Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 16 | 687 | 8 | 19 | 91 | 843 | 62 | 91 | 26 | 806 | 37 | 18 | 35 | 32 | 757 | 219 | 31 | 829 | 51 | 46 | 53 | 821 | 76 | 47 |
6 | 20 | 72 | 16 | 791 | 76 | 29 | 62 | 503 | 798 | 49 | 277 | 810 | 47 | 101 | 69 | 69 | 816 | 29 | 76 | 738 | 148 | 37 | 57 | 731 |
899 | 58 | 52 | 881 | 91 | 190 | 34 | 98 | 312 | 55 | 37 | 588 | 49 | 54 | 678 | 61 | 64 | 44 | 39 | 741 | 51 | 63 | 43 | 752 | 103 |
2 | 825 | 108 | 14 | 18 | 562 | 13 | 697 | 13 | 40 | 27 | 17 | 42 | 783 | 108 | 32 | 567 | 28 | 22 | 51 | 84 | 655 | 18 | 34 | 38 |
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 75 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 92 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 88 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 82 | 24 | 3 | 90 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 89 | 8 | 5 |
1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 86 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 55 | 87 | 5 | 30 | 88 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 89 | 3 | 8 | 80 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 80 |
98 | 6 | 6 | 96 | 10 | 21 | 4 | 11 | 34 | 6 | 4 | 64 | 5 | 6 | 74 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 81 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 82 | 11 |
0 | 90 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 61 | 1 | 76 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 85 | 12 | 3 | 62 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 71 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
막대그래프로 답안 분포를 시각적으로 살핀다. 차후 나오는 정답률과 함께 어느 문항에서 어느 답안을 많이 고르는지 파악하는 데 활용한다.
barplot
## quartz_off_screen
## 3
ggplot
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Q14 | Q15 | Q16 | Q17 | Q18 | Q19 | Q20 | Q21 | Q22 | Q23 | Q24 | Q25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | W | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R |
R | R | R | R | W | W | R | R | W | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | W | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
96, 88, 96, 80, 96, 92, 92, 24, 96, 84, 100, 92, 72, 80, 84, 92, 84, 24, 100, 48, 80, 88, 96, 96, 84, 80, 96, 96, 92, 76, 80, 80, 100, 72, 80, 80, 88, 88, 96, 80, 100, 96, 68, 64, 84, 88, 88, 80, 92, 88, 52, 92, 84, 48, 68, 88, 96, 92, 92, 96, 88, 72, 88, 80, 80, 88, 92, 84, 100, 84, 100, 92, 80, 84, 84, 88, 88, 84, 36, 96, 92, 76, 28, 72, 100, 76, 64, 96, 92, 84, 76, 88, 64, 68, 84, 88, 84, 88, 88, 96, 92, 64, 88, 76, 60, 92, 88, 92, 80, 84, 92, 80, 96, 32, 92, 96, 64, 80, 76, 76, 100, 88, 92, 84, 88, 96, 92, 80, 92, 88, 96, 92, 80, 80, 84, 88, 88, 92, 92, 80, 96, 76, 68, 100, 92, 96, 64, 92, 68, 92, 96, 88, 96, 92, 88, 84, 92, 32, 96, 92, 88, 92, 88, 88, 84, 20, 88, 52, 96, 60, 96, 84, 92, 100, 96, 80, 92, 92, 68, 84, 88, 16, 84, 84, 84, 80, 84, 76, 88, 92, 100, 80, 84, 52, 68, 92, 96, 64, 88, 84, 40, 92, 100, 92, 36, 88, 96, 76, 96, 88, 80, 92, 88, 92, 92, 32, 92, 76, 56, 80, 88, 84, 80, 88, 96, 92, 84, 80, 88, 84, 92, 96, 24, 36, 84, 80, 80, 84, 76, 92, 76, 88, 88, 100, 96, 92, 96, 68, 68, 92, 92, 80, 92, 64, 84, 92, 96, 52, 96, 80, 68, 76, 96, 24, 96, 96, 84, 88, 88, 60, 76, 88, 100, 48, 88, 60, 92, 72, 76, 76, 96, 72, 80, 92, 68, 88, 100, 100, 92, 92, 92, 80, 92, 76, 72, 96, 88, 84, 84, 92, 88, 92, 92, 80, 92, 96, 80, 96, 68, 92, 88, 92, 92, 96, 88, 80, 56, 88, 88, 80, 88, 92, 96, 32, 88, 68, 88, 36, 100, 88, 96, 76, 100, 84, 68, 36, 84, 80, 92, 96, 92, 92, 80, 100, 48, 92, 96, 64, 36, 96, 56, 84, 92, 60, 88, 56, 76, 92, 32, 76, 92, 84, 72, 96, 56, 100, 92, 88, 96, 88, 72, 84, 88, 88, 96, 80, 96, 76, 92, 80, 84, 88, 68, 80, 76, 48, 92, 92, 88, 80, 72, 88, 92, 92, 88, 100, 88, 76, 96, 88, 96, 84, 96, 36, 92, 52, 84, 96, 76, 76, 92, 96, 92, 96, 72, 52, 96, 84, 96, 100, 96, 84, 68, 40, 96, 100, 80, 96, 92, 68, 36, 100, 88, 88, 76, 64, 80, 92, 92, 72, 96, 88, 92, 92, 88, 72, 76, 92, 88, 92, 40, 88, 92, 96, 100, 12, 96, 28, 92, 88, 96, 100, 84, 92, 68, 96, 52, 100, 92, 92, 80, 88, 76, 76, 80, 84, 92, 44, 84, 88, 96, 80, 60, 96, 96, 92, 100, 32, 16, 96, 92, 84, 88, 100, 88, 88, 76, 92, 92, 92, 68, 96, 48, 80, 44, 96, 96, 92, 72, 80, 84, 100, 84, 100, 96, 92, 52, 40, 100, 84, 88, 84, 84, 100, 40, 64, 84, 88, 96, 92, 100, 24, 36, 80, 96, 52, 64, 88, 72, 92, 60, 68, 100, 96, 72, 84, 96, 88, 88, 92, 28, 96, 100, 60, 92, 88, 84, 76, 96, 100, 100, 24, 80, 68, 48, 96, 88, 84, 96, 100, 92, 96, 84, 84, 92, 72, 92, 72, 60, 92, 88, 32, 96, 88, 76, 72, 88, 96, 80, 96, 84, 92, 88, 84, 92, 88, 88, 92, 92, 84, 96, 84, 36, 92, 84, 96, 96, 88, 92, 88, 68, 24, 84, 76, 92, 88, 72, 80, 100, 84, 80, 96, 36, 84, 76, 100, 76, 88, 88, 96, 88, 36, 88, 72, 92, 88, 76, 96, 92, 88, 68, 92, 92, 24, 84, 76, 88, 64, 88, 88, 92, 84, 96, 64, 76, 96, 96, 96, 84, 92, 92, 64, 92, 68, 80, 80, 36, 96, 28, 100, 80, 76, 12, 84, 84, 76, 84, 92, 92, 88, 88, 88, 28, 56, 100, 84, 88, 100, 36, 92, 52, 92, 76, 16, 88, 44, 96, 84, 80, 76, 100, 28, 92, 92, 88, 72, 84, 92, 76, 64, 96, 80, 76, 80, 100, 96, 88, 72, 96, 92, 92, 40, 88, 100, 96, 24, 96, 80, 88, 72, 84, 20, 80, 80, 80, 12, 88, 88, 20, 96, 92, 92, 100, 80, 80, 24, 84, 72, 80, 92, 84, 96, 80, 84, 100, 48, 84, 72, 88, 80, 96, 92, 92, 88, 100, 72, 72, 96, 36, 76, 60, 28, 68, 92, 20, 88, 88, 76, 52, 92, 88, 92, 88, 28, 92, 96, 68, 64, 80, 48, 68, 12, 60, 32, 96, 92, 96, 40, 76, 80, 96, 60, 76, 76, 60, 96, 96, 88, 64, 80, 68, 60, 56, 100, 76, 88, 88, 44, 92, 92, 36, 96, 44, 44, 100, 80, 96, 88, 92, 100, 36, 80, 64, 96, 88, 88, 72, 52, 96, 96, 72, 80, 84, 88, 92, 80, 92, 96, 100, 88, 20, 32, 96, 96, 96, 88, 92, 72, 76, 52, 96, 72, 92, 60, 40, 52, 88, 84, 68, 96, 44, 68, 88, 92, 88, 100, 72, 76, 92, 96, 68, 68, 92, 84, 76, 96, 88, 80, 40, 32, 68, 44, 88, 84, 72, 28, 68, 80, 28, 92, 88, 28, 36, 28, 84, 48, 92, 88, 28, 56, 64, 92, 68, 56, 56, 96, 20, 56 and 24
Red:
Min. | 1st Qu. | Median | Mean | 3rd Qu. | Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 72 | 88 | 80.1 | 92 | 100 |
Black:
Min. | 1st Qu. | Median | Mean | 3rd Qu. | Max. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 | 76 | 88 | 79.8 | 92 | 100 |
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 1 | 2222666
## 2 | 000000444444444448888888888888
## 3 | 2222222222666666666666666666
## 4 | 000000000444444448888888888
## 5 | 2222222222222266666666666
## 6 | 00000000000000044444444444444444444888888888888888888888888888888888
## 7 | 22222222222222222222222222222222226666666666666666666666666666666666+8
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000+224
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+205
## 10 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
score %>%
`[`(literacy$group == "Red") %>%
stem(scale = 0.5)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 1 | 22666
## 2 | 00444448888
## 3 | 2222266666666
## 4 | 00004444448888
## 5 | 22222222666666
## 6 | 000000000444444444444888888888888888888888888
## 7 | 22222222222222222226666666666666666666666
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000004444444444444444444444444444444444444+72
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+58
## 10 | 0000000000000000000000000000000000
score %>%
`[`(literacy$group == "Black") %>%
stem(scale = 0.5)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 1 | 22
## 2 | 0000444444888888888
## 3 | 222226666666666
## 4 | 0000044888888
## 5 | 22222266666
## 6 | 0000004444444488888888888
## 7 | 22222222222222266666666666666666666666666666666
## 8 | 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000044444444444444444444+72
## 9 | 22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222+67
## 10 | 000000000000000000000
Red 와 Black으로부터 관찰된 점수들의 평균에 대하여 t test를 적용하였더니 통계적으로 매우매우 유의한 차이가 관찰되었습니다. 뜻밖이지만 이런 일도 관찰될 수 있습니다. 매우 드문 확률의 사건이 발생한 것입니다.
Test statistic | df | P value | Alternative hypothesis | mean in group Red | mean in group Black |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2964 | 913.7 | 0.767 | two.sided | 80.13 | 79.75 |
카이제곱테스트로 Red와 Black에 들어간 등급별 인원수가 얼마나 닮았는지를 살펴보았지만 t-test에서와 마찬가지로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었습니다.
I | II | III | IV | 계 |
---|---|---|---|---|
24 | 68 | 129 | 698 | 919 |
I | II | III | IV | 계 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.61 | 7.4 | 14.04 | 75.95 | 100 |
I | II | III | IV | 계 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red | 12 | 31 | 78 | 346 | 467 |
Black | 12 | 37 | 51 | 352 | 452 |
계 | 24 | 68 | 129 | 698 | 919 |
Test statistic | df | P value |
---|---|---|
5.982 | NA | 0.05547 |
유형 | 정답률(%) | |
---|---|---|
문1 | 사실적 | 97.8 |
문2 | 사실적 | 89.8 |
문3 | 비판적 | 74.8 |
문4 | 사실적 | 95.9 |
문5 | 추론적 | 86.1 |
문6 | 추론적 | 61.2 |
문7 | 추론적 | 91.7 |
문8 | 사실적 | 75.8 |
문9 | 추론적 | 33.9 |
문10 | 추론적 | 86.8 |
문11 | 사실적 | 87.7 |
문12 | 사실적 | 64.0 |
문13 | 사실적 | 88.1 |
문14 | 추론적 | 85.2 |
문15 | 사실적 | 73.8 |
문16 | 사실적 | 82.4 |
문17 | 추론적 | 61.7 |
문18 | 비판적 | 88.8 |
문19 | 사실적 | 90.2 |
문20 | 사실적 | 80.6 |
문21 | 사실적 | 80.3 |
문22 | 비판적 | 71.3 |
문23 | 추론적 | 89.3 |
문24 | 사실적 | 81.8 |
문25 | 추론적 | 79.5 |
문3 | 문6 | 문8 | 문9 | 문12 | 문15 | 문17 | 문22 | 문25 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
정답률 | 74.8 | 61.2 | 75.8 | 33.9 | 64 | 73.8 | 61.7 | 71.3 | 79.5 |
문6 | 문9 | 문12 | 문17 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
정답률 | 61.2 | 33.9 | 64 | 61.7 |
문9 | |
---|---|
정답률 | 33.9 |
문9 | |
---|---|
정답률 | 33.9 |