library(flexdashboard)
library(tidyverse)
Registered S3 methods overwritten by 'dbplyr':
  method         from
  print.tbl_lazy     
  print.tbl_sql      
── Attaching packages ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.2 ──✔ ggplot2 3.4.0     ✔ purrr   1.0.1
✔ tibble  3.2.1     ✔ dplyr   1.1.1
✔ tidyr   1.3.0     ✔ stringr 1.5.0
✔ readr   2.1.3     ✔ forcats 0.5.2── Conflicts ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ tidyr::extract() masks raster::extract()
✖ dplyr::filter()  masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()     masks stats::lag()
✖ dplyr::select()  masks raster::select()
library(sf)
Linking to GEOS 3.10.2, GDAL 3.4.2, PROJ 8.2.1; sf_use_s2() is TRUE
library(lubridate)

Attaching package: ‘lubridate’

The following objects are masked from ‘package:raster’:

    intersect, union

The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:

    date, intersect, setdiff, union
library(jsonlite)

Attaching package: ‘jsonlite’

The following object is masked from ‘package:purrr’:

    flatten
library(plotly)

Attaching package: ‘plotly’

The following object is masked from ‘package:ggplot2’:

    last_plot

The following object is masked from ‘package:raster’:

    select

The following object is masked from ‘package:stats’:

    filter

The following object is masked from ‘package:graphics’:

    layout
library(hablar)

Attaching package: ‘hablar’

The following object is masked from ‘package:forcats’:

    fct

The following object is masked from ‘package:dplyr’:

    na_if

The following object is masked from ‘package:tibble’:

    num
library(RColorBrewer)
# devtools::install_github("hadley/emo")
library(emo)
library(tmap)
library(rsconnect)

Create an interactive map with the tmap package similar to the example above that draws upon the sample code from last class. This part of the Lab Assignment asks you to manipulate the data provided, generate an interactive map with tmap, and send it to RPubs.

  1. Create a new points sf object from the “Whose Heritage.csv” file:
    • Use read_csv to import the data, then remove all rows where the latitude column is missing
    • Use the st_as_sf function to convert the tibble to an sf object (assume the crs is 4326)
whoseheritage_data <- read_csv("Whose Heritage.csv", show_col_types = FALSE)
Warning: One or more parsing issues, call `problems()` on your data frame for details, e.g.:
  dat <- vroom(...)
  problems(dat)
whoseheritage_data1<- whoseheritage_data %>% tidyr::drop_na(Latitude)

st_as_sf(whoseheritage_data1, coords = c("Latitude", "Longitude"), crs = 4326)
Simple feature collection with 2505 features and 16 fields
Geometry type: POINT
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: 18.08621 ymin: -163.5006 xmax: 62.27001 ymax: -67.14636
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
  1. Import and process the Census data:
    • Use read_csv to import the data, then use filter to extract rows where the year is 1860
census_heritage_data <- read_csv("census.csv", show_col_types = FALSE) %>%
  filter(year == 1860)
New names:
  1. Import and process the shapefile with the county and state boundaries:
    • Use st_read to import the “NHGIS_POP1860.shp” dataset
    • Use the st_make_valid function to ensure the geometry is correct BEFORE plotting
    • Use left_join to link the county and state boundaries to the 1860 Census data
    • Use st_simplify to reduce the complexity of the geometry (shapes) to that it does not take days for the map to render
map_heritage <- st_read("NHGIS_POP1860.shp")
Reading layer `NHGIS_POP1860' from data source `/Users/theodoracatrina/Downloads/Lab Assignment 5/NHGIS_POP1860.shp' using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 2126 features and 25 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -124.7626 ymin: 24.52105 xmax: -66.94983 ymax: 49.38435
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
st_make_valid(map_heritage)
Simple feature collection with 2126 features and 25 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -124.7626 ymin: 24.52105 xmax: -66.94983 ymax: 49.38435
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
First 10 features:
   OBJECTID DECADE NHGISNAM NHGISST NHGISCTY ICPSRST ICPSRCTY      ICPSRNAM             STATENAM ICPSRSTI ICPSRCTYI ICPSRFIP STATE COUNTY  PID  X_CENTROID
1         2   1860   Wright     190     1970      31     1970        WRIGHT                 Iowa       31      1970    19197   190   1970  735   184343.19
2         8   1860 Auglaize     390     0110      24      110      AUGLAIZE                 Ohio       24       110    39011   390   0110 1801   986386.42
3         9   1860 Atchison     290     0050      34       50      ATCHISON             Missouri       34        50    29005   290   0050  222    48209.91
4        13   1860    Clark     535     0055      73      110         CLARK Washington Territory       73       110    53011   535   0055 1211 -2030078.67
5        19   1860    Floyd     180     0430      22      430         FLOYD              Indiana       22       430    18043   180   0430 1308   872473.78
6        23   1860 Somerset     240     0390      52      350      SOMERSET             Maryland       52       350    24039   240   0390  969  1743574.81
7        29   1860 Stoddard     290     2070      34     2070      STODDARD             Missouri       34      2070    29207   290   2070  437   535465.50
8        30   1860   Toombs     270     1535      33     1670 WILKIN/TOOMBS            Minnesota       33      1670    27167   270   1535   57   -28363.25
9        31   1860     Kent     100     0010      11       10          KENT             Delaware       11        10    10001   100   0010  171  1737552.64
10       32   1860   Macomb     260     0990      23      990        MACOMB             Michigan       23       990    26099   260   0990 1016  1060996.11
   Y_CENTROID  GISJOIN GISJOIN2   AREA_SQM SHAPE_LENG  COMPOSITE_ POP_TOTAL SHAPE_AREA SHAPE_LEN                       geometry
1   588278.42 G1901970  1901970 1508755622  1.6459953 18601901970       653 1508755144 155582.24 MULTIPOLYGON (((-93.5002 42...
2   404239.35 G3900110  3900110 1040444339  1.8069121 18603900110     17187 1040443924 169140.61 MULTIPOLYGON (((-84.22284 4...
3   328584.31 G2900050  2900050 1417653055  2.0236797 18602900050      4649 1417652576 186843.70 MULTIPOLYGON (((-95.37525 4...
4  1233183.47 G5350055  5350055 3628508857  2.8143681 18605350055      2384 3628507087 277570.57 MULTIPOLYGON (((-122.2413 4...
5   138205.82 G1800430  1800430  384124870  0.9901099 18601800430     20183  384124711  97161.34 MULTIPOLYGON (((-85.80225 3...
6   267627.05 G2400390  2400390 1431079262  8.6565579 18602400390     24992 1431078618 858450.27 MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.71028 3...
7   -55897.11 G2902070  2902070 2146349046  2.5659661 18602902070      7877 2146349693 248079.27 MULTIPOLYGON (((-89.76442 3...
8   970045.71 G2701535  2701535 2326613620  3.0139871 18602701535        40 2326613051 271686.07 MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.67713 4...
9   365232.81 G1000010  1000010 1548770811  2.1582075 18601000010     27804 1548770166 219894.03 MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.50713 3...
10  654944.87 G2600990  2600990 1250599394  1.9159633 18602600990     22843 1250598939 184406.28 MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.7082 42...
map_heritage_1 <- left_join(map_heritage, census_heritage_data, by = 'GISJOIN')

st_make_valid(map_heritage_1)
Simple feature collection with 2126 features and 38 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -124.7626 ymin: 24.52105 xmax: -66.94983 ymax: 49.38435
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
First 10 features:
   OBJECTID DECADE NHGISNAM NHGISST NHGISCTY ICPSRST ICPSRCTY      ICPSRNAM             STATENAM ICPSRSTI ICPSRCTYI ICPSRFIP STATE COUNTY  PID  X_CENTROID
1         2   1860   Wright     190     1970      31     1970        WRIGHT                 Iowa       31      1970    19197   190   1970  735   184343.19
2         8   1860 Auglaize     390     0110      24      110      AUGLAIZE                 Ohio       24       110    39011   390   0110 1801   986386.42
3         9   1860 Atchison     290     0050      34       50      ATCHISON             Missouri       34        50    29005   290   0050  222    48209.91
4        13   1860    Clark     535     0055      73      110         CLARK Washington Territory       73       110    53011   535   0055 1211 -2030078.67
5        19   1860    Floyd     180     0430      22      430         FLOYD              Indiana       22       430    18043   180   0430 1308   872473.78
6        23   1860 Somerset     240     0390      52      350      SOMERSET             Maryland       52       350    24039   240   0390  969  1743574.81
7        29   1860 Stoddard     290     2070      34     2070      STODDARD             Missouri       34      2070    29207   290   2070  437   535465.50
8        30   1860   Toombs     270     1535      33     1670 WILKIN/TOOMBS            Minnesota       33      1670    27167   270   1535   57   -28363.25
9        31   1860     Kent     100     0010      11       10          KENT             Delaware       11        10    10001   100   0010  171  1737552.64
10       32   1860   Macomb     260     0990      23      990        MACOMB             Michigan       23       990    26099   260   0990 1016  1060996.11
   Y_CENTROID  GISJOIN GISJOIN2   AREA_SQM SHAPE_LENG  COMPOSITE_ POP_TOTAL SHAPE_AREA SHAPE_LEN ...1 totalPopulation freeAfAmPopulation slavePopulation year
1   588278.42 G1901970  1901970 1508755622  1.6459953 18601901970       653 1508755144 155582.24 6590             653                  0               0 1860
2   404239.35 G3900110  3900110 1040444339  1.8069121 18603900110     17187 1040443924 169140.61 7368           17187                 64               0 1860
3   328584.31 G2900050  2900050 1417653055  2.0236797 18602900050      4649 1417652576 186843.70 7030            4649                 12              59 1860
4  1233183.47 G5350055  5350055 3628508857  2.8143681 18605350055      2384 3628507087 277570.57 7993            2384                  1               0 1860
5   138205.82 G1800430  1800430  384124870  0.9901099 18601800430     20183  384124711  97161.34 6421           20183                757               0 1860
6   267627.05 G2400390  2400390 1431079262  8.6565579 18602400390     24992 1431078618 858450.27 6823           24992               4571            5089 1860
7   -55897.11 G2902070  2902070 2146349046  2.5659661 18602902070      7877 2146349693 248079.27 7130            7877                  3             215 1860
8   970045.71 G2701535  2701535 2326613620  3.0139871 18602701535        40 2326613051 271686.07 6962              40                  0               0 1860
9   365232.81 G1000010  1000010 1548770811  2.1582075 18601000010     27804 1548770166 219894.03 6125           27804               7271             203 1860
10  654944.87 G2600990  2600990 1250599394  1.9159633 18602600990     22843 1250598939 184406.28 6876           22843                 63               0 1860
   freeTotalPopulation slavePercentage freeAfAmPercentage freeTotalPercentage slaveDensity freeAfAmDensity totalDensity freeTotalDensity
1                  653            0.00               0.00              100.00         0.00            0.00         1.12             1.12
2                17187            0.00               0.37              100.00         0.00            0.16        42.78            42.78
3                 4590            1.27               0.26               98.73         0.11            0.02         8.49             8.39
4                 2384            0.00               0.04              100.00         0.00            0.00         1.70             1.70
5                20183            0.00               3.75              100.00         0.00            5.10       136.09           136.09
6                19903           20.36              18.29               79.64         9.21            8.27        45.23            36.02
7                 7662            2.73               0.04               97.27         0.26            0.00         9.51             9.25
8                   40            0.00               0.00              100.00         0.00            0.00         0.04             0.04
9                27601            0.73              26.15               99.27         0.34           12.16        46.50            46.16
10               22843            0.00               0.28              100.00         0.00            0.13        47.31            47.31
                         geometry
1  MULTIPOLYGON (((-93.5002 42...
2  MULTIPOLYGON (((-84.22284 4...
3  MULTIPOLYGON (((-95.37525 4...
4  MULTIPOLYGON (((-122.2413 4...
5  MULTIPOLYGON (((-85.80225 3...
6  MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.71028 3...
7  MULTIPOLYGON (((-89.76442 3...
8  MULTIPOLYGON (((-96.67713 4...
9  MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.50713 3...
10 MULTIPOLYGON (((-82.7082 42...
sf_use_s2(FALSE)
Spherical geometry (s2) switched off
st_simplify(map_heritage_1)
Warning: st_simplify does not correctly simplify longitude/latitude data, dTolerance needs to be in decimal degrees
Simple feature collection with 2126 features and 38 fields
Geometry type: GEOMETRY
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -124.7626 ymin: 24.52105 xmax: -66.94983 ymax: 49.38435
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
First 10 features:
   OBJECTID DECADE NHGISNAM NHGISST NHGISCTY ICPSRST ICPSRCTY      ICPSRNAM             STATENAM ICPSRSTI ICPSRCTYI ICPSRFIP STATE COUNTY  PID  X_CENTROID
1         2   1860   Wright     190     1970      31     1970        WRIGHT                 Iowa       31      1970    19197   190   1970  735   184343.19
2         8   1860 Auglaize     390     0110      24      110      AUGLAIZE                 Ohio       24       110    39011   390   0110 1801   986386.42
3         9   1860 Atchison     290     0050      34       50      ATCHISON             Missouri       34        50    29005   290   0050  222    48209.91
4        13   1860    Clark     535     0055      73      110         CLARK Washington Territory       73       110    53011   535   0055 1211 -2030078.67
5        19   1860    Floyd     180     0430      22      430         FLOYD              Indiana       22       430    18043   180   0430 1308   872473.78
6        23   1860 Somerset     240     0390      52      350      SOMERSET             Maryland       52       350    24039   240   0390  969  1743574.81
7        29   1860 Stoddard     290     2070      34     2070      STODDARD             Missouri       34      2070    29207   290   2070  437   535465.50
8        30   1860   Toombs     270     1535      33     1670 WILKIN/TOOMBS            Minnesota       33      1670    27167   270   1535   57   -28363.25
9        31   1860     Kent     100     0010      11       10          KENT             Delaware       11        10    10001   100   0010  171  1737552.64
10       32   1860   Macomb     260     0990      23      990        MACOMB             Michigan       23       990    26099   260   0990 1016  1060996.11
   Y_CENTROID  GISJOIN GISJOIN2   AREA_SQM SHAPE_LENG  COMPOSITE_ POP_TOTAL SHAPE_AREA SHAPE_LEN ...1 totalPopulation freeAfAmPopulation slavePopulation year
1   588278.42 G1901970  1901970 1508755622  1.6459953 18601901970       653 1508755144 155582.24 6590             653                  0               0 1860
2   404239.35 G3900110  3900110 1040444339  1.8069121 18603900110     17187 1040443924 169140.61 7368           17187                 64               0 1860
3   328584.31 G2900050  2900050 1417653055  2.0236797 18602900050      4649 1417652576 186843.70 7030            4649                 12              59 1860
4  1233183.47 G5350055  5350055 3628508857  2.8143681 18605350055      2384 3628507087 277570.57 7993            2384                  1               0 1860
5   138205.82 G1800430  1800430  384124870  0.9901099 18601800430     20183  384124711  97161.34 6421           20183                757               0 1860
6   267627.05 G2400390  2400390 1431079262  8.6565579 18602400390     24992 1431078618 858450.27 6823           24992               4571            5089 1860
7   -55897.11 G2902070  2902070 2146349046  2.5659661 18602902070      7877 2146349693 248079.27 7130            7877                  3             215 1860
8   970045.71 G2701535  2701535 2326613620  3.0139871 18602701535        40 2326613051 271686.07 6962              40                  0               0 1860
9   365232.81 G1000010  1000010 1548770811  2.1582075 18601000010     27804 1548770166 219894.03 6125           27804               7271             203 1860
10  654944.87 G2600990  2600990 1250599394  1.9159633 18602600990     22843 1250598939 184406.28 6876           22843                 63               0 1860
   freeTotalPopulation slavePercentage freeAfAmPercentage freeTotalPercentage slaveDensity freeAfAmDensity totalDensity freeTotalDensity
1                  653            0.00               0.00              100.00         0.00            0.00         1.12             1.12
2                17187            0.00               0.37              100.00         0.00            0.16        42.78            42.78
3                 4590            1.27               0.26               98.73         0.11            0.02         8.49             8.39
4                 2384            0.00               0.04              100.00         0.00            0.00         1.70             1.70
5                20183            0.00               3.75              100.00         0.00            5.10       136.09           136.09
6                19903           20.36              18.29               79.64         9.21            8.27        45.23            36.02
7                 7662            2.73               0.04               97.27         0.26            0.00         9.51             9.25
8                   40            0.00               0.00              100.00         0.00            0.00         0.04             0.04
9                27601            0.73              26.15               99.27         0.34           12.16        46.50            46.16
10               22843            0.00               0.28              100.00         0.00            0.13        47.31            47.31
                         geometry
1  POLYGON ((-93.49862 42.9084...
2  POLYGON ((-84.22265 40.6641...
3  POLYGON ((-95.37389 40.5804...
4  POLYGON ((-122.2414 46.2175...
5  POLYGON ((-85.7991 38.39019...
6  MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.70964 3...
7  POLYGON ((-89.76445 37.1220...
8  POLYGON ((-96.65624 46.4567...
9  MULTIPOLYGON (((-75.50527 3...
10 POLYGON ((-82.70533 42.6866...
  1. Create the map:
    • You will have an initial tm_shape line paired with a tm_polygons line to visualize the “slavePercentage” attribute
    • You will have a second tm_shape line paired with a tm_dots line to visualize the “Tracking Status” attribute from the points sf object
    • The rest is (formatting) gravy…
tmap_mode("view")
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
map1_heritage <- tm_shape(map_heritage_1) + tm_polygons(map_heritage_1)

map1_heritage <- tm_shape(map_heritage_1, name = "slaveDensity") + 
  tm_polygons(col = "slavePercentage", palette = c("lightyellow", "darkorchid4"), 
              colorNA = "white",
              textNA = "No Data Available", 
              title = "Percentage", 
              id = "NAME") 
map1_heritage
#combining the data
 st_heritage <- tibble(state = state.name) %>%
   bind_cols(tibble(abb = state.abb)) 

map_heritage_2 <- left_join(st_heritage, whoseheritage_data1, by = c("abb" = "State"))


map_heritage_3 <- left_join(map_heritage_2, map_heritage_1, by = c("state" = "STATENAM"))
Warning: Detected an unexpected many-to-many relationship between `x` and `y`.
class(map_heritage_3)
[1] "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"
map_heritage_3 <- map_heritage_3 %>% st_as_sf(.)

class(map_heritage_3)
[1] "sf"         "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"
map_heritage_4 <- map_heritage_3[!duplicated(map_heritage_3$Latitude), ]

map_heritage_4<- map_heritage_4 %>% tidyr::drop_na(slaveDensity)

tmap_mode("view")
tmap mode set to interactive viewing
map2_heritage <- tm_shape(map_heritage_4, name = "slaveDensity") + tm_dots(col = "Tracking Status", size = 0.2, shape=19)
map2_heritage
# combining the maps
map_final <- map1_heritage + tm_shape(map_heritage_4, name = "slaveDensity") + tm_dots(col = "Tracking Status", size = 0.2, shape=19, clustering = TRUE)
map_final

In areas that had higher percentage of enslaved populations in the year 1860, is both where the most confederate monuments were established, in the clustering of the map, it shows over 2,000 monuments in the South East United States, and far less in the North East and West. Most of these monuments are live, with few being either renamed or just the pedestal remaining. The most recent monument was dedicated in 2021, but states in the Midwest (i.e., Indiana, Kentucky, etc.) seem to be leading the effort to remove the monuments.

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