library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr 1.1.0 ✔ readr 2.1.4
## ✔ forcats 1.0.0 ✔ stringr 1.5.0
## ✔ ggplot2 3.4.1 ✔ tibble 3.1.8
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.2 ✔ tidyr 1.3.0
## ✔ purrr 1.0.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the ]8;;http://conflicted.r-lib.org/conflicted package]8;; to force all conflicts to become errorsav <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fivethirtyeight/data/master/avengers/avengers.csv", stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
av## URL
## 1 http://marvel.wikia.com/Henry_Pym_(Earth-616)
## 2 http://marvel.wikia.com/Janet_van_Dyne_(Earth-616)
## 3 http://marvel.wikia.com/Anthony_Stark_(Earth-616)
## 4 http://marvel.wikia.com/Robert_Bruce_Banner_(Earth-616)
## 5 http://marvel.wikia.com/Thor_Odinson_(Earth-616)
## 6 http://marvel.wikia.com/Richard_Jones_(Earth-616)
## 7 http://marvel.wikia.com/Steven_Rogers_(Earth-616)
## 8 http://marvel.wikia.com/Clint_Barton_(Earth-616)
## 9 http://marvel.wikia.com/Pietro_Maximoff_(Earth-616)
## 10 http://marvel.wikia.com/Wanda_Maximoff_(Earth-616)
## 11 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jacques_Duquesne_(Earth-616)
## 12 http://marvel.wikia.com/Hercules_(Earth-616)
## 13 http://marvel.wikia.com/T%27Challa_(Earth-616)
## 14 http://marvel.wikia.com/Vision_(Earth-616)
## 15 http://marvel.wikia.com/Dane_Whitman
## 16 http://marvel.wikia.com/Natalia_Romanova_(Earth-616)#
## 17 http://marvel.wikia.com/Mantis_(Earth-616)#
## 18 http://marvel.wikia.com/Henry_McCoy_(Earth-616)#
## 19 http://marvel.wikia.com/Heather_Douglas_(Earth-616)#
## 20 http://marvel.wikia.com/Patricia_Walker_(Earth-616)#
## 21 http://marvel.wikia.com/Matthew_Hawk_(Earth-616)#
## 22 http://marvel.wikia.com/Robert_Frank_(Earth-616)#
## 23 http://marvel.wikia.com/Simon_Williams_(Earth-616)#
## 24 http://marvel.wikia.com/Yondu_Udonta_(Earth-691)#
## 25 http://marvel.wikia.com/Martinex_T%27Naga_(Earth-691)#
## 26 http://marvel.wikia.com/Charlie-27_(Earth-691)#
## 27 http://marvel.wikia.com/Nicholette_Gold_(Earth-691)#
## 28 http://marvel.wikia.com/Stakar_Ogord_(Earth-691)#
## 29 http://marvel.wikia.com/Vance_Astro_(Earth-691)#
## 30 http://marvel.wikia.com/Mar-Vell_(Earth-616)#
## 31 http://marvel.wikia.com/Carol_Danvers_(Earth-616)#
## 32 http://marvel.wikia.com/Samuel_Wilson_(Earth-616)#
## 33 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jocasta_(Earth-616)#
## 34 http://marvel.wikia.com/Greer_Nelson_(Earth-616)#
## 35 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jennifer_Walters_(Earth-616)#
## 36 http://marvel.wikia.com/Monica_Rambeau_(Earth-616)#
## 37 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eros_(Earth-616)#
## 38 http://marvel.wikia.com/James_Rhodes_(Earth-616)#
## 39 http://marvel.wikia.com/Barbara_Morse_(Earth-616)#
## 40 http://marvel.wikia.com/Moira_Brandon_(Earth-616)#
## 41 http://marvel.wikia.com/Benjamin_Grimm_(Earth-616)#
## 42 http://marvel.wikia.com/Bonita_Juarez_(Earth-616)#
## 43 http://marvel.wikia.com/Marc_Spector_(Earth-616)#
## 44 http://marvel.wikia.com/John_Walker_(Earth-616)#
## 45 http://marvel.wikia.com/Human_Torch_(Android)_(Earth-616)#
## 46 http://marvel.wikia.com/Miguel_Santos_(Earth-616)#
## 47 http://marvel.wikia.com/Julia_Carpenter_(Earth-616)#
## 48 http://marvel.wikia.com/2ZP45-9-X-51_(Earth-616)#
## 49 http://marvel.wikia.com/Chris_Powell_(Earth-616)#
## 50 http://marvel.wikia.com/Namor_McKenzie_(Earth-616)#
## 51 http://marvel.wikia.com/Scott_Lang_(Earth-616)#
## 52 http://marvel.wikia.com/Anthony_Druid_(Earth-616)#
## 53 http://marvel.wikia.com/Marrina_Smallwood_(Earth-616)#
## 54 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ravonna_Renslayer_(Earth-6311)#
## 55 http://marvel.wikia.com/Rita_DeMara_(Earth-616)#
## 56 http://marvel.wikia.com/Dennis_Dunphy_(Earth-616)#
## 57 http://marvel.wikia.com/Gilgamesh_(Earth-616)#
## 58 http://marvel.wikia.com/Reed_Richards_(Earth-616)#
## 59 http://marvel.wikia.com/Susan_Storm_(Earth-616)#
## 60 http://marvel.wikia.com/Wendell_Vaughn_(Earth-616)#
## 61 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ashley_Crawford_(Earth-616)#
## 62 http://marvel.wikia.com/Dinah_Soar_(Earth-616)#
## 63 http://marvel.wikia.com/DeMarr_Davis_(Earth-616)#
## 64 http://marvel.wikia.com/Val_Ventura_(Earth-616)#
## 65 http://marvel.wikia.com/Craig_Hollis_(Earth-616)#
## 66 http://marvel.wikia.com/Gene_Lorrene_(Earth-616)#
## 67 http://marvel.wikia.com/Doreen_Green_(Earth-616)#
## 68 http://marvel.wikia.com/Monkey_Joe_(Earth-616)#
## 69 http://marvel.wikia.com/Doug_Taggert_(Earth-616)#
## 70 http://marvel.wikia.com/Tippy-Toe_(Earth-616)#
## 71 http://marvel.wikia.com/Wade_Wilson_(Earth-616)#
## 72 http://marvel.wikia.com/Greg_Willis_(Earth-616)#
## 73 http://marvel.wikia.com/Sersi_(Earth-616)#
## 74 http://marvel.wikia.com/Peter_Parker_(Earth-616)#
## 75 http://marvel.wikia.com/Walter_Newell_(Earth-616)#
## 76 http://marvel.wikia.com/Elvin_Haliday_(Earth-616)#
## 77 http://marvel.wikia.com/William_Baker_(Earth-616)#
## 78 http://marvel.wikia.com/Crystalia_Amaquelin_(Earth-616)#
## 79 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eric_Masterson_(Earth-616)#
## 80 http://marvel.wikia.com/Philip_Javert_(Earth-921)#
## 81 http://marvel.wikia.com/Melissa_Darrow_(Earth-9201)#
## 82 http://marvel.wikia.com/Deathcry_(Earth-616)#
## 83 http://marvel.wikia.com/Anthony_Stark_(Earth-96020)#
## 84 http://marvel.wikia.com/Giuletta_Nefaria_(Masque)_(Earth-616)#
## 85 http://marvel.wikia.com/Vance_Astrovik_(Earth-616)#
## 86 http://marvel.wikia.com/Angelica_Jones_(Earth-616)#
## 87 http://marvel.wikia.com/Delroy_Garrett_Jr._(Earth-616)#
## 88 http://marvel.wikia.com/Maria_de_Guadalupe_Santiago_(Earth-616)#
## 89 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jonathan_Hart_(Earth-616)#
## 90 http://marvel.wikia.com/Kelsey_Leigh_(Earth-616)#
## 91 http://marvel.wikia.com/Luke_Cage_(Earth-616)#
## 92 http://marvel.wikia.com/Veranke_(Earth-616)#
## 93 http://marvel.wikia.com/James_Howlett_(Earth-616)#
## 94 http://marvel.wikia.com/Robert_Reynolds_(Earth-616)#
## 95 http://marvel.wikia.com/Maya_Lopez_(Earth-616)#
## 96 http://marvel.wikia.com/Nathaniel_Richards_(Iron_Lad)_(Earth-6311)#
## 97 http://marvel.wikia.com/Elijah_Bradley_(Earth-616)#
## 98 http://marvel.wikia.com/William_Kaplan_(Earth-616)#
## 99 http://marvel.wikia.com/Dorrek_VIII_(Earth-616)#
## 100 http://marvel.wikia.com/Cassandra_Lang_(Earth-616)#
## 101 http://marvel.wikia.com/Katherine_Bishop_(Earth-616)#
## 102 http://marvel.wikia.com/Vision_(Jonas)_(Earth-616)#
## 103 http://marvel.wikia.com/Thomas_Shepherd_(Earth-616)#
## 104 http://marvel.wikia.com/Daniel_Rand_(Earth-616)#
## 105 http://marvel.wikia.com/Stephen_Strange_(Earth-616)#
## 106 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ares_(Earth-616)#
## 107 http://marvel.wikia.com/James_Buchanan_Barnes_(Earth-616)#
## 108 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jessica_Drew_(Earth-616)#
## 109 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jessica_Jones_(Earth-616)#
## 110 http://marvel.wikia.com/Amadeus_Cho_(Earth-616)#
## 111 http://marvel.wikia.com/Maria_Hill_(Earth-616)#
## 112 http://marvel.wikia.com/Robert_Baldwin_(Earth-616)#
## 113 http://marvel.wikia.com/Sharon_Carter_(Earth-616)#
## 114 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eric_O%27Grady_(Earth-616)#
## 115 http://marvel.wikia.com/Brunnhilde_(Earth-616)#
## 116 http://marvel.wikia.com/Richard_Rider_(Earth-616)#
## 117 http://marvel.wikia.com/Brian_Braddock_(Earth-616)#
## 118 http://marvel.wikia.com/Dennis_Sykes_(Earth-616)#
## 119 http://marvel.wikia.com/Noh-Varr_(Earth-616)#
## 120 http://marvel.wikia.com/Thaddeus_Ross_(Earth-616)#
## 121 http://marvel.wikia.com/John_Aman_(Earth-616)#
## 122 http://marvel.wikia.com/Shang-Chi_(Earth-616)#
## 123 http://marvel.wikia.com/James_Santini_(Earth-616)#
## 124 http://marvel.wikia.com/Emery_Schaub_(Earth-616)#
## 125 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jeanne_Foucault_(Earth-616)#
## 126 http://marvel.wikia.com/Fiona_(Inhuman)_(Earth-616)#
## 127 http://marvel.wikia.com/Jennifer_Takeda_(Earth-616)#
## 128 http://marvel.wikia.com/Hollow_(Earth-616)#
## 129 http://marvel.wikia.com/Julie_Power_(Earth-616)#
## 130 http://marvel.wikia.com/Alani_Ryan_(Earth-616)#
## 131 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ken_Mack_(Earth-616)#
## 132 http://marvel.wikia.com/Humberto_Lopez_(Earth-616)#
## 133 http://marvel.wikia.com/Johnathon_Gallo_(Earth-616)#
## 134 http://marvel.wikia.com/Lyra_(Earth-8009)#
## 135 http://marvel.wikia.com/Anya_Corazon_(Earth-616)#
## 136 http://marvel.wikia.com/Brandon_Sharpe_(Earth-616)#
## 137 http://marvel.wikia.com/Kevin_Masterson_(Earth-616)#
## 138 http://marvel.wikia.com/Michiko_Musashi_(Earth-616)#
## 139 http://marvel.wikia.com/Takashi_Matsuya_(Earth-616)#
## 140 http://marvel.wikia.com/Daisy_Johnson_(Earth-616)#
## 141 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ororo_Munroe_(Earth-616)#
## 142 http://marvel.wikia.com/Matthew_Murdock_(Earth-616)#
## 143 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eugene_Thompson_(Earth-616)#
## 144 http://marvel.wikia.com/Otto_Octavius_(Earth-616)#
## 145 http://marvel.wikia.com/Alexander_Summers_(Earth-616)#
## 146 http://marvel.wikia.com/Samuel_Guthrie_(Earth-616)#
## 147 http://marvel.wikia.com/Roberto_da_Costa_(Earth-616)#
## 148 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eden_Fesi_(Earth-616)#
## 149 http://marvel.wikia.com/Captain_Universe_(Earth-616)#
## 150 http://marvel.wikia.com/Isabel_Kane_(Earth-616)#
## 151 http://marvel.wikia.com/Marcus_Milton_(Earth-13034)#
## 152 http://marvel.wikia.com/Rogue_(Anna_Marie)_(Earth-616)#
## 153 http://marvel.wikia.com/Shiro_Yoshida_(Earth-616)#
## 154 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ex_Nihilo_(Earth-616)#
## 155 http://marvel.wikia.com/Abyss_(Ex_Nihilo%27s)_(Earth-616)#
## 156 http://marvel.wikia.com/Nightmask_(Earth-616)#
## 157 http://marvel.wikia.com/Kevin_Connor_(Earth-616)#
## 158 http://marvel.wikia.com/Sam_Alexander_(Earth-616)#
## 159 http://marvel.wikia.com/America_Chavez_(Earth-616)#
## 160 http://marvel.wikia.com/Loki_Laufeyson_(Ikol)_(Earth-616)#
## 161 http://marvel.wikia.com/David_Alleyne_(Earth-616)#
## 162 http://marvel.wikia.com/Nicholas_Fury,_Jr._(Earth-616)#
## 163 http://marvel.wikia.com/Phillip_Coulson_(Earth-616)#
## 164 http://marvel.wikia.com/Tony_Masters_(Earth-616)#
## 165 http://marvel.wikia.com/Victor_Mancha_(Earth-616)#
## 166 http://marvel.wikia.com/Monica_Chang_(Earth-616)#
## 167 http://marvel.wikia.com/Doombot_(Avenger)_(Earth-616)#
## 168 http://marvel.wikia.com/Alexis_(Earth-616)#
## 169 http://marvel.wikia.com/Eric_Brooks_(Earth-616)#
## 170 http://marvel.wikia.com/Adam_Brashear_(Earth-616)#
## 171 http://marvel.wikia.com/Victor_Alvarez_(Earth-616)#
## 172 http://marvel.wikia.com/Ava_Ayala_(Earth-616)#
## 173 http://marvel.wikia.com/Kaluu_(Earth-616)#
## Name.Alias Appearances Current. Gender
## 1 Henry Jonathan "Hank" Pym 1269 YES MALE
## 2 Janet van Dyne 1165 YES FEMALE
## 3 Anthony Edward "Tony" Stark 3068 YES MALE
## 4 Robert Bruce Banner 2089 YES MALE
## 5 Thor Odinson 2402 YES MALE
## 6 Richard Milhouse Jones 612 YES MALE
## 7 Steven Rogers 3458 YES MALE
## 8 Clinton Francis Barton 1456 YES MALE
## 9 Pietro Maximoff 769 YES MALE
## 10 Wanda Maximoff 1214 YES FEMALE
## 11 Jacques Duquesne 115 NO MALE
## 12 Heracles 741 YES MALE
## 13 T'Challa 780 NO MALE
## 14 Victor Shade (alias) 1036 YES MALE
## 15 Dane Whitman 482 NO MALE
## 16 Natalia Alianovna Romanova 1112 YES FEMALE
## 17 Brandt 160 NO FEMALE
## 18 Henry P. McCoy 1886 NO MALE
## 19 Heather Douglas 332 NO FEMALE
## 20 Patsy Walker 557 NO FEMALE
## 21 Matthew Liebowitz (birth name) 197 NO MALE
## 22 Robert L. Frank Sr. 106 NO MALE
## 23 Simon Williams 692 YES MALE
## 24 Yondu Udonta 109 NO MALE
## 25 Martinex T'Naga 100 NO MALE
## 26 Charlie-27 132 NO MALE
## 27 Nicholette Gold 108 NO FEMALE
## 28 Stakar 100 NO MALE
## 29 Vance Astrovik 156 NO MALE
## 30 Mar-Vell 254 NO MALE
## 31 Carol Susan Jane Danvers 935 YES FEMALE
## 32 Samuel Thomas Wilson 576 YES MALE
## 33 Jocasta 141 YES FEMALE
## 34 Greer Grant Nelson 355 YES FEMALE
## 35 Jennifer Walters 933 YES FEMALE
## 36 Monica Rambeau 348 YES FEMALE
## 37 Eros 206 NO MALE
## 38 James R. Rhodes 533 NO MALE
## 39 Barbara Barton (nee Morse) 374 NO FEMALE
## 40 Moira Brandon 2 NO FEMALE
## 41 Benjamin Jacob Grimm 2305 NO MALE
## 42 Bonita Juarez 83 NO FEMALE
## 43 Marc Spector 402 NO MALE
## 44 John F. Walker 352 NO MALE
## 45 Jim Hammond (alias) 565 NO MALE
## 46 Miguel Santos 112 NO MALE
## 47 Julia Carpenter 218 NO FEMALE
## 48 X-51 149 NO MALE
## 49 Christopher Powell 168 NO MALE
## 50 Namor McKenzie 1561 NO MALE
## 51 Scott Edward Harris Lang 217 NO MALE
## 52 Anthony Ludgate Druid 158 NO MALE
## 53 Marrina Smallwood 86 NO FEMALE
## 54 Ravonna Lexus Renslayer 41 NO FEMALE
## 55 Rita DeMara 68 NO FEMALE
## 56 Dennis Dunphy 70 NO MALE
## 57 61 NO MALE
## 58 Reed Richards 2125 YES MALE
## 59 Susan Richards (nee Storm) 1761 NO MALE
## 60 Wendell Elvis Vaughn 293 NO MALE
## 61 Ashley Crawford 36 YES FEMALE
## 62 22 NO FEMALE
## 63 DeMarr Davis 31 YES MALE
## 64 Val Ventura 34 YES MALE
## 65 Craig Hollis 33 YES MALE
## 66 Gene Lorrene 4 NO MALE
## 67 Dorreen Green 47 NO FEMALE
## 68 7 NO MALE
## 69 Doug Taggert 3 NO MALE
## 70 16 NO FEMALE
## 71 Wade Wilson 575 NO MALE
## 72 Greg Willis 58 NO MALE
## 73 Circe 237 NO FEMALE
## 74 Peter Benjamin Parker 4333 YES MALE
## 75 Walter Newell 126 NO MALE
## 76 Elvin Haliday 158 NO MALE
## 77 William Baker 355 NO MALE
## 78 Crystal Amaquelin Maximoff 517 NO FEMALE
## 79 Eric Kevin Masterson 202 NO MALE
## 80 Phillip Javert 31 NO MALE
## 81 28 NO FEMALE
## 82 50 NO FEMALE
## 83 Anthony Edward Stark 27 NO MALE
## 84 "Giulietta Nefaria" 18 NO FEMALE
## 85 Vance Astrovik 302 NO MALE
## 86 Angelica Jones 330 NO FEMALE
## 87 Delroy Garrett Jr. 101 NO MALE
## 88 Maria de Guadalupe Santiago 43 NO FEMALE
## 89 Jonathan Hart 126 NO MALE
## 90 Kelsey Leigh Shorr 24 NO FEMALE
## 91 Carl Lucas 886 YES MALE
## 92 Veranke 159 NO FEMALE
## 93 James "Logan" Howlett 3130 YES MALE
## 94 Robert Reynolds 241 NO MALE
## 95 Maya Lopez 67 NO FEMALE
## 96 Nathaniel Richards 23 NO MALE
## 97 Elijah Bradley 103 NO MALE
## 98 William "Billy" Kaplan 123 YES MALE
## 99 Dorrek VIII/Theodore "Teddy" Altman 110 YES MALE
## 100 Cassie Lang 160 NO FEMALE
## 101 Katherine "Kate" Bishop 132 YES FEMALE
## 102 Alias: Jonas 121 NO MALE
## 103 Thomas "Tommy" Shepherd 59 YES MALE
## 104 Daniel Thomas Rand K'ai 629 NO MALE
## 105 Doctor Stephen Vincent Strange 1324 NO MALE
## 106 Ares 236 NO MALE
## 107 James Buchanan Barnes 663 NO MALE
## 108 Jessica Miriam Drew 525 YES FEMALE
## 109 Jessica Jones 205 YES FEMALE
## 110 Amadeus Cho 108 NO MALE
## 111 Maria Hill 359 YES FEMALE
## 112 Robbie Baldwin 299 NO MALE
## 113 Sharon Carter 333 NO FEMALE
## 114 Eric O'Grady 88 NO MALE
## 115 Brunnhilde 369 NO FEMALE
## 116 Richard Rider 380 NO MALE
## 117 Brian Braddock 545 NO MALE
## 118 Dennis Sykes 6 NO MALE
## 119 Noh-Varr 126 YES MALE
## 120 Thaddeus Ross 417 NO MALE
## 121 John Aman 31 YES MALE
## 122 Shang-Chi 310 YES MALE
## 123 James Santini 40 YES MALE
## 124 Emery Schaub 26 YES MALE
## 125 Jeanne Foucault 63 YES FEMALE
## 126 Fiona 2 YES FEMALE
## 127 Jennifer Takeda 73 YES FEMALE
## 128 Yvette 22 YES FEMALE
## 129 Julie Power 153 YES FEMALE
## 130 Alani Ryan 73 YES FEMALE
## 131 Ken Mack 59 NO MALE
## 132 Humberto Lopez 66 YES MALE
## 133 Johnny Gallo 43 YES MALE
## 134 Lyra 55 YES FEMALE
## 135 Anya Corazon 108 YES FEMALE
## 136 Brandon Sharpe 64 YES MALE
## 137 Kevin Masterson 62 YES MALE
## 138 Michiko Musashi 94 YES FEMALE
## 139 Taki Matsuya 18 YES MALE
## 140 Daisy Johnson 81 NO FEMALE
## 141 Ororo Munroe 1598 NO FEMALE
## 142 Matt Murdock 1375 NO MALE
## 143 Flash Thompson 746 YES MALE
## 144 Otto Octavius 561 NO MALE
## 145 Alex Summers 592 YES MALE
## 146 Samuel Guthrie 679 YES MALE
## 147 Roberto da Costa 491 YES MALE
## 148 Eden Fesi 65 YES MALE
## 149 55 YES MALE
## 150 Izzy Kane 44 YES FEMALE
## 151 Marcus Milton 65 YES MALE
## 152 Anna Marie 877 YES FEMALE
## 153 Shiro Yoshida 176 YES MALE
## 154 24 YES MALE
## 155 25 YES FEMALE
## 156 Adam 35 YES MALE
## 157 Kevin Kale Connor 44 YES MALE
## 158 Sam Alexander 78 YES MALE
## 159 America Chavez 22 YES FEMALE
## 160 Loki Laufeyson 77 NO MALE
## 161 David Alleyne 115 YES MALE
## 162 Nicholas Fury, Jr., Marcus Johnson 77 YES MALE
## 163 Phillip Coulson 69 YES MALE
## 164 Tony Masters 173 NO MALE
## 165 Victor Mancha 75 YES MALE
## 166 Monica Chang 12 YES FEMALE
## 167 14 YES MALE
## 168 Alexis 13 YES FEMALE
## 169 Eric Brooks 198 YES MALE
## 170 Adam Brashear 29 YES MALE
## 171 Victor Alvarez 45 YES MALE
## 172 Ava Ayala 49 YES FEMALE
## 173 Kaluu 35 YES MALE
## Probationary.Introl Full.Reserve.Avengers.Intro Year Years.since.joining
## 1 Sep-63 1963 52
## 2 Sep-63 1963 52
## 3 Sep-63 1963 52
## 4 Sep-63 1963 52
## 5 Sep-63 1963 52
## 6 Sep-63 1963 52
## 7 Mar-64 1964 51
## 8 May-65 1965 50
## 9 May-65 1965 50
## 10 May-65 1965 50
## 11 Sep-65 1965 50
## 12 Oct-67 1967 48
## 13 May-68 1968 47
## 14 Nov-68 1968 47
## 15 Dec-69 1969 46
## 16 May-73 1973 42
## 17 Aug-73 1973 42
## 18 Jul-75 Sep-76 1976 39
## 19 Jul-75 Sep-76 1976 39
## 20 Nov-75 Sep-76 1976 39
## 21 Aug-75 1975 40
## 22 Apr-77 Jul-78 1978 37
## 23 Apr-77 Mar-79 1979 36
## 24 Feb-78 1978 37
## 25 Feb-78 1978 37
## 26 Feb-78 1978 37
## 27 Feb-78 1978 37
## 28 Feb-78 1978 37
## 29 Feb-78 1978 37
## 30 Jul-78 1978 37
## 31 Apr-79 1979 36
## 32 Jun-79 1979 36
## 33 Jul-80 Nov-88 1988 27
## 34 Sep-81 1981 34
## 35 Jul-82 1982 33
## 36 Jan-83 May-83 1983 32
## 37 Jun-83 May-84 1984 31
## 38 May-84 Sep-84 1984 31
## 39 Jun-84 Sep-84 1984 31
## 40 Nov-93 1993 22
## 41 Jun-86 1986 29
## 42 Sep-87 1987 28
## 43 Sep-87 Jun-88 1988 27
## 44 May-89 1989 26
## 45 Nov-89 1989 26
## 46 Apr-91 1991 24
## 47 Sep-92 1992 23
## 48 Jun-92 1992 23
## 49 May-93 1993 22
## 50 Dec-85 1985 30
## 51 Jan-87 3-Feb 2003 12
## 52 Apr-87 1987 28
## 53 Dec-87 1987 28
## 54 May-88 1988 27
## 55 Nov-88 1988 27
## 56 Jan-88 1988 27
## 57 Feb-89 1989 26
## 58 Feb-89 1989 26
## 59 Feb-89 1989 26
## 60 Oct-89 1989 26
## 61 Jul-89 1989 26
## 62 Jul-89 1989 26
## 63 Jul-89 1989 26
## 64 Jul-89 1989 26
## 65 Jul-89 1989 26
## 66 5-Apr 2005 10
## 67 5-May 2005 10
## 68 5-May 2005 10
## 69 5-May 2005 10
## 70 5-Jul 2005 10
## 71 7-Sep 2007 8
## 72 9-Aug 2009 6
## 73 Feb-90 1990 25
## 74 Apr-90 1990 25
## 75 Jul-90 1990 25
## 76 Feb-91 1900 115
## 77 Feb-91 1900 115
## 78 Aug-91 Jan-92 1992 23
## 79 Jan-92 1992 23
## 80 Dec-92 1992 23
## 81 Jun-93 1993 22
## 82 Jul-93 1993 22
## 83 Feb-96 1996 19
## 84 Apr-96 1996 19
## 85 May-98 1998 17
## 86 May-98 1998 17
## 87 Apr-00 2000 15
## 88 Jul-00 2000 15
## 89 1-Aug 2001 14
## 90 4-Jun 2004 11
## 91 5-Mar 2005 10
## 92 5-Mar 2005 10
## 93 5-Jun 2005 10
## 94 5-Oct 2005 10
## 95 5-Nov 2005 10
## 96 5-Apr 2005 10
## 97 5-Apr 2005 10
## 98 5-Apr 2005 10
## 99 5-Apr 2005 10
## 100 5-Jun 2005 10
## 101 5-Jun 2005 10
## 102 6-Feb 2006 9
## 103 6-Jun 2006 9
## 104 7-Feb 2007 8
## 105 7-Feb 2007 8
## 106 7-Mar 2007 8
## 107 8-Dec 2008 7
## 108 8-Dec 2008 7
## 109 10-Aug 2010 5
## 110 9-Dec 2009 6
## 111 10-May 2010 5
## 112 10-Jun 2010 5
## 113 10-May 2010 5
## 114 10-May 2010 5
## 115 10-May 2010 5
## 116 10-May 2010 5
## 117 10-May 2010 5
## 118 10-Sep 2010 5
## 119 10-Jun 2010 5
## 120 11-Jun 2011 4
## 121 10-Dec 2010 5
## 122 11-Apr 2011 4
## 123 1900 115
## 124 1900 115
## 125 10-Aug 2010 5
## 126 1900 115
## 127 10-Aug 2010 5
## 128 1900 115
## 129 1900 115
## 130 1900 115
## 131 10-Aug 2010 5
## 132 10-Aug 2010 5
## 133 1900 115
## 134 1900 115
## 135 1900 115
## 136 10-Aug 2010 5
## 137 1900 115
## 138 1900 115
## 139 1900 115
## 140 12-Jan 2012 3
## 141 12-Jan 2012 3
## 142 11-Nov 2011 4
## 143 12-Apr 2012 3
## 144 13-Jan 2013 2
## 145 12-Dec 2012 3
## 146 13-Feb 2013 2
## 147 13-Feb 2013 2
## 148 13-Feb 2013 2
## 149 13-Feb 2013 2
## 150 13-Feb 2013 2
## 151 13-Feb 2013 2
## 152 13-Apr 2013 2
## 153 13-May 2013 2
## 154 13-Oct 2013 2
## 155 13-Oct 2013 2
## 156 13-Oct 2013 2
## 157 13-Oct 2013 2
## 158 15-Feb 2015 0
## 159 13-Jul 2013 2
## 160 13-Jul 2013 2
## 161 13-Sep 2013 2
## 162 13-Apr 2013 2
## 163 13-Apr 2013 2
## 164 13-May 2013 2
## 165 13-Sep 2013 2
## 166 13-Sep 2013 2
## 167 13-Sep 2013 2
## 168 13-Nov 2013 2
## 169 13-Nov 2013 2
## 170 14-Jan 2014 1
## 171 14-Jan 2014 1
## 172 14-Jan 2014 1
## 173 15-Jan 2015 0
## Honorary Death1 Return1 Death2 Return2 Death3 Return3 Death4 Return4
## 1 Full YES NO
## 2 Full YES YES
## 3 Full YES YES
## 4 Full YES YES
## 5 Full YES YES YES NO
## 6 Honorary NO
## 7 Full YES YES
## 8 Full YES YES YES YES
## 9 Full YES YES
## 10 Full YES YES
## 11 Full YES YES
## 12 Full NO
## 13 Full NO
## 14 Full YES YES
## 15 Full NO
## 16 Full YES YES
## 17 Full YES YES
## 18 Full NO
## 19 Full YES YES YES YES
## 20 Full YES YES
## 21 Full YES YES YES NO
## 22 Full YES NO
## 23 Full YES YES
## 24 Honorary NO
## 25 Honorary NO
## 26 Honorary NO
## 27 Honorary NO
## 28 Honorary NO
## 29 Honorary NO
## 30 Full YES YES YES YES YES NO
## 31 Full NO
## 32 Full NO
## 33 Full YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
## 34 Full NO
## 35 Full YES YES
## 36 Full NO
## 37 Full NO
## 38 Full NO
## 39 Full YES YES
## 40 Honorary YES NO
## 41 Full YES YES
## 42 Full NO
## 43 Full NO
## 44 Full NO
## 45 Full YES YES
## 46 Full NO
## 47 Full NO
## 48 Full YES YES
## 49 Full NO
## 50 Full YES YES
## 51 Full YES YES
## 52 Honorary YES YES YES YES
## 53 Full YES YES YES YES
## 54 Full YES YES YES NO
## 55 Honorary YES YES
## 56 Full YES YES YES NO
## 57 Full YES YES
## 58 Full NO
## 59 Full NO
## 60 Full YES YES
## 61 Full NO
## 62 Full YES NO
## 63 Full YES YES
## 64 Full NO
## 65 Full NO
## 66 Full NO
## 67 Full NO
## 68 Full YES NO
## 69 Full YES NO
## 70 Full NO
## 71 Full YES NO
## 72 Full NO
## 73 Full NO
## 74 Full YES YES YES YES
## 75 Full NO
## 76 Probationary NO
## 77 Probationary YES YES NO
## 78 Full NO
## 79 Full YES YES YES NO
## 80 Honorary NO
## 81 Honorary NO
## 82 Honorary YES YES YES NO
## 83 Full YES NO
## 84 Honorary YES NO
## 85 Full NO
## 86 Full NO
## 87 Full NO
## 88 Full NO
## 89 Full YES YES YES YES
## 90 Full NO
## 91 Full NO
## 92 Full YES NO
## 93 Full YES NO
## 94 Full YES YES
## 95 Full YES YES YES NO
## 96 Full NO
## 97 Full NO
## 98 Full NO
## 99 Full NO
## 100 Full YES YES
## 101 Full NO
## 102 Full YES NO
## 103 Full NO
## 104 Full NO
## 105 Full NO
## 106 Full YES YES YES NO
## 107 Full NO
## 108 Full NO
## 109 Full NO
## 110 Full NO
## 111 Full NO
## 112 Full NO
## 113 Full YES YES
## 114 Full YES NO
## 115 Full NO
## 116 Full YES NO
## 117 Full NO
## 118 Full YES NO
## 119 Full NO
## 120 Full YES YES
## 121 Full NO
## 122 Full NO
## 123 Academy NO
## 124 Academy NO
## 125 Academy NO
## 126 Academy NO
## 127 Academy NO
## 128 Academy NO
## 129 Academy NO
## 130 Academy NO
## 131 Academy YES NO
## 132 Academy YES NO
## 133 Academy NO
## 134 Academy NO
## 135 Academy NO
## 136 Academy NO
## 137 Academy NO
## 138 Academy NO
## 139 Academy NO
## 140 Full NO
## 141 Full NO
## 142 Full NO
## 143 Honorary NO
## 144 Full YES NO
## 145 Full NO
## 146 Full NO
## 147 Full NO
## 148 Full NO
## 149 Full NO
## 150 Full NO
## 151 Full YES NO
## 152 Full NO
## 153 Full YES YES
## 154 Full YES NO
## 155 Full YES NO
## 156 Full YES NO
## 157 Full YES NO
## 158 Honorary NO
## 159 Full NO
## 160 Full NO
## 161 Full NO
## 162 Full NO
## 163 Full NO
## 164 Full NO
## 165 Full YES YES
## 166 Full NO
## 167 Full NO
## 168 Full NO
## 169 Full NO
## 170 Full NO
## 171 Full NO
## 172 Full NO
## 173 Full NO
## Death5 Return5
## 1
## 2
## 3
## 4
## 5
## 6
## 7
## 8
## 9
## 10
## 11
## 12
## 13
## 14
## 15
## 16
## 17
## 18
## 19
## 20
## 21
## 22
## 23
## 24
## 25
## 26
## 27
## 28
## 29
## 30
## 31
## 32
## 33 YES YES
## 34
## 35
## 36
## 37
## 38
## 39
## 40
## 41
## 42
## 43
## 44
## 45
## 46
## 47
## 48
## 49
## 50
## 51
## 52
## 53
## 54
## 55
## 56
## 57
## 58
## 59
## 60
## 61
## 62
## 63
## 64
## 65
## 66
## 67
## 68
## 69
## 70
## 71
## 72
## 73
## 74
## 75
## 76
## 77
## 78
## 79
## 80
## 81
## 82
## 83
## 84
## 85
## 86
## 87
## 88
## 89
## 90
## 91
## 92
## 93
## 94
## 95
## 96
## 97
## 98
## 99
## 100
## 101
## 102
## 103
## 104
## 105
## 106
## 107
## 108
## 109
## 110
## 111
## 112
## 113
## 114
## 115
## 116
## 117
## 118
## 119
## 120
## 121
## 122
## 123
## 124
## 125
## 126
## 127
## 128
## 129
## 130
## 131
## 132
## 133
## 134
## 135
## 136
## 137
## 138
## 139
## 140
## 141
## 142
## 143
## 144
## 145
## 146
## 147
## 148
## 149
## 150
## 151
## 152
## 153
## 154
## 155
## 156
## 157
## 158
## 159
## 160
## 161
## 162
## 163
## 164
## 165
## 166
## 167
## 168
## 169
## 170
## 171
## 172
## 173
## Notes
## 1 Merged with Ultron in Rage of Ultron Vol. 1. A funeral was held.
## 2 Dies in Secret Invasion V1:I8. Actually was sent tto Microverse later recovered
## 3 Death: "Later while under the influence of Immortus Stark committed a number of horrible acts and was killed.' This set up young Tony. Franklin Richards later brought him back
## 4 Dies in Ghosts of the Future arc. However "he had actually used a hidden Pantheon base to survive"
## 5 Dies in Fear Itself brought back because that's kind of the whole point. Second death in Time Runs Out has not yet returned
## 6 <NA>
## 7 Dies at the end of Civil War. Later comes back.
## 8 Dies in exploding Kree ship in Averngers Vol. 1 Issue 502. Brought back by Scarlet Witch. Dies again in House of M Vol 1 Issue 7. Is later brought back.
## 9 Dies in House of M Vol 1 Issue 7. Later comes back
## 10 Dies in Uncanny_Avengers_Vol_1_14. Later comes back
## 11 Dies in Avengers_Vol_1_130. Brought back by the Chaos King
## 12 <NA>
## 13 <NA>
## 14 Dies in Avengers_Vol_1_500. Is eventually rebuilt.
## 15 <NA>
## 16 Killed by The Hand. Later revived with The Stone of the Chaste.
## 17 Dies in Silver_Surfer_Vol_3_3. Actually "fragments of her essence were spread out all across the universe"
## 18 <NA>
## 19 Dies in Defenders_Vol_1_152. Later 'Obtained a new body.' Dies in Annihilation:_Conquest_Vol_1_3. Comes back as "As before" also was once named Madame MacEvil because LOL.
## 20 Died during time on Defenders. Eventually ressurected by villian Grim Reaper along with Mockingbird to fight the Avengers.
## 21 Died during Return_to_the_Old_West. Resurrected by She Hulk in negotiation with Time Variance Authority. As a time traveller he died in 1938. Did not return
## 22 Died in Vision_and_the_Scarlet_Witch_Vol_1_2. Did not return however he was eventually cloned but the clone was killed immediately.
## 23 Died in Avengers_Vol_1_9. Actually just in a death-like coma.
## 24 <NA>
## 25 <NA>
## 26 <NA>
## 27 <NA>
## 28 <NA>
## 29 <NA>
## 30 The bad penny of the Marvel universe. First killed in Secret invasion. Revived during the Chaos war. Died again during aformentioned chaos war. Resurrected by the Kree Empire using the\xe6M'Kraan Crystal. Third death during Avengers vs. X-Men. Has not return
## 31 <NA>
## 32 <NA>
## 33 From her article: Death1: "Defeated Ultron and reversed the process leaving Jocasta a mindless husk." Return 1: "Ultron later revived Jocasta with a remote link activating the mental residue the Wasp left behind" Death 2: "Sacrificing herself to try to ki
## 34 <NA>
## 35 Dies during Red Hulk Saga. Returns when Lyra infiltrates Intelligenica and finds her in statis
## 36 <NA>
## 37 <NA>
## 38 <NA>
## 39 Killed by Mephisto. After Secret Invasion it turns out she was actually being impersonated by a Skrull the whole time and was alive and well.
## 40 Died in her second appearance earns honorary Avengers status doing so. Stays dead.
## 41 Once killed during a battle with Doctor Doom.' Brought back by the FF when they literally went to Heaven to get him.
## 42 <NA>
## 43 NA but he he did die and return to get his powers prior to joining the Avengers.
## 44 <NA>
## 45 Dies during New Invaders. Was "was revived as a living weapon the Thinker intended to sell." Prior to joining the avengers he had died like 2 times in the 40s.
## 46 NA: Has not died since joing the Avengers but prior to joining he fought the West Coast avengers and seemingly died. Later turned up under control of a villain
## 47 <NA>
## 48 Died in Deathlok Vol 2 #5. JK that was actually just a Life Model Decoy
## 49 <NA>
## 50 Namor was presumed killed in the battle with Atlantean Barbarians. Had actually survived and turned up in the South Pacific
## 51 Died in Avengers:_Disassembled. Was brought back in the Young Avengers: Children's Crusade arc because time travel but take my word for it it was actually kind of well done.
## 52 Shot with a Breathing gun and corpse dumped in trash. Revived by the Grim Reaper. Helped Avengers defeat the Reaper so his spirit could remain at peace. Later completely revived by the Chaos King.
## 53 Killed by Namor with the Ebony Blade. Returned when The Master put her in a statis tube. Death 2 was when Namor mercy killed her. Returned to life a second time by the Chaos King.
## 54 Killed in Avengers_Vol_1_24. Revived by the Grandmaster. Died in Avengers:_Forever_Vol_1_3.
## 55 Killed by Iron Man when he was controlled by Immortus. Revived during Chaos war.
## 56 Died in Captain_America_348. Actually "Dunphy miraculously survived the crash and lived with an Inuit tribe." Second death when killed by Sharon Carter.
## 57 Killed by Neut who was working for Immortus. Reborn into a new body.
## 58 <NA>
## 59 <NA>
## 60 Killed by the Cosmic Assassin. Actually turned into a being composed of pure energy.
## 61 <NA>
## 62 Died in Great_Lakes_Avengers_Vol_1_1. Has not returned
## 63 Sacrificed self so that Mr. Immortal could stop the villain Maelstrom. Returned as the Angel of Death.
## 64 <NA>
## 65 Christ; where to begin. His superpower is that he cannot die when he dies he immediately comes back. The Wikia inventories 24 deaths. These will be excluded from the analysis.
## 66 <NA>
## 67 <NA>
## 68 Killed by Leather Boy
## 69 Accidently killed by Zaran
## 70 <NA>
## 71 Died during incursion. It's not ever particulalry clear if he ever joined an Avengers team besides one issue so his inclusion here is specious at best.
## 72 Died on Battleworld and came back prior to joining avengers
## 73 <NA>
## 74 Since joining the New Avengers: First death Killed by Morlun. Ressurected in a brand new body. Died in Amazing Spider-Man #700. Eventually mainfested in his body that Octavious stole and then took over again.
## 75 <NA>
## 76 <NA>
## 77 Died in Identity_Disc_Vol_1_1. Later was revealed to be alive and working along with the Vulture.
## 78 <NA>
## 79 Became posessed died to purge self of corruption. Revived as undead Avenger minion of the Grim Reaper. Returned to the spirit world by the Scarlet Witch. Has since stayed dead.
## 80 <NA>
## 81 <NA>
## 82 Reduced her to a pile of bones and organsby Vargas. Brought back by Chaos King. Died second time in Chaos_War:_Dead_Avengers_Vol_1_3
## 83 Merged with 616 Tony Stark
## 84 Whitney killed was a clone possibly this incarnation of Masque'
## 85 <NA>
## 86 <NA>
## 87 <NA>
## 88 <NA>
## 89 First died in a zero energy explosion in space. Body was apparently reanimated by Scarlet Witch. Abruptly exploded killing Scott Lang as well. Second return in Marvel_Zombies_Supreme_Vol_1_2.
## 90 <NA>
## 91 <NA>
## 92 Killed by Norman Osbourne. Has not returned.
## 93 Died in Death_of_Wolverine_Vol_1_4. Has not yet returned
## 94 Died during Seige. Brought back to life by the Apocalypse twins as a horseman of death in Uncanny_Avengers_Vol_1_9.
## 95 First death 'had been murdered in a fight with Elektra.' "Revived by Elektra and the Hand with their dark magic." Died in most recent run of Moon Knight has not yet returned.
## 96 NA is actually Kang but let's just not go there.
## 97 <NA>
## 98 <NA>
## 99 <NA>
## 100 Dies in Young Avengers: The Childrens Crusade when she is killed by Doom. Eventually reborn years later.
## 101 <NA>
## 102 Dies in Young Avengers The Children's Crusade
## 103 <NA>
## 104 <NA>
## 105 <NA>
## 106 Ripped in half by the Sentry during Seige. Revived during Chaos King. Then killedby Chaos King.
## 107 <NA>
## 108 <NA>
## 109 <NA>
## 110 <NA>
## 111 <NA>
## 112 <NA>
## 113 Died in Captain_America_Vol_7_10. It's not clear how she survived but yeah she totally did.
## 114 Died in Secret_Avengers_Vol_1_22.
## 115 NA but died/came back during Ragnarok prior to becoming an Avenger
## 116 Died in Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol_3_20.
## 117 <NA>
## 118 Died in Heroic_Age:_One_Month_to_Live_Vol_1_5 stayed dead.
## 119 <NA>
## 120 Died in Circle of Four arc. Made a deal with Mephisto and came back.
## 121 <NA>
## 122 <NA>
## 123 <NA>
## 124 <NA>
## 125 <NA>
## 126 <NA>
## 127 <NA>
## 128 <NA>
## 129 <NA>
## 130 <NA>
## 131 Died in Murderworld during Avengers Arena
## 132 Died in Murderworld during Avengers Arena
## 133 <NA>
## 134 <NA>
## 135 <NA>
## 136 <NA>
## 137 <NA>
## 138 <NA>
## 139 <NA>
## 140 <NA>
## 141 <NA>
## 142 <NA>
## 143 <NA>
## 144 Died in Superior_Spider-Man_Vol_1_30.
## 145 <NA>
## 146 <NA>
## 147 <NA>
## 148 <NA>
## 149 <NA>
## 150 <NA>
## 151 Died in New_Avengers_Vol_3_32.
## 152 <NA>
## 153 Died in Uncanny_Avengers_Vol_1_22. Returned when 'he was able to use his power to transform his body into a state of pure energy '
## 154 Died in New_Avengers_Vol_3_32
## 155 Died in New_Avengers_Vol_3_32
## 156 Died in New_Avengers_Vol_3_32
## 157 Died in New_Avengers_Vol_3_32
## 158 <NA>
## 159 <NA>
## 160 <NA>
## 161 <NA>
## 162 <NA>
## 163 <NA>
## 164 <NA>
## 165 Died in Avengers_A.I._Vol_1_4. Returned in Avengers_A.I._Vol_1_9.
## 166 <NA>
## 167 <NA>
## 168 <NA>
## 169 <NA>
## 170 <NA>
## 171 <NA>
## 172 <NA>
## 173 <NA>Part one: Data tidying The avenger data consists of ten columns for each avenger called Death[1-5] to Return[1-5]
Get the data into a format where the five columns for Death[1-5] are replaced by two columnes: Time, and Death. Time should be a number between 1 and 5 (look into the function parse_number); Death is a categorical variables with values “yes”, “no” and ““. Call the result deaths.
Similarly, deal with the returns of characters.
names(av) # columns## [1] "URL" "Name.Alias"
## [3] "Appearances" "Current."
## [5] "Gender" "Probationary.Introl"
## [7] "Full.Reserve.Avengers.Intro" "Year"
## [9] "Years.since.joining" "Honorary"
## [11] "Death1" "Return1"
## [13] "Death2" "Return2"
## [15] "Death3" "Return3"
## [17] "Death4" "Return4"
## [19] "Death5" "Return5"
## [21] "Notes"av0 = av %>% filter(Name.Alias != "")
av0 = av0 %>% filter(Name.Alias != "Vance Astrovik")
av1 = av0 %>% gather(key = time, value = death, c(11, 13, 15, 17, 19)) %>%
select(Name.Alias, time, death) %>%
mutate(time = parse_number(time))
av2 = av0 %>% gather(key = time, value = return, c(12, 14, 16, 18, 20)) %>%
select(Name.Alias, time, return) %>%
mutate(time = parse_number(time))
av.neat = left_join(av1, av2, by = c("Name.Alias", "time"))Each team member picks one of the statements in the FiveThirtyEight analysis and fact checks it based on the data. Use dplyr functionality whenever possible.
Statement:Iron Man, Hulk, Captain America, Thor, Hawkeye, Black Widow, Scarlet Witch, Quicksilver and The Vision have dies once in their time. Answer:
Aavnew = av.neat %>% filter(Name.Alias %in% c("Anthony Edward \"Tony\" Stark", "Steven Rogers", "Clinton Francis Barton", "Thor Odinson", "Natalia Alianovna Romanova", "Wanda Maximoff", "Pietro Maximoff", "Victor Shade (alias)", "Robert Bruce Banner") & death == "YES")
head(Aavnew, 9)## Name.Alias time death return
## 1 Anthony Edward "Tony" Stark 1 YES YES
## 2 Robert Bruce Banner 1 YES YES
## 3 Thor Odinson 1 YES YES
## 4 Steven Rogers 1 YES YES
## 5 Clinton Francis Barton 1 YES YES
## 6 Pietro Maximoff 1 YES YES
## 7 Wanda Maximoff 1 YES YES
## 8 Victor Shade (alias) 1 YES YES
## 9 Natalia Alianovna Romanova 1 YES YES