Final Project: Data Preparation
Final Project: Data Preparation
The overview of the green bond market
The main purpose of the project is to identify key priorities in financing sustainable projects. The data used for this project is IMF’s dataset on overal issuance of green bonds by countries from 1985 to 2021.
Source: Green Bonds | Green Bonds | Climate Change Indicators Dashboard (imf.org)
As for most countries in the data set information is available since 2017, I am going to use 2017-2021 time interval.
Data cleaning
Download the data set to R
> gb1 <- read.csv("C:\\Users\\Olga Z\\Documents\\00_data_raw\\Green_Bonds.csv") ObjectId Country ISO2 ISO3 1 1 Argentina AR ARG 2 2 Australia AU AUS 3 3 Austria AT AUT 4 4 Bangladesh BD BGD 5 5 Belgium BE BEL 6 6 Belgium BE BEL 7 7 Bermuda BM BMU 8 8 Brazil BR BRA 9 9 British Virgin Islands VG VGB 10 10 Canada CA CAN 11 11 Cayman Islands KY CYM 12 12 Chile CL CHL 13 13 Chile CL CHL 14 14 China, P.R.: Hong Kong HK HKG 15 15 China, P.R.: Hong Kong HK HKG 16 16 China, P.R.: Macao MO MAC 17 17 China, P.R.: Mainland CN CHN 18 18 Colombia CO COL 19 19 Colombia CO COL 20 20 Costa Rica CR CRI 21 21 Czech Rep. CZ CZE 22 22 Denmark DK DNK 23 23 Egypt, Arab Rep. of EG EGY 24 24 Egypt, Arab Rep. of EG EGY Indicator Unit [ reached 'max' / getOption("max.print") -- omitted 189 rows ]Delete columns “ObjectId”, “Source”, “CTS_Full_Descriptor”, “F1985”-“F2016”
> gb1 |> + select("Country", "ISO3", "Indicator", "Use_of_Proceed", "F2017", "F2018", "F2019", "F2020", "F2021") Country ISO3 1 Argentina ARG 2 Australia AUS 3 Austria AUT 4 Bangladesh BGD 5 Belgium BEL 6 Belgium BEL 7 Bermuda BMU 8 Brazil BRA 9 British Virgin Islands VGB 10 Canada CAN 11 Cayman Islands CYM 12 Chile CHL 13 Chile CHL 14 China, P.R.: Hong Kong HKG 15 China, P.R.: Hong Kong HKG 16 China, P.R.: Macao MAC 17 China, P.R.: Mainland CHN 18 Colombia COL 19 Colombia COL 20 Costa Rica CRI 21 Czech Rep. CZE 22 Denmark DNK 23 Egypt, Arab Rep. of EGY 24 Egypt, Arab Rep. of EGY 25 Estonia, Rep. of EST 26 Fiji, Rep. of FJI 27 Fiji, Rep. of FJI 28 Finland FIN 29 France FRA 30 France FRA 31 Georgia GEO 32 Germany DEU 33 Germany DEU 34 Greece GRC 35 Guernsey GGY 36 Hungary HUN 37 Hungary HUN 38 Iceland ISL 39 India IND 40 Indonesia IDN 41 Ireland IRL 42 Ireland IRL 43 Israel ISR 44 Italy ITA 45 Italy ITA 46 Japan JPN 47 Jersey JEY 48 Korea, Rep. of KOR 49 Korea, Rep. of KOR 50 Latvia LVA 51 Liechtenstein LIE 52 Lithuania LTU 53 Lithuania LTU 54 Luxembourg LUX 55 Malaysia MYS 56 Marshall Islands, Rep. of the MHL 57 Mauritius MUS 58 Mexico MEX 59 Morocco MAR 60 Namibia NAM 61 Netherlands, The NLD 62 Netherlands, The NLD 63 New Zealand NZL 64 Nigeria NGA 65 Nigeria NGA 66 Norway NOR 67 Pakistan PAK 68 Panama PAN 69 Peru PER 70 Philippines PHL 71 Poland, Rep. of POL 72 Poland, Rep. of POL 73 Portugal PRT 74 Romania ROU 75 Russian Federation RUS 76 Serbia, Rep. of SRB 77 Serbia, Rep. of SRB 78 Seychelles SYC 79 Seychelles SYC 80 Singapore SGP 81 Slovak Rep. SVK 82 Slovenia, Rep. of SVN 83 South Africa ZAF 84 Spain ESP 85 Spain ESP 86 Sweden SWE 87 Sweden SWE 88 Switzerland CHE 89 Taiwan Province of China TWN 90 Thailand THA 91 Turkey TUR 92 Ukraine UKR 93 United Arab Emirates ARE 94 United Kingdom GBR 95 United Kingdom GBR 96 United States USA 97 Vietnam VNM 98 World WLD 99 World WLD 100 World WLD 101 World WLD 102 World WLD 103 World WLD 104 World WLD 105 World WLD 106 World WLD 107 World WLD 108 World WLD 109 World WLD 110 World WLD 111 World WLD Indicator Use_of_Proceed F2017 1 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.97 2 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2.67 3 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.54 4 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 5 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 6 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 7 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.13 8 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2.09 9 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 10 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2.89 11 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.82 12 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.00 13 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 14 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.00 15 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 16 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 17 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 31.26 18 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.05 19 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 20 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 21 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 22 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.98 23 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 24 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 25 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 26 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.05 27 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All 0.05 28 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.28 29 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 25.44 30 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All 12.41 31 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 32 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 8.46 33 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 34 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 35 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 36 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 37 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 38 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 39 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2.01 40 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 41 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 42 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 43 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 44 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.92 45 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 46 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.48 47 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 48 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.39 49 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 50 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.02 51 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 52 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.34 53 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 54 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 3.10 55 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.47 56 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 57 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.95 58 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 8.76 59 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.01 60 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 61 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 11.40 62 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 63 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.17 64 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.03 65 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All 0.03 66 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.69 67 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 68 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 69 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 70 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 71 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 72 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 73 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 74 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 75 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 76 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 77 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 78 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 79 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 80 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 1.07 81 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 82 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 83 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.07 84 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 3.15 85 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 86 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 4.70 87 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 88 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.75 89 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.58 90 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 91 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 92 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 93 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 0.59 94 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2.20 95 Sovereign Green Bond Issuances All NA 96 Green Bond Issuances by Country All 5.51 97 Green Bond Issuances by Country All NA 98 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances All 348.58 99 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 100 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 101 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 102 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 103 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 104 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 105 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 106 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 107 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 108 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 109 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 110 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA 111 Cumulative Green Bond Issuances by Type of Currency All NA F2018 F2019 F2020 F2021 1 NA NA 0.18 0.90 2 2.37 2.10 2.44 5.01 3 0.57 2.27 1.73 2.86 4 NA NA NA 0.35 5 12.37 NA 1.49 3.37 6 11.81 NA NA NA 7 0.96 0.45 2.96 1.95 8 0.15 1.04 0.58 1.06 9 2.51 1.46 1.12 4.79 10 5.89 6.68 10.82 14.47 11 1.27 3.30 6.28 10.23 12 0.06 6.14 2.94 5.87 13 NA 4.53 2.94 NA 14 3.19 7.73 4.45 16.73 15 NA 2.00 NA 8.77 16 NA 1.00 0.47 1.03 17 31.90 41.36 30.00 72.27 18 0.17 NA 0.08 0.53 19 NA NA NA 0.38 20 NA NA NA NA 21 NA NA NA 0.96 22 0.85 12.36 1.75 7.26 23 NA NA 1.50 NA 24 NA NA 1.50 NA 25 NA NA NA NA 26 NA NA NA NA 27 NA NA NA NA 28 0.11 3.04 3.10 4.04 29 14.92 38.65 37.66 47.52 30 6.52 7.52 8.58 16.06 31 NA NA 0.50 1.00 32 6.75 22.38 41.40 71.70 33 NA NA 13.02 14.15 34 NA 0.17 0.57 1.61 35 NA 0.02 0.53 0.02 36 NA NA 2.19 0.90 37 NA NA 1.87 0.46 38 NA NA 0.74 1.02 39 NA 3.55 0.94 5.04 40 2.54 1.60 1.88 2.15 41 7.75 1.36 2.25 5.15 42 7.75 NA NA NA 43 NA NA NA 1.00 44 2.27 6.63 5.05 23.72 45 NA NA NA 15.28 46 5.09 8.25 9.30 17.15 47 NA 1.13 0.12 0.40 48 3.85 8.15 3.86 26.67 49 NA 1.00 NA 0.79 50 NA NA NA 0.17 51 NA 0.11 0.11 0.68 52 0.42 NA NA NA 53 0.08 NA NA NA 54 1.24 2.14 4.61 10.34 55 0.22 0.50 0.12 0.15 56 NA 0.20 NA NA 57 NA 2.77 0.65 6.04 58 0.39 0.12 1.62 0.07 59 NA NA NA NA 60 0.00 NA NA NA 61 11.78 24.89 26.02 35.37 62 NA 12.12 NA NA 63 0.27 0.30 0.72 1.40 64 NA 0.07 NA NA 65 NA 0.04 NA NA 66 3.32 5.88 6.79 13.80 67 NA NA NA 0.50 68 NA 0.04 0.54 NA 69 0.03 1.28 0.20 NA 70 NA 0.70 0.56 0.10 71 1.13 2.49 NA 1.13 72 1.13 2.26 NA NA 73 NA 1.26 1.70 2.38 74 NA NA NA 0.48 75 NA 0.01 1.30 1.06 76 NA NA NA 2.26 77 NA NA NA 2.26 78 0.02 NA NA NA 79 0.02 NA NA NA 80 0.05 2.70 1.52 5.57 81 NA NA NA 0.45 82 0.08 NA NA NA 83 0.07 0.18 0.20 0.08 84 3.61 8.43 9.78 19.38 85 NA NA NA 5.66 86 7.16 13.38 15.27 18.05 87 NA NA 4.26 NA 88 0.48 2.23 0.96 1.82 89 0.78 0.94 1.49 0.87 90 0.10 0.71 0.73 0.89 91 NA 0.10 0.10 1.90 92 NA NA NA 1.65 93 NA 0.07 0.10 0.59 94 8.18 4.06 4.89 40.07 95 NA NA NA 21.74 96 8.88 24.23 34.43 61.49 97 NA NA NA 0.20 98 520.08 820.34 1139.41 1759.46 99 NA NA NA 0.00 100 NA NA NA 0.35 101 NA NA NA 0.03 102 NA NA NA 0.00 103 NA NA NA 0.05 104 NA NA NA 0.74 105 NA NA NA 0.37 106 NA NA NA 0.50 107 NA NA NA 12.05 108 NA NA NA 0.01 109 NA NA NA 0.02 110 NA NA NA 0.14 111 NA NA NA 24.62 [ reached 'max' / getOption("max.print") -- omitted 102 rows ]Rename columns “F2017”-“F2021” to “2017”-“2021”
> gb1 |> + rename("2017" = "F2017", "2018" = "F2018", "2019" = "F2019", "2020" = "F2020" , "2021" = "F2021") Use_of_Proceed 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Pivot years and values to the long format
> gb2 <- gb1 |> + pivot_longer(cols = matches("\\d{4}"), + names_to = "year", + names_transform = as.integer) > gb2 # A tibble: 1,065 × 6 Country ISO3 Indicator Use_of_Proceed year value <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <int> <dbl> 1 Argentina ARG Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2017 0.97 2 Argentina ARG Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2018 NA 3 Argentina ARG Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2019 NA 4 Argentina ARG Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2020 0.18 5 Argentina ARG Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2021 0.9 6 Australia AUS Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2017 2.67 7 Australia AUS Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2018 2.37 8 Australia AUS Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2019 2.1 9 Australia AUS Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2020 2.44 10 Australia AUS Green Bond Issuances by Country All 2021 5.01 # … with 1,055 more rows # ℹ Use `print(n = ...)` to see more rows