.964
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.084
|
0.892 – 1.319
|
0.420
|
1.073
|
0.885 – 1.301
|
0.473
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
21.819
|
0.476 – 1133.990
|
0.119
|
53.300
|
1.768 – 1908.776
|
0.025
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
3.353
|
0.451 – 25.085
|
0.237
|
7.645
|
2.149 – 28.155
|
0.002
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.673
|
0.076 – 37.892
|
0.745
|
5.110
|
0.639 – 45.201
|
0.132
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.828
|
0.616 – 1.111
|
0.208
|
0.824
|
0.613 – 1.106
|
0.198
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.918
|
0.654 – 1.287
|
0.619
|
0.943
|
0.671 – 1.326
|
0.735
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.914
|
0.590 – 1.415
|
0.686
|
0.922
|
0.595 – 1.429
|
0.717
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.023
|
0.747 – 1.403
|
0.886
|
1.037
|
0.756 – 1.424
|
0.822
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.306
|
0.900 – 1.900
|
0.161
|
1.343
|
0.923 – 1.958
|
0.125
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.964
|
0.892 – 1.040
|
0.343
|
|
Observations
|
793
|
793
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.052
|
0.052
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.014
|
0.000 – 3.324
|
0.127
|
44.126
|
0.080 – 26394.124
|
0.241
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.063
|
0.920 – 1.230
|
0.404
|
0.832
|
0.701 – 0.980
|
0.031
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.272
|
0.873 – 1.856
|
0.211
|
0.906
|
0.599 – 1.369
|
0.638
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.100
|
1.049 – 1.155
|
<0.001
|
1.041
|
0.978 – 1.109
|
0.206
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.733
|
0.341 – 1.565
|
0.421
|
0.875
|
0.371 – 2.012
|
0.754
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.245
|
0.942 – 1.649
|
0.125
|
1.056
|
0.792 – 1.411
|
0.712
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
997.534
|
5.100 – 234543.030
|
0.011
|
1.648
|
0.002 – 2473.201
|
0.887
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
5.327
|
0.371 – 78.868
|
0.220
|
4.528
|
0.194 – 109.802
|
0.348
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
64.310
|
0.791 – 5617.840
|
0.065
|
0.108
|
0.001 – 17.349
|
0.379
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.456
|
0.981 – 2.165
|
0.062
|
0.625
|
0.387 – 1.005
|
0.053
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.815
|
0.489 – 1.356
|
0.432
|
0.926
|
0.562 – 1.533
|
0.764
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.114
|
0.562 – 2.204
|
0.756
|
0.808
|
0.417 – 1.568
|
0.526
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.009
|
0.640 – 1.597
|
0.968
|
1.096
|
0.687 – 1.750
|
0.699
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.341
|
0.778 – 2.324
|
0.293
|
1.229
|
0.716 – 2.119
|
0.455
|
|
Observations
|
407
|
386
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.058
|
0.057
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.079
|
0.006 – 0.930
|
0.048
|
0.245
|
0.006 – 6.452
|
0.423
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
1.048
|
0.944 – 1.167
|
0.378
|
0.936
|
0.833 – 1.050
|
0.260
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.276
|
0.876 – 1.862
|
0.205
|
0.896
|
0.592 – 1.354
|
0.601
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.097
|
1.046 – 1.152
|
<0.001
|
1.045
|
0.982 – 1.114
|
0.171
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.759
|
0.353 – 1.619
|
0.475
|
0.944
|
0.402 – 2.164
|
0.893
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.252
|
0.950 – 1.653
|
0.112
|
1.012
|
0.762 – 1.345
|
0.935
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
325.820
|
3.117 – 43091.923
|
0.017
|
9.004
|
0.022 – 8065.398
|
0.495
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
2.217
|
0.400 – 12.687
|
0.365
|
48.284
|
5.783 – 484.850
|
0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
18.160
|
0.912 – 408.385
|
0.062
|
2.012
|
0.054 – 121.175
|
0.718
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.459
|
0.983 – 2.170
|
0.061
|
0.614
|
0.381 – 0.986
|
0.044
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.786
|
0.467 – 1.317
|
0.362
|
0.973
|
0.589 – 1.613
|
0.914
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.094
|
0.551 – 2.165
|
0.797
|
0.800
|
0.414 – 1.552
|
0.507
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.989
|
0.626 – 1.566
|
0.963
|
1.126
|
0.705 – 1.798
|
0.620
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.286
|
0.743 – 2.235
|
0.370
|
1.334
|
0.771 – 2.320
|
0.304
|
|
Observations
|
407
|
386
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.057
|
0.052
|
Gross infarcts
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.020
|
0.000 – 6.699
|
0.198
|
0.062
|
0.001 – 3.335
|
0.199
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.013
|
0.894 – 1.145
|
0.837
|
|
|
|
age death yrs centered
[1st degree]
|
7.130
|
0.009 – 12950.605
|
0.583
|
7.365
|
0.010 – 13167.439
|
0.575
|
age death yrs centered
[2nd degree]
|
27.720
|
2.820 – 348.603
|
0.006
|
26.402
|
2.688 – 331.130
|
0.007
|
age death yrs centered
[3rd degree]
|
5.365
|
0.049 – 996.915
|
0.503
|
6.107
|
0.057 – 1124.984
|
0.469
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.892
|
0.652 – 1.219
|
0.476
|
0.883
|
0.644 – 1.208
|
0.437
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.819
|
0.905 – 3.939
|
0.108
|
1.722
|
0.853 – 3.743
|
0.146
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.035
|
0.830 – 1.291
|
0.758
|
1.070
|
0.860 – 1.332
|
0.541
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 0.910
|
0.038
|
0.005
|
0.000 – 0.529
|
0.019
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
47.524
|
3.915 – 619.657
|
0.003
|
37.735
|
7.444 – 231.416
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.996
|
0.027 – 40.723
|
0.998
|
0.580
|
0.046 – 9.903
|
0.687
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.825
|
0.583 – 1.161
|
0.273
|
0.820
|
0.578 – 1.154
|
0.258
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.857
|
0.584 – 1.250
|
0.426
|
0.885
|
0.602 – 1.295
|
0.531
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.917
|
0.579 – 1.449
|
0.712
|
0.936
|
0.591 – 1.480
|
0.778
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.072
|
0.745 – 1.549
|
0.708
|
1.103
|
0.764 – 1.596
|
0.602
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.958
|
0.625 – 1.467
|
0.842
|
0.993
|
0.647 – 1.526
|
0.976
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.930
|
0.850 – 1.014
|
0.107
|
|
Observations
|
799
|
799
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.132
|
0.133
|
Stratified, PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.099
|
0.000 – 116.577
|
0.522
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 6.075
|
0.160
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.010
|
0.838 – 1.211
|
0.918
|
1.098
|
0.923 – 1.309
|
0.294
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.013
|
0.636 – 1.609
|
0.955
|
0.772
|
0.500 – 1.191
|
0.243
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.106
|
1.038 – 1.184
|
0.003
|
0.981
|
0.919 – 1.048
|
0.575
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.579
|
0.658 – 4.230
|
0.329
|
1.486
|
0.610 – 3.804
|
0.391
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.191
|
0.852 – 1.666
|
0.305
|
0.893
|
0.658 – 1.205
|
0.463
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.077
|
0.000 – 181.982
|
0.492
|
0.103
|
0.000 – 737.234
|
0.566
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
68.644
|
2.007 – 2791.329
|
0.021
|
450.132
|
11.107 – 29909.884
|
0.002
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.888
|
0.006 – 674.613
|
0.828
|
15.648
|
0.082 – 6674.128
|
0.329
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.924
|
0.566 – 1.490
|
0.748
|
0.737
|
0.436 – 1.231
|
0.248
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.952
|
0.506 – 1.754
|
0.876
|
1.188
|
0.716 – 1.969
|
0.503
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.175
|
0.545 – 2.511
|
0.679
|
0.973
|
0.509 – 1.858
|
0.933
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.174
|
0.664 – 2.109
|
0.586
|
1.091
|
0.665 – 1.790
|
0.731
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.087
|
0.558 – 2.128
|
0.807
|
0.728
|
0.406 – 1.297
|
0.283
|
|
Observations
|
411
|
388
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.104
|
0.128
|
Stratified, NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.209
|
0.003 – 6.701
|
0.412
|
0.256
|
0.001 – 11.591
|
0.534
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
0.946
|
0.829 – 1.068
|
0.388
|
0.945
|
0.834 – 1.067
|
0.363
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.014
|
0.636 – 1.612
|
0.953
|
0.751
|
0.484 – 1.161
|
0.199
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.108
|
1.039 – 1.186
|
0.002
|
0.986
|
0.923 – 1.052
|
0.665
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.565
|
0.654 – 4.182
|
0.338
|
1.368
|
0.563 – 3.492
|
0.496
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.218
|
0.872 – 1.702
|
0.246
|
0.951
|
0.705 – 1.279
|
0.739
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.073
|
0.000 – 135.695
|
0.458
|
0.031
|
0.000 – 261.926
|
0.379
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
61.560
|
5.741 – 1024.175
|
0.001
|
113.818
|
7.683 – 4177.610
|
0.002
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.344
|
0.023 – 155.563
|
0.894
|
2.160
|
0.033 – 597.545
|
0.748
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.922
|
0.564 – 1.487
|
0.741
|
0.745
|
0.441 – 1.243
|
0.264
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.991
|
0.523 – 1.842
|
0.977
|
1.216
|
0.729 – 2.026
|
0.454
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.188
|
0.550 – 2.543
|
0.659
|
1.011
|
0.529 – 1.930
|
0.974
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.183
|
0.670 – 2.123
|
0.567
|
1.114
|
0.678 – 1.834
|
0.670
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.119
|
0.574 – 2.192
|
0.742
|
0.759
|
0.421 – 1.361
|
0.356
|
|
Observations
|
411
|
388
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.105
|
0.126
|
Aim 3: Modifying effect of established risk factors
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.021
|
0.000 – 8.188
|
0.208
|
0.560
|
0.028 – 10.825
|
0.702
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.109
|
0.943 – 1.308
|
0.213
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
15.531
|
1.833 – 136.652
|
0.012
|
1.279
|
0.217 – 7.305
|
0.783
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.070
|
1.019 – 1.125
|
0.007
|
1.069
|
1.018 – 1.125
|
0.008
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.225
|
0.817 – 1.843
|
0.328
|
1.217
|
0.811 – 1.832
|
0.345
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.946
|
0.375 – 2.251
|
0.903
|
0.870
|
0.344 – 2.057
|
0.757
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.953
|
0.708 – 1.281
|
0.751
|
0.961
|
0.717 – 1.287
|
0.791
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.961
|
0.003 – 295.846
|
0.989
|
0.337
|
0.002 – 51.990
|
0.667
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
264.172
|
16.569 – 4637.882
|
<0.001
|
136.866
|
20.950 – 937.820
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.223
|
0.010 – 163.448
|
0.935
|
0.386
|
0.014 – 10.879
|
0.572
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.477
|
0.959 – 2.291
|
0.079
|
1.511
|
0.983 – 2.340
|
0.062
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.898
|
0.520 – 1.556
|
0.701
|
0.901
|
0.516 – 1.580
|
0.715
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.550
|
0.711 – 3.472
|
0.277
|
1.353
|
0.633 – 2.945
|
0.439
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.951
|
0.584 – 1.541
|
0.837
|
0.926
|
0.568 – 1.501
|
0.754
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.088
|
0.608 – 1.951
|
0.777
|
1.040
|
0.578 – 1.873
|
0.897
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.911
|
0.820 – 1.011
|
0.081
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.963
|
0.803 – 1.155
|
0.680
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.085
|
0.868 – 1.364
|
0.478
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.153
|
0.151
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.160
|
0.000 – 52.702
|
0.538
|
0.900
|
0.063 – 12.051
|
0.937
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.047
|
0.897 – 1.224
|
0.563
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
0.932
|
0.081 – 11.665
|
0.955
|
0.524
|
0.059 – 4.235
|
0.550
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.070
|
1.020 – 1.124
|
0.006
|
1.069
|
1.019 – 1.123
|
0.007
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.193
|
0.800 – 1.783
|
0.387
|
1.183
|
0.793 – 1.769
|
0.410
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.797
|
0.314 – 1.879
|
0.615
|
0.817
|
0.323 – 1.921
|
0.653
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.019
|
0.764 – 1.359
|
0.898
|
1.038
|
0.781 – 1.381
|
0.797
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.765
|
0.003 – 217.683
|
0.925
|
0.328
|
0.003 – 49.881
|
0.656
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
253.589
|
16.198 – 4375.519
|
<0.001
|
141.264
|
22.494 – 932.340
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.270
|
0.011 – 157.923
|
0.922
|
0.434
|
0.017 – 12.066
|
0.617
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.471
|
0.967 – 2.254
|
0.073
|
1.475
|
0.969 – 2.260
|
0.072
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.987
|
0.576 – 1.698
|
0.962
|
0.990
|
0.574 – 1.716
|
0.971
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.138
|
0.545 – 2.406
|
0.733
|
1.125
|
0.539 – 2.381
|
0.756
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.934
|
0.579 – 1.500
|
0.777
|
0.929
|
0.576 – 1.492
|
0.761
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.079
|
0.609 – 1.912
|
0.795
|
1.062
|
0.597 – 1.890
|
0.838
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.000
|
0.885 – 1.126
|
0.997
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.981
|
0.872 – 1.110
|
0.759
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.080
|
0.827 – 1.434
|
0.580
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.116
|
0.117
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.154
|
0.000 – 53.962
|
0.533
|
1.361
|
0.093 – 18.643
|
0.819
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.047
|
0.897 – 1.226
|
0.563
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
1.192
|
0.062 – 29.099
|
0.910
|
0.144
|
0.014 – 1.125
|
0.081
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.071
|
1.021 – 1.124
|
0.006
|
1.066
|
1.016 – 1.120
|
0.009
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.180
|
0.794 – 1.758
|
0.413
|
1.163
|
0.781 – 1.733
|
0.458
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.807
|
0.320 – 1.893
|
0.632
|
0.872
|
0.345 – 2.056
|
0.761
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.015
|
0.760 – 1.355
|
0.920
|
1.022
|
0.766 – 1.364
|
0.883
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.756
|
0.003 – 224.121
|
0.923
|
0.236
|
0.002 – 36.353
|
0.566
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
244.924
|
15.791 – 4177.032
|
<0.001
|
146.131
|
22.954 – 978.342
|
<0.001
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1.250
|
0.010 – 156.117
|
0.927
|
0.353
|
0.014 – 9.771
|
0.532
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.471
|
0.967 – 2.256
|
0.073
|
1.466
|
0.962 – 2.250
|
0.077
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.991
|
0.580 – 1.703
|
0.974
|
1.003
|
0.581 – 1.740
|
0.992
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.153
|
0.554 – 2.430
|
0.706
|
1.100
|
0.525 – 2.332
|
0.802
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.941
|
0.584 – 1.511
|
0.801
|
0.919
|
0.570 – 1.478
|
0.729
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.095
|
0.619 – 1.942
|
0.755
|
1.042
|
0.585 – 1.858
|
0.888
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
0.995
|
0.848 – 1.154
|
0.950
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.932
|
0.821 – 1.060
|
0.279
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.300
|
1.004 – 1.776
|
0.066
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.116
|
0.121
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
Modifier = Hypertension
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 2.928
|
0.075
|
13.690
|
0.027 – 18615.612
|
0.430
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.426
|
1.157 – 1.780
|
0.001
|
|
|
|
|
HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
32.834
|
1.497 – 762.826
|
0.028
|
1.013
|
0.150 – 6.982
|
0.990
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.111
|
1.048 – 1.179
|
<0.001
|
1.115
|
1.052 – 1.183
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.214
|
0.770 – 1.926
|
0.406
|
1.219
|
0.776 – 1.928
|
0.393
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.850
|
0.335 – 2.036
|
0.721
|
0.876
|
0.349 – 2.070
|
0.769
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.970
|
0.700 – 1.344
|
0.854
|
1.038
|
0.757 – 1.426
|
0.816
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
34.458
|
0.000 – 3348156.132
|
0.566
|
0.420
|
0.000 – 19955.401
|
0.879
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.716
|
0.010 – 180.999
|
0.827
|
0.064
|
0.001 – 3.448
|
0.198
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
223.821
|
0.028 – 791133.037
|
0.208
|
0.719
|
0.000 – 820.902
|
0.930
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.908
|
1.184 – 3.127
|
0.009
|
1.877
|
1.175 – 3.045
|
0.009
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.072
|
0.605 – 1.922
|
0.814
|
1.077
|
0.605 – 1.939
|
0.802
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.006
|
0.464 – 2.200
|
0.989
|
0.952
|
0.444 – 2.054
|
0.900
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.676
|
0.379 – 1.185
|
0.176
|
0.645
|
0.366 – 1.119
|
0.123
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.929
|
0.477 – 1.805
|
0.829
|
0.804
|
0.414 – 1.551
|
0.515
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × HTN cat tv
[Yes]
|
0.841
|
0.713 – 0.989
|
0.037
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.981
|
0.801 – 1.215
|
0.856
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × HTN cat tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.028
|
0.802 – 1.312
|
0.824
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
321
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.111
|
0.081
|
Modifier = CVD
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.015
|
0.000 – 97.473
|
0.333
|
11.960
|
0.031 – 13152.961
|
0.437
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.268
|
1.052 – 1.540
|
0.014
|
|
|
|
|
Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
1.030
|
0.025 – 43.708
|
0.988
|
22.484
|
2.404 – 240.019
|
0.007
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.126
|
1.063 – 1.196
|
<0.001
|
1.128
|
1.064 – 1.198
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.110
|
0.699 – 1.770
|
0.660
|
1.168
|
0.733 – 1.869
|
0.516
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.809
|
0.323 – 1.908
|
0.636
|
0.930
|
0.373 – 2.182
|
0.870
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.945
|
0.682 – 1.308
|
0.734
|
1.010
|
0.732 – 1.395
|
0.949
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
1.225
|
0.000 – 86277.758
|
0.973
|
0.184
|
0.000 – 8870.623
|
0.768
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
0.676
|
0.004 – 66.777
|
0.873
|
0.046
|
0.000 – 2.526
|
0.152
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
24.940
|
0.004 – 69183.763
|
0.443
|
0.378
|
0.000 – 437.407
|
0.795
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.882
|
1.165 – 3.088
|
0.011
|
1.857
|
1.154 – 3.033
|
0.012
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.204
|
0.676 – 2.175
|
0.533
|
1.261
|
0.703 – 2.296
|
0.442
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.004
|
0.464 – 2.185
|
0.991
|
1.055
|
0.484 – 2.318
|
0.893
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.731
|
0.409 – 1.289
|
0.284
|
0.696
|
0.390 – 1.223
|
0.212
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.962
|
0.490 – 1.888
|
0.911
|
0.922
|
0.468 – 1.817
|
0.815
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × Heart Dis tv
[Yes]
|
1.030
|
0.849 – 1.252
|
0.761
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.048
|
0.922 – 1.204
|
0.487
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × Heart Dis tv [Yes]
|
|
|
|
0.724
|
0.538 – 0.961
|
0.027
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
321
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.113
|
0.100
|
Modifier = Diabetes
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.009
|
0.000 – 60.465
|
0.274
|
9.174
|
0.023 – 9242.345
|
0.485
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.278
|
1.062 – 1.549
|
0.011
|
|
|
|
|
diabetes cat tv [Yes]
|
0.292
|
0.005 – 15.379
|
0.546
|
1.162
|
0.147 – 8.444
|
0.883
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.117
|
1.055 – 1.186
|
<0.001
|
1.116
|
1.053 – 1.183
|
<0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.194
|
0.758 – 1.893
|
0.446
|
1.217
|
0.775 – 1.921
|
0.396
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.776
|
0.310 – 1.825
|
0.571
|
0.880
|
0.353 – 2.063
|
0.775
|
|
nses z cx
|
0.963
|
0.697 – 1.329
|
0.816
|
1.052
|
0.768 – 1.443
|
0.754
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
2.824
|
0.000 – 234065.396
|
0.865
|
0.924
|
0.000 – 42606.812
|
0.989
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
1.066
|
0.006 – 110.595
|
0.979
|
0.081
|
0.001 – 4.321
|
0.235
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
52.508
|
0.007 – 156282.205
|
0.350
|
1.199
|
0.000 – 1315.800
|
0.961
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.905
|
1.184 – 3.112
|
0.009
|
1.884
|
1.180 – 3.053
|
0.009
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
1.121
|
0.634 – 2.007
|
0.696
|
1.108
|
0.627 – 1.981
|
0.727
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.927
|
0.433 – 1.996
|
0.846
|
0.931
|
0.435 – 2.004
|
0.855
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.695
|
0.391 – 1.218
|
0.208
|
0.650
|
0.367 – 1.132
|
0.132
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
0.902
|
0.463 – 1.752
|
0.760
|
0.832
|
0.426 – 1.618
|
0.587
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × diabetes cat
tv [Yes]
|
1.077
|
0.876 – 1.336
|
0.490
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.989
|
0.864 – 1.139
|
0.873
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × diabetes cat tv
[Yes]
|
|
|
|
1.002
|
0.786 – 1.301
|
0.986
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
321
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.105
|
0.081
|
Aim 4: Modifying effect of vascular pathologies
Outcome = Microinfarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.001
|
0.000 – 0.403
|
0.026
|
0.172
|
0.008 – 3.445
|
0.256
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.144
|
0.971 – 1.350
|
0.109
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
3.706
|
0.371 – 39.681
|
0.270
|
0.347
|
0.057 – 2.010
|
0.240
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.089
|
1.036 – 1.147
|
0.001
|
1.088
|
1.035 – 1.145
|
0.001
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.315
|
0.887 – 1.951
|
0.173
|
1.333
|
0.902 – 1.973
|
0.150
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.648
|
0.282 – 1.467
|
0.298
|
0.710
|
0.310 – 1.603
|
0.410
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.237
|
0.926 – 1.655
|
0.150
|
1.292
|
0.970 – 1.727
|
0.082
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
5206.105
|
13.843 – 2527992.188
|
0.005
|
373.188
|
2.107 – 92572.735
|
0.029
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
9.646
|
0.567 – 170.706
|
0.119
|
2.006
|
0.290 – 14.370
|
0.483
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
296.911
|
2.143 – 46026.828
|
0.025
|
19.012
|
0.600 – 712.905
|
0.101
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.472
|
0.977 – 2.224
|
0.065
|
1.521
|
1.010 – 2.297
|
0.045
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.801
|
0.475 – 1.347
|
0.403
|
0.735
|
0.430 – 1.250
|
0.257
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.178
|
0.581 – 2.384
|
0.649
|
1.067
|
0.525 – 2.165
|
0.857
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.912
|
0.570 – 1.461
|
0.700
|
0.875
|
0.546 – 1.403
|
0.578
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.317
|
0.754 – 2.311
|
0.334
|
1.247
|
0.710 – 2.202
|
0.443
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.959
|
0.855 – 1.073
|
0.474
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.917
|
0.749 – 1.114
|
0.389
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.227
|
0.978 – 1.553
|
0.081
|
|
Observations
|
391
|
391
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.075
|
0.073
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.000
|
0.000 – 2.795
|
0.089
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 8.455
|
0.193
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
1.095
|
0.901 – 1.332
|
0.362
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
2.136
|
0.116 – 41.539
|
0.612
|
0.892
|
0.138 – 5.754
|
0.904
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.073
|
1.013 – 1.139
|
0.018
|
1.067
|
1.007 – 1.133
|
0.028
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
1.202
|
0.778 – 1.857
|
0.407
|
1.209
|
0.781 – 1.875
|
0.394
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
0.595
|
0.252 – 1.373
|
0.225
|
0.624
|
0.266 – 1.436
|
0.268
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.270
|
0.931 – 1.738
|
0.132
|
1.287
|
0.941 – 1.766
|
0.116
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
60984.900
|
0.228 – 65795783286.947
|
0.097
|
24756.233
|
0.089 – 35208789446.869
|
0.133
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
28.374
|
0.210 – 6164.932
|
0.196
|
10.181
|
0.098 – 2090.913
|
0.355
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
1084.176
|
0.231 – 10891422.794
|
0.116
|
273.718
|
0.081 – 2643793.826
|
0.198
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
1.558
|
0.996 – 2.444
|
0.052
|
1.538
|
0.984 – 2.413
|
0.060
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.789
|
0.458 – 1.357
|
0.392
|
0.737
|
0.422 – 1.281
|
0.281
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.070
|
0.513 – 2.226
|
0.856
|
1.011
|
0.484 – 2.107
|
0.977
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
0.959
|
0.562 – 1.641
|
0.879
|
0.925
|
0.542 – 1.581
|
0.775
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.509
|
0.809 – 2.842
|
0.198
|
1.406
|
0.752 – 2.652
|
0.288
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.994
|
0.852 – 1.157
|
0.935
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
1.004
|
0.814 – 1.238
|
0.969
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
1.111
|
0.874 – 1.418
|
0.390
|
|
Observations
|
318
|
318
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.080
|
0.079
|
Outcome = Gross infarcts
Modifier = Atherosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
1.539
|
0.001 – 4429.907
|
0.915
|
0.185
|
0.002 – 11.467
|
0.444
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.929
|
0.746 – 1.147
|
0.501
|
|
|
|
athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.296
|
0.016 – 5.520
|
0.412
|
2.173
|
0.245 – 17.665
|
0.473
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.093
|
1.022 – 1.173
|
0.012
|
1.093
|
1.022 – 1.173
|
0.012
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.963
|
0.591 – 1.561
|
0.879
|
0.941
|
0.577 – 1.527
|
0.807
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.863
|
0.705 – 5.756
|
0.238
|
1.901
|
0.720 – 5.866
|
0.223
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.129
|
0.796 – 1.599
|
0.493
|
1.136
|
0.801 – 1.608
|
0.473
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.002
|
0.000 – 14.445
|
0.154
|
0.013
|
0.000 – 42.357
|
0.250
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
38.885
|
0.853 – 2028.691
|
0.063
|
54.363
|
4.031 – 1096.313
|
0.004
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
0.149
|
0.000 – 109.372
|
0.565
|
0.423
|
0.004 – 80.772
|
0.726
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.867
|
0.516 – 1.433
|
0.582
|
0.832
|
0.495 – 1.376
|
0.480
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.938
|
0.493 – 1.751
|
0.843
|
1.003
|
0.523 – 1.887
|
0.993
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
0.979
|
0.438 – 2.154
|
0.958
|
1.031
|
0.460 – 2.280
|
0.940
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.126
|
0.627 – 2.054
|
0.695
|
1.115
|
0.622 – 2.030
|
0.717
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.085
|
0.550 – 2.152
|
0.815
|
1.095
|
0.554 – 2.175
|
0.793
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
1.104
|
0.947 – 1.292
|
0.205
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.983
|
0.752 – 1.243
|
0.894
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × athero bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
0.981
|
0.748 – 1.318
|
0.896
|
|
Observations
|
395
|
395
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.111
|
0.111
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
PM 2.5
|
NO2
|
|
Predictors
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
Odds Ratios
|
CI
|
p
|
|
(Intercept)
|
0.027
|
0.000 – 2702.787
|
0.585
|
0.007
|
0.000 – 98.086
|
0.418
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr
|
0.954
|
0.742 – 1.215
|
0.706
|
|
|
|
arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
2.852
|
0.071 – 113.843
|
0.576
|
2.720
|
0.287 – 23.848
|
0.370
|
|
age death yrs centered
|
1.093
|
1.015 – 1.180
|
0.021
|
1.098
|
1.020 – 1.186
|
0.015
|
|
male cat [Male]
|
0.994
|
0.596 – 1.652
|
0.983
|
0.984
|
0.588 – 1.638
|
0.951
|
|
race cat simp [White]
|
1.979
|
0.745 – 6.123
|
0.197
|
1.913
|
0.723 – 5.897
|
0.218
|
|
nses z cx
|
1.170
|
0.811 – 1.684
|
0.398
|
1.165
|
0.809 – 1.677
|
0.409
|
death year centered [1st
degree]
|
0.727
|
0.000 – 11858149572.037
|
0.976
|
1.071
|
0.000 – 12882662586.318
|
0.995
|
death year centered [2nd
degree]
|
915.906
|
0.794 – 24905941.913
|
0.122
|
1854.971
|
2.664 – 47256746.839
|
0.080
|
death year centered [3rd
degree]
|
3.156
|
0.000 – 18493809.683
|
0.869
|
7.505
|
0.000 – 38853281.140
|
0.767
|
|
apoe+ APOE e4
|
0.856
|
0.502 – 1.437
|
0.560
|
0.855
|
0.502 – 1.436
|
0.559
|
|
cohort cat [Expansion]
|
0.935
|
0.479 – 1.789
|
0.841
|
0.988
|
0.503 – 1.909
|
0.972
|
|
cohort cat [Replacement]
|
1.178
|
0.522 – 2.635
|
0.690
|
1.218
|
0.538 – 2.733
|
0.634
|
|
education_cat13-16
|
1.170
|
0.621 – 2.249
|
0.632
|
1.194
|
0.635 – 2.293
|
0.587
|
|
education cat [17+]
|
1.363
|
0.667 – 2.820
|
0.399
|
1.451
|
0.709 – 3.010
|
0.312
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST
pm25 iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
0.972
|
0.796 – 1.193
|
0.782
|
|
|
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr
|
|
|
|
0.983
|
0.743 – 1.257
|
0.896
|
exp avgdeath 10 yr ST no2
iqr × arteriolo bi
[Moderate/Severe]
|
|
|
|
0.935
|
0.703 – 1.270
|
0.650
|
|
Observations
|
321
|
321
|
|
R2 Tjur
|
0.108
|
0.109
|
Summarizing All Results
Tables to Summarize Aim 1 and Aim 2 Results
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.046
|
0.885, 1.207
|
1.121
|
0.9, 1.341
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.287
|
1.048, 1.526
|
1.149
|
0.912, 1.387
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.063
|
0.91, 1.217
|
0.832
|
0.693, 0.971
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
1.010
|
0.824, 1.195
|
1.098
|
0.907, 1.289
|
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Outcome
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.994
|
0.884, 1.104
|
0.984
|
0.83, 1.139
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.994
|
0.877, 1.11
|
0.944
|
0.8, 1.089
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
1.048
|
0.938, 1.159
|
0.936
|
0.829, 1.044
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
0.946
|
0.826, 1.065
|
0.945
|
0.829, 1.06
|
Tables to Summarize Aim 3 and Aim 4 Results
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.109
|
0.928, 1.29
|
1.010
|
0.841, 1.18
|
0.911
|
0.816, 1.006
|
|
CVD
|
1.047
|
0.885, 1.209
|
1.047
|
0.85, 1.244
|
1.000
|
0.88, 1.12
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.047
|
0.884, 1.21
|
1.042
|
0.831, 1.253
|
0.995
|
0.843, 1.147
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.061
|
0.893, 1.23
|
1.013
|
0.837, 1.189
|
0.954
|
0.84, 1.068
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.426
|
1.12, 1.733
|
1.199
|
0.963, 1.435
|
0.841
|
0.704, 0.978
|
|
CVD
|
1.268
|
1.027, 1.509
|
1.307
|
0.977, 1.637
|
1.030
|
0.831, 1.23
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.278
|
1.037, 1.518
|
1.376
|
1.01, 1.742
|
1.077
|
0.85, 1.303
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.343
|
1.073, 1.613
|
1.220
|
0.969, 1.47
|
0.908
|
0.757, 1.06
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
1.144
|
0.956, 1.332
|
1.097
|
0.914, 1.28
|
0.959
|
0.851, 1.068
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.095
|
0.882, 1.308
|
1.088
|
0.878, 1.298
|
0.994
|
0.842, 1.145
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.037
|
0.878, 1.196
|
1.106
|
0.936, 1.277
|
1.067
|
0.962, 1.172
|
|
CVD
|
1.047
|
0.893, 1.2
|
1.155
|
0.956, 1.355
|
1.104
|
0.982, 1.226
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.051
|
0.897, 1.204
|
1.125
|
0.915, 1.335
|
1.071
|
0.923, 1.218
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.053
|
0.893, 1.214
|
1.078
|
0.908, 1.248
|
1.023
|
0.912, 1.134
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.929
|
0.729, 1.128
|
1.026
|
0.811, 1.241
|
1.104
|
0.935, 1.274
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.954
|
0.719, 1.188
|
0.927
|
0.715, 1.139
|
0.972
|
0.776, 1.168
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.034
|
0.828, 1.239
|
0.997
|
0.802, 1.192
|
0.965
|
0.831, 1.099
|
|
CVD
|
1.010
|
0.822, 1.199
|
1.014
|
0.788, 1.24
|
1.004
|
0.849, 1.158
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.000
|
0.811, 1.188
|
0.938
|
0.708, 1.168
|
0.938
|
0.762, 1.115
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.042
|
0.839, 1.245
|
0.964
|
0.765, 1.163
|
0.925
|
0.783, 1.068
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Modifier
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
95% CI
|
Ratio
|
95% CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.963
|
0.79, 1.136
|
1.045
|
0.892, 1.197
|
1.085
|
0.841, 1.329
|
|
CVD
|
0.981
|
0.864, 1.099
|
1.060
|
0.792, 1.328
|
1.080
|
0.786, 1.375
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.932
|
0.814, 1.051
|
1.213
|
0.9, 1.525
|
1.300
|
0.936, 1.665
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.041
|
0.902, 1.181
|
0.895
|
0.724, 1.065
|
0.859
|
0.663, 1.055
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.981
|
0.779, 1.183
|
1.009
|
0.866, 1.151
|
1.028
|
0.777, 1.279
|
|
CVD
|
1.048
|
0.909, 1.187
|
0.759
|
0.56, 0.957
|
0.724
|
0.517, 0.931
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.989
|
0.854, 1.124
|
0.991
|
0.778, 1.204
|
1.002
|
0.754, 1.251
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.061
|
0.905, 1.216
|
0.867
|
0.697, 1.037
|
0.818
|
0.621, 1.014
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.917
|
0.737, 1.097
|
1.125
|
0.976, 1.275
|
1.227
|
0.945, 1.509
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.004
|
0.796, 1.212
|
1.115
|
0.962, 1.269
|
1.111
|
0.844, 1.378
|
|
Hypertension
|
0.985
|
0.81, 1.159
|
1.091
|
0.949, 1.232
|
1.108
|
0.871, 1.344
|
|
CVD
|
1.090
|
0.962, 1.218
|
0.891
|
0.688, 1.093
|
0.817
|
0.614, 1.02
|
|
Diabetes
|
1.055
|
0.923, 1.186
|
1.004
|
0.815, 1.193
|
0.952
|
0.742, 1.163
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
1.101
|
0.963, 1.239
|
0.939
|
0.766, 1.113
|
0.853
|
0.667, 1.04
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
0.983
|
0.74, 1.227
|
0.965
|
0.827, 1.103
|
0.981
|
0.707, 1.256
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.983
|
0.729, 1.237
|
0.919
|
0.777, 1.06
|
0.935
|
0.662, 1.207
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.026
|
0.818, 1.234
|
0.921
|
0.776, 1.065
|
0.898
|
0.674, 1.122
|
|
CVD
|
0.951
|
0.819, 1.082
|
0.927
|
0.675, 1.18
|
0.975
|
0.685, 1.265
|
|
Diabetes
|
0.940
|
0.796, 1.084
|
0.881
|
0.682, 1.081
|
0.937
|
0.686, 1.189
|
|
Arrhythmia
|
0.968
|
0.821, 1.115
|
0.900
|
0.705, 1.095
|
0.930
|
0.689, 1.171
|
Bootstrapped Results
Aims 1 and 2
Unstratified Results: PM2.5
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.904
|
0.857, 0.942
|
|
Model 2
|
1.057
|
0.931, 1.297
|
|
Model 3
|
1.053
|
0.93, 1.3
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.986
|
0.934, 1.068
|
|
Model 2
|
1.203
|
1.049, 1.5
|
|
Model 3
|
1.205
|
1.048, 1.513
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.993
|
0.963, 1.044
|
|
Model 2
|
0.945
|
0.843, 1.094
|
|
Model 3
|
0.926
|
0.829, 1.089
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.839
|
0.805, 0.897
|
|
Model 2
|
1.013
|
0.918, 1.236
|
|
Model 3
|
1.015
|
0.91, 1.237
|
Unstratified Results: NO2
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.968
|
0.877, 1.058
|
|
Model 2
|
1.037
|
0.915, 1.163
|
|
Model 3
|
1.042
|
0.919, 1.174
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.925
|
0.859, 1.076
|
|
Model 2
|
0.940
|
0.865, 1.115
|
|
Model 3
|
0.933
|
0.864, 1.109
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.990
|
0.926, 1.11
|
|
Model 2
|
0.964
|
0.874, 1.078
|
|
Model 3
|
0.966
|
0.874, 1.08
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.828
|
0.766, 0.95
|
|
Model 2
|
0.930
|
0.845, 1.035
|
|
Model 3
|
0.927
|
0.839, 1.035
|
PM2.5
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.905
|
0.834, 0.953
|
0.925
|
0.846, 0.984
|
|
Model 2
|
1.046
|
0.812, 1.278
|
1.121
|
0.922, 1.528
|
|
Model 3
|
1.034
|
0.803, 1.295
|
1.136
|
0.92, 1.574
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
1.035
|
0.942, 1.126
|
0.974
|
0.871, 1.079
|
|
Model 2
|
1.287
|
1.105, 1.977
|
1.149
|
0.877, 1.533
|
|
Model 3
|
1.285
|
1.107, 2.052
|
1.190
|
0.902, 1.635
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.010
|
0.957, 1.07
|
0.952
|
0.92, 1.047
|
|
Model 2
|
1.063
|
0.875, 1.302
|
0.832
|
0.711, 1.067
|
|
Model 3
|
1.070
|
0.871, 1.33
|
0.833
|
0.69, 1.061
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.869
|
0.814, 0.942
|
0.812
|
0.756, 0.882
|
|
Model 2
|
1.010
|
0.819, 1.25
|
1.098
|
0.951, 1.511
|
|
Model 3
|
0.999
|
0.804, 1.251
|
1.114
|
0.948, 1.539
|
NO2
|
|
< 90
|
90+
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.974
|
0.833, 1.083
|
0.957
|
0.865, 1.101
|
|
Model 2
|
0.994
|
0.834, 1.154
|
0.984
|
0.86, 1.306
|
|
Model 3
|
0.995
|
0.841, 1.183
|
0.975
|
0.859, 1.304
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Model 1
|
0.990
|
0.851, 1.137
|
0.940
|
0.812, 1.159
|
|
Model 2
|
0.994
|
0.84, 1.184
|
0.944
|
0.791, 1.388
|
|
Model 3
|
0.986
|
0.838, 1.202
|
0.945
|
0.778, 1.349
|
|
Microinfarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
1.069
|
0.885, 1.152
|
0.960
|
0.892, 1.123
|
|
Model 2
|
1.048
|
0.839, 1.156
|
0.936
|
0.839, 1.122
|
|
Model 3
|
1.046
|
0.826, 1.153
|
0.935
|
0.827, 1.124
|
|
Gross Infarcts
|
|
Model 1
|
0.882
|
0.704, 1.007
|
0.825
|
0.723, 0.955
|
|
Model 2
|
0.946
|
0.744, 1.051
|
0.945
|
0.832, 1.108
|
|
Model 3
|
0.936
|
0.752, 1.068
|
0.934
|
0.817, 1.102
|
Aims 3 and 4
PM2.5
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
PM2.5 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.109
|
0.843, 1.321
|
1.010
|
0.777, 1.298
|
0.911
|
0.824, 1.122
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.047
|
0.81, 1.28
|
1.047
|
0.784, 1.343
|
1.000
|
0.875, 1.2
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.047
|
0.813, 1.296
|
1.042
|
0.737, 1.299
|
0.995
|
0.781, 1.194
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.426
|
1.203, 2.177
|
1.199
|
1.005, 1.917
|
0.841
|
0.676, 1.099
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.268
|
1.095, 1.967
|
1.307
|
1.025, 2.265
|
1.030
|
0.797, 1.424
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.278
|
1.105, 1.975
|
1.376
|
1.064, 2.855
|
1.077
|
0.818, 1.697
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.037
|
0.869, 1.304
|
1.106
|
0.89, 1.372
|
1.067
|
0.919, 1.195
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.047
|
0.863, 1.281
|
1.155
|
0.906, 1.466
|
1.104
|
0.947, 1.287
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.051
|
0.863, 1.292
|
1.125
|
0.921, 1.534
|
1.071
|
0.907, 1.344
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
1.144
|
0.946, 1.451
|
1.097
|
0.857, 1.398
|
0.959
|
0.8, 1.102
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.095
|
0.809, 1.449
|
1.088
|
0.857, 1.571
|
0.994
|
0.846, 1.377
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.034
|
0.794, 1.289
|
0.997
|
0.794, 1.265
|
0.965
|
0.829, 1.197
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.010
|
0.815, 1.26
|
1.014
|
0.749, 1.305
|
1.004
|
0.772, 1.224
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.000
|
0.81, 1.271
|
0.938
|
0.686, 1.29
|
0.938
|
0.717, 1.197
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.929
|
0.724, 1.22
|
1.026
|
0.809, 1.34
|
1.104
|
0.906, 1.386
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.954
|
0.667, 1.313
|
0.927
|
0.695, 1.233
|
0.972
|
0.744, 1.3
|
NO2
|
|
Modifier = No
|
Modifier = Yes
|
|
|
Model
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
NO2 Effect Estimate
|
CI
|
Ratio
|
CI
|
|
Outcome = Atherosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.963
|
0.724, 1.236
|
1.045
|
0.866, 1.352
|
1.085
|
0.81, 1.61
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.981
|
0.802, 1.163
|
1.060
|
0.825, 1.655
|
1.080
|
0.826, 1.788
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.932
|
0.767, 1.15
|
1.213
|
0.872, 2.234
|
1.300
|
0.896, 2.364
|
|
Outcome = Arteriolosclerosis
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.981
|
0.727, 1.615
|
1.009
|
0.815, 1.25
|
1.028
|
0.653, 1.557
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.048
|
0.872, 1.277
|
0.759
|
0.588, 1.28
|
0.724
|
0.549, 1.246
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.989
|
0.789, 1.205
|
0.991
|
0.79, 1.871
|
1.002
|
0.779, 2.113
|
|
Outcome = Microinfarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
0.985
|
0.736, 1.277
|
1.091
|
0.815, 1.175
|
1.108
|
0.763, 1.445
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
1.090
|
0.883, 1.261
|
0.891
|
0.598, 1.09
|
0.817
|
0.552, 1.079
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
1.055
|
0.81, 1.19
|
1.004
|
0.669, 1.248
|
0.952
|
0.675, 1.35
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.917
|
0.689, 1.275
|
1.125
|
0.853, 1.244
|
1.227
|
0.846, 1.702
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
1.004
|
0.781, 1.405
|
1.115
|
0.824, 1.254
|
1.111
|
0.751, 1.467
|
|
Outcome = Gross Infarcts
|
|
Modifier: Hypertension
|
1.026
|
0.725, 1.31
|
0.921
|
0.714, 1.087
|
0.898
|
0.67, 1.354
|
|
Modifier: CVD
|
0.951
|
0.725, 1.094
|
0.927
|
0.61, 1.258
|
0.975
|
0.67, 1.51
|
|
Modifier: Diabetes
|
0.940
|
0.69, 1.095
|
0.881
|
0.518, 1.088
|
0.937
|
0.594, 1.375
|
|
Modifier: Atherosclerosis
|
0.983
|
0.628, 1.257
|
0.965
|
0.768, 1.157
|
0.981
|
0.797, 1.738
|
|
Modifier = Arteriolosclerosis
|
0.983
|
0.66, 1.295
|
0.919
|
0.693, 1.096
|
0.935
|
0.636, 1.441
|