Analysis of Penguins dataset
Shah Nawaz
24/03/2022
1. Loading a data frame
The Palmer penguins data contains size measurements for three penguin species observed on three islands in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. This data is thought to be an alternative to using the iris dataset – a very widely used dataset first published in work by R A Fisher, a eugenicist with vile and harmful views on race.
- Load the penguins dataframe by running the code chunk below
penguins <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/master/data/2020/2020-07-28/penguins.csv")
penguins <- na.omit(penguins) #drops the rows with NA values- Use the
head()function to verify that the data loaded correctly.
head(penguins)## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181 3750
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186 3800
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18.0 195 3250
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193 3450
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190 3650
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181 3625
## sex year
## 1 male 2007
## 2 female 2007
## 3 female 2007
## 5 female 2007
## 6 male 2007
## 7 female 2007- Use the
str()to get more information about the variables in the penguins dataframe.
str(penguins)## 'data.frame': 333 obs. of 8 variables:
## $ species : chr "Adelie" "Adelie" "Adelie" "Adelie" ...
## $ island : chr "Torgersen" "Torgersen" "Torgersen" "Torgersen" ...
## $ bill_length_mm : num 39.1 39.5 40.3 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 41.1 38.6 34.6 ...
## $ bill_depth_mm : num 18.7 17.4 18 19.3 20.6 17.8 19.6 17.6 21.2 21.1 ...
## $ flipper_length_mm: int 181 186 195 193 190 181 195 182 191 198 ...
## $ body_mass_g : int 3750 3800 3250 3450 3650 3625 4675 3200 3800 4400 ...
## $ sex : chr "male" "female" "female" "female" ...
## $ year : int 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 ...
## - attr(*, "na.action")= 'omit' Named int [1:11] 4 9 10 11 12 48 179 219 257 269 ...
## ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:11] "4" "9" "10" "11" ...d. Which of the variables in the penguins dataframe are quantitative? List them here.
bill_lenghth_mm , bill+septh_mm , flipper_length_mm, body mass_g #e. List the qualitative variables in the penguins dataframe. Species, Iseland , Sex
#f. Which of your qualitative variables can be converted into factors? Species, Iseland , Sex
#g. Convert those qualitative variables into factors
gender.f <- factor(penguins$sex , labels = c("male", "female"))
is.factor(gender.f)## [1] TRUEisland.f <- factor(penguins$island , labels = c("Torgersen", "Biscoe", "Dream"))
is.factor(island.f)## [1] TRUESpecies.f <- factor(penguins$species , labels = c("Adelie", "
Gentoo", "Chinstrap"))
is.factor(Species.f)## [1] TRUE#h. Check the structure of the variables to verify they are properly coded.
str(gender.f)## Factor w/ 2 levels "male","female": 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 ...#str(species.f)
str(island.f)## Factor w/ 3 levels "Torgersen","Biscoe",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...#i. What are the levels of the variable island?
levels(island.f)## [1] "Torgersen" "Biscoe" "Dream"#j. Which island has the most penguins?
island.f.freq = table(island.f)
island.f.freq## island.f
## Torgersen Biscoe Dream
## 163 123 47Torgersen has the most penguins #k. Create a two-way table of island and species. Which combination has the most penguins?
data <- table(penguins$island, penguins$species)
data##
## Adelie Chinstrap Gentoo
## Biscoe 44 0 119
## Dream 55 68 0
## Torgersen 47 0 0In Bisco island most of the penguins belongs from Gentoo speci #l. Create subsets based on the penguin species.
v1 <- subset(penguins, penguins$species == "Adelie")
v2 <- subset(penguins, penguins$species == "Chinstrap")
v3 <- subset(penguins, penguins$species == "Gentoo")- Verify each subset was created correctly.
v1## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm
## 1 Adelie Torgersen 39.1 18.7 181
## 2 Adelie Torgersen 39.5 17.4 186
## 3 Adelie Torgersen 40.3 18.0 195
## 5 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 19.3 193
## 6 Adelie Torgersen 39.3 20.6 190
## 7 Adelie Torgersen 38.9 17.8 181
## 8 Adelie Torgersen 39.2 19.6 195
## 13 Adelie Torgersen 41.1 17.6 182
## 14 Adelie Torgersen 38.6 21.2 191
## 15 Adelie Torgersen 34.6 21.1 198
## 16 Adelie Torgersen 36.6 17.8 185
## 17 Adelie Torgersen 38.7 19.0 195
## 18 Adelie Torgersen 42.5 20.7 197
## 19 Adelie Torgersen 34.4 18.4 184
## 20 Adelie Torgersen 46.0 21.5 194
## 21 Adelie Biscoe 37.8 18.3 174
## 22 Adelie Biscoe 37.7 18.7 180
## 23 Adelie Biscoe 35.9 19.2 189
## 24 Adelie Biscoe 38.2 18.1 185
## 25 Adelie Biscoe 38.8 17.2 180
## 26 Adelie Biscoe 35.3 18.9 187
## 27 Adelie Biscoe 40.6 18.6 183
## 28 Adelie Biscoe 40.5 17.9 187
## 29 Adelie Biscoe 37.9 18.6 172
## 30 Adelie Biscoe 40.5 18.9 180
## 31 Adelie Dream 39.5 16.7 178
## 32 Adelie Dream 37.2 18.1 178
## 33 Adelie Dream 39.5 17.8 188
## 34 Adelie Dream 40.9 18.9 184
## 35 Adelie Dream 36.4 17.0 195
## 36 Adelie Dream 39.2 21.1 196
## 37 Adelie Dream 38.8 20.0 190
## 38 Adelie Dream 42.2 18.5 180
## 39 Adelie Dream 37.6 19.3 181
## 40 Adelie Dream 39.8 19.1 184
## 41 Adelie Dream 36.5 18.0 182
## 42 Adelie Dream 40.8 18.4 195
## 43 Adelie Dream 36.0 18.5 186
## 44 Adelie Dream 44.1 19.7 196
## 45 Adelie Dream 37.0 16.9 185
## 46 Adelie Dream 39.6 18.8 190
## 47 Adelie Dream 41.1 19.0 182
## 49 Adelie Dream 36.0 17.9 190
## 50 Adelie Dream 42.3 21.2 191
## 51 Adelie Biscoe 39.6 17.7 186
## 52 Adelie Biscoe 40.1 18.9 188
## 53 Adelie Biscoe 35.0 17.9 190
## 54 Adelie Biscoe 42.0 19.5 200
## 55 Adelie Biscoe 34.5 18.1 187
## 56 Adelie Biscoe 41.4 18.6 191
## 57 Adelie Biscoe 39.0 17.5 186
## 58 Adelie Biscoe 40.6 18.8 193
## 59 Adelie Biscoe 36.5 16.6 181
## 60 Adelie Biscoe 37.6 19.1 194
## 61 Adelie Biscoe 35.7 16.9 185
## 62 Adelie Biscoe 41.3 21.1 195
## 63 Adelie Biscoe 37.6 17.0 185
## 64 Adelie Biscoe 41.1 18.2 192
## 65 Adelie Biscoe 36.4 17.1 184
## 66 Adelie Biscoe 41.6 18.0 192
## 67 Adelie Biscoe 35.5 16.2 195
## 68 Adelie Biscoe 41.1 19.1 188
## 69 Adelie Torgersen 35.9 16.6 190
## 70 Adelie Torgersen 41.8 19.4 198
## 71 Adelie Torgersen 33.5 19.0 190
## 72 Adelie Torgersen 39.7 18.4 190
## 73 Adelie Torgersen 39.6 17.2 196
## 74 Adelie Torgersen 45.8 18.9 197
## 75 Adelie Torgersen 35.5 17.5 190
## 76 Adelie Torgersen 42.8 18.5 195
## 77 Adelie Torgersen 40.9 16.8 191
## 78 Adelie Torgersen 37.2 19.4 184
## 79 Adelie Torgersen 36.2 16.1 187
## 80 Adelie Torgersen 42.1 19.1 195
## 81 Adelie Torgersen 34.6 17.2 189
## 82 Adelie Torgersen 42.9 17.6 196
## 83 Adelie Torgersen 36.7 18.8 187
## 84 Adelie Torgersen 35.1 19.4 193
## 85 Adelie Dream 37.3 17.8 191
## 86 Adelie Dream 41.3 20.3 194
## 87 Adelie Dream 36.3 19.5 190
## 88 Adelie Dream 36.9 18.6 189
## 89 Adelie Dream 38.3 19.2 189
## 90 Adelie Dream 38.9 18.8 190
## 91 Adelie Dream 35.7 18.0 202
## 92 Adelie Dream 41.1 18.1 205
## 93 Adelie Dream 34.0 17.1 185
## 94 Adelie Dream 39.6 18.1 186
## 95 Adelie Dream 36.2 17.3 187
## 96 Adelie Dream 40.8 18.9 208
## 97 Adelie Dream 38.1 18.6 190
## 98 Adelie Dream 40.3 18.5 196
## 99 Adelie Dream 33.1 16.1 178
## 100 Adelie Dream 43.2 18.5 192
## 101 Adelie Biscoe 35.0 17.9 192
## 102 Adelie Biscoe 41.0 20.0 203
## 103 Adelie Biscoe 37.7 16.0 183
## 104 Adelie Biscoe 37.8 20.0 190
## 105 Adelie Biscoe 37.9 18.6 193
## 106 Adelie Biscoe 39.7 18.9 184
## 107 Adelie Biscoe 38.6 17.2 199
## 108 Adelie Biscoe 38.2 20.0 190
## 109 Adelie Biscoe 38.1 17.0 181
## 110 Adelie Biscoe 43.2 19.0 197
## 111 Adelie Biscoe 38.1 16.5 198
## 112 Adelie Biscoe 45.6 20.3 191
## 113 Adelie Biscoe 39.7 17.7 193
## 114 Adelie Biscoe 42.2 19.5 197
## 115 Adelie Biscoe 39.6 20.7 191
## 116 Adelie Biscoe 42.7 18.3 196
## 117 Adelie Torgersen 38.6 17.0 188
## 118 Adelie Torgersen 37.3 20.5 199
## 119 Adelie Torgersen 35.7 17.0 189
## 120 Adelie Torgersen 41.1 18.6 189
## 121 Adelie Torgersen 36.2 17.2 187
## 122 Adelie Torgersen 37.7 19.8 198
## 123 Adelie Torgersen 40.2 17.0 176
## 124 Adelie Torgersen 41.4 18.5 202
## 125 Adelie Torgersen 35.2 15.9 186
## 126 Adelie Torgersen 40.6 19.0 199
## 127 Adelie Torgersen 38.8 17.6 191
## 128 Adelie Torgersen 41.5 18.3 195
## 129 Adelie Torgersen 39.0 17.1 191
## 130 Adelie Torgersen 44.1 18.0 210
## 131 Adelie Torgersen 38.5 17.9 190
## 132 Adelie Torgersen 43.1 19.2 197
## 133 Adelie Dream 36.8 18.5 193
## 134 Adelie Dream 37.5 18.5 199
## 135 Adelie Dream 38.1 17.6 187
## 136 Adelie Dream 41.1 17.5 190
## 137 Adelie Dream 35.6 17.5 191
## 138 Adelie Dream 40.2 20.1 200
## 139 Adelie Dream 37.0 16.5 185
## 140 Adelie Dream 39.7 17.9 193
## 141 Adelie Dream 40.2 17.1 193
## 142 Adelie Dream 40.6 17.2 187
## 143 Adelie Dream 32.1 15.5 188
## 144 Adelie Dream 40.7 17.0 190
## 145 Adelie Dream 37.3 16.8 192
## 146 Adelie Dream 39.0 18.7 185
## 147 Adelie Dream 39.2 18.6 190
## 148 Adelie Dream 36.6 18.4 184
## 149 Adelie Dream 36.0 17.8 195
## 150 Adelie Dream 37.8 18.1 193
## 151 Adelie Dream 36.0 17.1 187
## 152 Adelie Dream 41.5 18.5 201
## body_mass_g sex year
## 1 3750 male 2007
## 2 3800 female 2007
## 3 3250 female 2007
## 5 3450 female 2007
## 6 3650 male 2007
## 7 3625 female 2007
## 8 4675 male 2007
## 13 3200 female 2007
## 14 3800 male 2007
## 15 4400 male 2007
## 16 3700 female 2007
## 17 3450 female 2007
## 18 4500 male 2007
## 19 3325 female 2007
## 20 4200 male 2007
## 21 3400 female 2007
## 22 3600 male 2007
## 23 3800 female 2007
## 24 3950 male 2007
## 25 3800 male 2007
## 26 3800 female 2007
## 27 3550 male 2007
## 28 3200 female 2007
## 29 3150 female 2007
## 30 3950 male 2007
## 31 3250 female 2007
## 32 3900 male 2007
## 33 3300 female 2007
## 34 3900 male 2007
## 35 3325 female 2007
## 36 4150 male 2007
## 37 3950 male 2007
## 38 3550 female 2007
## 39 3300 female 2007
## 40 4650 male 2007
## 41 3150 female 2007
## 42 3900 male 2007
## 43 3100 female 2007
## 44 4400 male 2007
## 45 3000 female 2007
## 46 4600 male 2007
## 47 3425 male 2007
## 49 3450 female 2007
## 50 4150 male 2007
## 51 3500 female 2008
## 52 4300 male 2008
## 53 3450 female 2008
## 54 4050 male 2008
## 55 2900 female 2008
## 56 3700 male 2008
## 57 3550 female 2008
## 58 3800 male 2008
## 59 2850 female 2008
## 60 3750 male 2008
## 61 3150 female 2008
## 62 4400 male 2008
## 63 3600 female 2008
## 64 4050 male 2008
## 65 2850 female 2008
## 66 3950 male 2008
## 67 3350 female 2008
## 68 4100 male 2008
## 69 3050 female 2008
## 70 4450 male 2008
## 71 3600 female 2008
## 72 3900 male 2008
## 73 3550 female 2008
## 74 4150 male 2008
## 75 3700 female 2008
## 76 4250 male 2008
## 77 3700 female 2008
## 78 3900 male 2008
## 79 3550 female 2008
## 80 4000 male 2008
## 81 3200 female 2008
## 82 4700 male 2008
## 83 3800 female 2008
## 84 4200 male 2008
## 85 3350 female 2008
## 86 3550 male 2008
## 87 3800 male 2008
## 88 3500 female 2008
## 89 3950 male 2008
## 90 3600 female 2008
## 91 3550 female 2008
## 92 4300 male 2008
## 93 3400 female 2008
## 94 4450 male 2008
## 95 3300 female 2008
## 96 4300 male 2008
## 97 3700 female 2008
## 98 4350 male 2008
## 99 2900 female 2008
## 100 4100 male 2008
## 101 3725 female 2009
## 102 4725 male 2009
## 103 3075 female 2009
## 104 4250 male 2009
## 105 2925 female 2009
## 106 3550 male 2009
## 107 3750 female 2009
## 108 3900 male 2009
## 109 3175 female 2009
## 110 4775 male 2009
## 111 3825 female 2009
## 112 4600 male 2009
## 113 3200 female 2009
## 114 4275 male 2009
## 115 3900 female 2009
## 116 4075 male 2009
## 117 2900 female 2009
## 118 3775 male 2009
## 119 3350 female 2009
## 120 3325 male 2009
## 121 3150 female 2009
## 122 3500 male 2009
## 123 3450 female 2009
## 124 3875 male 2009
## 125 3050 female 2009
## 126 4000 male 2009
## 127 3275 female 2009
## 128 4300 male 2009
## 129 3050 female 2009
## 130 4000 male 2009
## 131 3325 female 2009
## 132 3500 male 2009
## 133 3500 female 2009
## 134 4475 male 2009
## 135 3425 female 2009
## 136 3900 male 2009
## 137 3175 female 2009
## 138 3975 male 2009
## 139 3400 female 2009
## 140 4250 male 2009
## 141 3400 female 2009
## 142 3475 male 2009
## 143 3050 female 2009
## 144 3725 male 2009
## 145 3000 female 2009
## 146 3650 male 2009
## 147 4250 male 2009
## 148 3475 female 2009
## 149 3450 female 2009
## 150 3750 male 2009
## 151 3700 female 2009
## 152 4000 male 2009v2## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## 277 Chinstrap Dream 46.5 17.9 192 3500
## 278 Chinstrap Dream 50.0 19.5 196 3900
## 279 Chinstrap Dream 51.3 19.2 193 3650
## 280 Chinstrap Dream 45.4 18.7 188 3525
## 281 Chinstrap Dream 52.7 19.8 197 3725
## 282 Chinstrap Dream 45.2 17.8 198 3950
## 283 Chinstrap Dream 46.1 18.2 178 3250
## 284 Chinstrap Dream 51.3 18.2 197 3750
## 285 Chinstrap Dream 46.0 18.9 195 4150
## 286 Chinstrap Dream 51.3 19.9 198 3700
## 287 Chinstrap Dream 46.6 17.8 193 3800
## 288 Chinstrap Dream 51.7 20.3 194 3775
## 289 Chinstrap Dream 47.0 17.3 185 3700
## 290 Chinstrap Dream 52.0 18.1 201 4050
## 291 Chinstrap Dream 45.9 17.1 190 3575
## 292 Chinstrap Dream 50.5 19.6 201 4050
## 293 Chinstrap Dream 50.3 20.0 197 3300
## 294 Chinstrap Dream 58.0 17.8 181 3700
## 295 Chinstrap Dream 46.4 18.6 190 3450
## 296 Chinstrap Dream 49.2 18.2 195 4400
## 297 Chinstrap Dream 42.4 17.3 181 3600
## 298 Chinstrap Dream 48.5 17.5 191 3400
## 299 Chinstrap Dream 43.2 16.6 187 2900
## 300 Chinstrap Dream 50.6 19.4 193 3800
## 301 Chinstrap Dream 46.7 17.9 195 3300
## 302 Chinstrap Dream 52.0 19.0 197 4150
## 303 Chinstrap Dream 50.5 18.4 200 3400
## 304 Chinstrap Dream 49.5 19.0 200 3800
## 305 Chinstrap Dream 46.4 17.8 191 3700
## 306 Chinstrap Dream 52.8 20.0 205 4550
## 307 Chinstrap Dream 40.9 16.6 187 3200
## 308 Chinstrap Dream 54.2 20.8 201 4300
## 309 Chinstrap Dream 42.5 16.7 187 3350
## 310 Chinstrap Dream 51.0 18.8 203 4100
## 311 Chinstrap Dream 49.7 18.6 195 3600
## 312 Chinstrap Dream 47.5 16.8 199 3900
## 313 Chinstrap Dream 47.6 18.3 195 3850
## 314 Chinstrap Dream 52.0 20.7 210 4800
## 315 Chinstrap Dream 46.9 16.6 192 2700
## 316 Chinstrap Dream 53.5 19.9 205 4500
## 317 Chinstrap Dream 49.0 19.5 210 3950
## 318 Chinstrap Dream 46.2 17.5 187 3650
## 319 Chinstrap Dream 50.9 19.1 196 3550
## 320 Chinstrap Dream 45.5 17.0 196 3500
## 321 Chinstrap Dream 50.9 17.9 196 3675
## 322 Chinstrap Dream 50.8 18.5 201 4450
## 323 Chinstrap Dream 50.1 17.9 190 3400
## 324 Chinstrap Dream 49.0 19.6 212 4300
## 325 Chinstrap Dream 51.5 18.7 187 3250
## 326 Chinstrap Dream 49.8 17.3 198 3675
## 327 Chinstrap Dream 48.1 16.4 199 3325
## 328 Chinstrap Dream 51.4 19.0 201 3950
## 329 Chinstrap Dream 45.7 17.3 193 3600
## 330 Chinstrap Dream 50.7 19.7 203 4050
## 331 Chinstrap Dream 42.5 17.3 187 3350
## 332 Chinstrap Dream 52.2 18.8 197 3450
## 333 Chinstrap Dream 45.2 16.6 191 3250
## 334 Chinstrap Dream 49.3 19.9 203 4050
## 335 Chinstrap Dream 50.2 18.8 202 3800
## 336 Chinstrap Dream 45.6 19.4 194 3525
## 337 Chinstrap Dream 51.9 19.5 206 3950
## 338 Chinstrap Dream 46.8 16.5 189 3650
## 339 Chinstrap Dream 45.7 17.0 195 3650
## 340 Chinstrap Dream 55.8 19.8 207 4000
## 341 Chinstrap Dream 43.5 18.1 202 3400
## 342 Chinstrap Dream 49.6 18.2 193 3775
## 343 Chinstrap Dream 50.8 19.0 210 4100
## 344 Chinstrap Dream 50.2 18.7 198 3775
## sex year
## 277 female 2007
## 278 male 2007
## 279 male 2007
## 280 female 2007
## 281 male 2007
## 282 female 2007
## 283 female 2007
## 284 male 2007
## 285 female 2007
## 286 male 2007
## 287 female 2007
## 288 male 2007
## 289 female 2007
## 290 male 2007
## 291 female 2007
## 292 male 2007
## 293 male 2007
## 294 female 2007
## 295 female 2007
## 296 male 2007
## 297 female 2007
## 298 male 2007
## 299 female 2007
## 300 male 2007
## 301 female 2007
## 302 male 2007
## 303 female 2008
## 304 male 2008
## 305 female 2008
## 306 male 2008
## 307 female 2008
## 308 male 2008
## 309 female 2008
## 310 male 2008
## 311 male 2008
## 312 female 2008
## 313 female 2008
## 314 male 2008
## 315 female 2008
## 316 male 2008
## 317 male 2008
## 318 female 2008
## 319 male 2008
## 320 female 2008
## 321 female 2009
## 322 male 2009
## 323 female 2009
## 324 male 2009
## 325 male 2009
## 326 female 2009
## 327 female 2009
## 328 male 2009
## 329 female 2009
## 330 male 2009
## 331 female 2009
## 332 male 2009
## 333 female 2009
## 334 male 2009
## 335 male 2009
## 336 female 2009
## 337 male 2009
## 338 female 2009
## 339 female 2009
## 340 male 2009
## 341 female 2009
## 342 male 2009
## 343 male 2009
## 344 female 2009v3## species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g
## 153 Gentoo Biscoe 46.1 13.2 211 4500
## 154 Gentoo Biscoe 50.0 16.3 230 5700
## 155 Gentoo Biscoe 48.7 14.1 210 4450
## 156 Gentoo Biscoe 50.0 15.2 218 5700
## 157 Gentoo Biscoe 47.6 14.5 215 5400
## 158 Gentoo Biscoe 46.5 13.5 210 4550
## 159 Gentoo Biscoe 45.4 14.6 211 4800
## 160 Gentoo Biscoe 46.7 15.3 219 5200
## 161 Gentoo Biscoe 43.3 13.4 209 4400
## 162 Gentoo Biscoe 46.8 15.4 215 5150
## 163 Gentoo Biscoe 40.9 13.7 214 4650
## 164 Gentoo Biscoe 49.0 16.1 216 5550
## 165 Gentoo Biscoe 45.5 13.7 214 4650
## 166 Gentoo Biscoe 48.4 14.6 213 5850
## 167 Gentoo Biscoe 45.8 14.6 210 4200
## 168 Gentoo Biscoe 49.3 15.7 217 5850
## 169 Gentoo Biscoe 42.0 13.5 210 4150
## 170 Gentoo Biscoe 49.2 15.2 221 6300
## 171 Gentoo Biscoe 46.2 14.5 209 4800
## 172 Gentoo Biscoe 48.7 15.1 222 5350
## 173 Gentoo Biscoe 50.2 14.3 218 5700
## 174 Gentoo Biscoe 45.1 14.5 215 5000
## 175 Gentoo Biscoe 46.5 14.5 213 4400
## 176 Gentoo Biscoe 46.3 15.8 215 5050
## 177 Gentoo Biscoe 42.9 13.1 215 5000
## 178 Gentoo Biscoe 46.1 15.1 215 5100
## 180 Gentoo Biscoe 47.8 15.0 215 5650
## 181 Gentoo Biscoe 48.2 14.3 210 4600
## 182 Gentoo Biscoe 50.0 15.3 220 5550
## 183 Gentoo Biscoe 47.3 15.3 222 5250
## 184 Gentoo Biscoe 42.8 14.2 209 4700
## 185 Gentoo Biscoe 45.1 14.5 207 5050
## 186 Gentoo Biscoe 59.6 17.0 230 6050
## 187 Gentoo Biscoe 49.1 14.8 220 5150
## 188 Gentoo Biscoe 48.4 16.3 220 5400
## 189 Gentoo Biscoe 42.6 13.7 213 4950
## 190 Gentoo Biscoe 44.4 17.3 219 5250
## 191 Gentoo Biscoe 44.0 13.6 208 4350
## 192 Gentoo Biscoe 48.7 15.7 208 5350
## 193 Gentoo Biscoe 42.7 13.7 208 3950
## 194 Gentoo Biscoe 49.6 16.0 225 5700
## 195 Gentoo Biscoe 45.3 13.7 210 4300
## 196 Gentoo Biscoe 49.6 15.0 216 4750
## 197 Gentoo Biscoe 50.5 15.9 222 5550
## 198 Gentoo Biscoe 43.6 13.9 217 4900
## 199 Gentoo Biscoe 45.5 13.9 210 4200
## 200 Gentoo Biscoe 50.5 15.9 225 5400
## 201 Gentoo Biscoe 44.9 13.3 213 5100
## 202 Gentoo Biscoe 45.2 15.8 215 5300
## 203 Gentoo Biscoe 46.6 14.2 210 4850
## 204 Gentoo Biscoe 48.5 14.1 220 5300
## 205 Gentoo Biscoe 45.1 14.4 210 4400
## 206 Gentoo Biscoe 50.1 15.0 225 5000
## 207 Gentoo Biscoe 46.5 14.4 217 4900
## 208 Gentoo Biscoe 45.0 15.4 220 5050
## 209 Gentoo Biscoe 43.8 13.9 208 4300
## 210 Gentoo Biscoe 45.5 15.0 220 5000
## 211 Gentoo Biscoe 43.2 14.5 208 4450
## 212 Gentoo Biscoe 50.4 15.3 224 5550
## 213 Gentoo Biscoe 45.3 13.8 208 4200
## 214 Gentoo Biscoe 46.2 14.9 221 5300
## 215 Gentoo Biscoe 45.7 13.9 214 4400
## 216 Gentoo Biscoe 54.3 15.7 231 5650
## 217 Gentoo Biscoe 45.8 14.2 219 4700
## 218 Gentoo Biscoe 49.8 16.8 230 5700
## 220 Gentoo Biscoe 49.5 16.2 229 5800
## 221 Gentoo Biscoe 43.5 14.2 220 4700
## 222 Gentoo Biscoe 50.7 15.0 223 5550
## 223 Gentoo Biscoe 47.7 15.0 216 4750
## 224 Gentoo Biscoe 46.4 15.6 221 5000
## 225 Gentoo Biscoe 48.2 15.6 221 5100
## 226 Gentoo Biscoe 46.5 14.8 217 5200
## 227 Gentoo Biscoe 46.4 15.0 216 4700
## 228 Gentoo Biscoe 48.6 16.0 230 5800
## 229 Gentoo Biscoe 47.5 14.2 209 4600
## 230 Gentoo Biscoe 51.1 16.3 220 6000
## 231 Gentoo Biscoe 45.2 13.8 215 4750
## 232 Gentoo Biscoe 45.2 16.4 223 5950
## 233 Gentoo Biscoe 49.1 14.5 212 4625
## 234 Gentoo Biscoe 52.5 15.6 221 5450
## 235 Gentoo Biscoe 47.4 14.6 212 4725
## 236 Gentoo Biscoe 50.0 15.9 224 5350
## 237 Gentoo Biscoe 44.9 13.8 212 4750
## 238 Gentoo Biscoe 50.8 17.3 228 5600
## 239 Gentoo Biscoe 43.4 14.4 218 4600
## 240 Gentoo Biscoe 51.3 14.2 218 5300
## 241 Gentoo Biscoe 47.5 14.0 212 4875
## 242 Gentoo Biscoe 52.1 17.0 230 5550
## 243 Gentoo Biscoe 47.5 15.0 218 4950
## 244 Gentoo Biscoe 52.2 17.1 228 5400
## 245 Gentoo Biscoe 45.5 14.5 212 4750
## 246 Gentoo Biscoe 49.5 16.1 224 5650
## 247 Gentoo Biscoe 44.5 14.7 214 4850
## 248 Gentoo Biscoe 50.8 15.7 226 5200
## 249 Gentoo Biscoe 49.4 15.8 216 4925
## 250 Gentoo Biscoe 46.9 14.6 222 4875
## 251 Gentoo Biscoe 48.4 14.4 203 4625
## 252 Gentoo Biscoe 51.1 16.5 225 5250
## 253 Gentoo Biscoe 48.5 15.0 219 4850
## 254 Gentoo Biscoe 55.9 17.0 228 5600
## 255 Gentoo Biscoe 47.2 15.5 215 4975
## 256 Gentoo Biscoe 49.1 15.0 228 5500
## 258 Gentoo Biscoe 46.8 16.1 215 5500
## 259 Gentoo Biscoe 41.7 14.7 210 4700
## 260 Gentoo Biscoe 53.4 15.8 219 5500
## 261 Gentoo Biscoe 43.3 14.0 208 4575
## 262 Gentoo Biscoe 48.1 15.1 209 5500
## 263 Gentoo Biscoe 50.5 15.2 216 5000
## 264 Gentoo Biscoe 49.8 15.9 229 5950
## 265 Gentoo Biscoe 43.5 15.2 213 4650
## 266 Gentoo Biscoe 51.5 16.3 230 5500
## 267 Gentoo Biscoe 46.2 14.1 217 4375
## 268 Gentoo Biscoe 55.1 16.0 230 5850
## 270 Gentoo Biscoe 48.8 16.2 222 6000
## 271 Gentoo Biscoe 47.2 13.7 214 4925
## 273 Gentoo Biscoe 46.8 14.3 215 4850
## 274 Gentoo Biscoe 50.4 15.7 222 5750
## 275 Gentoo Biscoe 45.2 14.8 212 5200
## 276 Gentoo Biscoe 49.9 16.1 213 5400
## sex year
## 153 female 2007
## 154 male 2007
## 155 female 2007
## 156 male 2007
## 157 male 2007
## 158 female 2007
## 159 female 2007
## 160 male 2007
## 161 female 2007
## 162 male 2007
## 163 female 2007
## 164 male 2007
## 165 female 2007
## 166 male 2007
## 167 female 2007
## 168 male 2007
## 169 female 2007
## 170 male 2007
## 171 female 2007
## 172 male 2007
## 173 male 2007
## 174 female 2007
## 175 female 2007
## 176 male 2007
## 177 female 2007
## 178 male 2007
## 180 male 2007
## 181 female 2007
## 182 male 2007
## 183 male 2007
## 184 female 2007
## 185 female 2007
## 186 male 2007
## 187 female 2008
## 188 male 2008
## 189 female 2008
## 190 male 2008
## 191 female 2008
## 192 male 2008
## 193 female 2008
## 194 male 2008
## 195 female 2008
## 196 male 2008
## 197 male 2008
## 198 female 2008
## 199 female 2008
## 200 male 2008
## 201 female 2008
## 202 male 2008
## 203 female 2008
## 204 male 2008
## 205 female 2008
## 206 male 2008
## 207 female 2008
## 208 male 2008
## 209 female 2008
## 210 male 2008
## 211 female 2008
## 212 male 2008
## 213 female 2008
## 214 male 2008
## 215 female 2008
## 216 male 2008
## 217 female 2008
## 218 male 2008
## 220 male 2008
## 221 female 2008
## 222 male 2008
## 223 female 2008
## 224 male 2008
## 225 male 2008
## 226 female 2008
## 227 female 2008
## 228 male 2008
## 229 female 2008
## 230 male 2008
## 231 female 2008
## 232 male 2008
## 233 female 2009
## 234 male 2009
## 235 female 2009
## 236 male 2009
## 237 female 2009
## 238 male 2009
## 239 female 2009
## 240 male 2009
## 241 female 2009
## 242 male 2009
## 243 female 2009
## 244 male 2009
## 245 female 2009
## 246 male 2009
## 247 female 2009
## 248 male 2009
## 249 male 2009
## 250 female 2009
## 251 female 2009
## 252 male 2009
## 253 female 2009
## 254 male 2009
## 255 female 2009
## 256 male 2009
## 258 male 2009
## 259 female 2009
## 260 male 2009
## 261 female 2009
## 262 male 2009
## 263 female 2009
## 264 male 2009
## 265 female 2009
## 266 male 2009
## 267 female 2009
## 268 male 2009
## 270 male 2009
## 271 female 2009
## 273 female 2009
## 274 male 2009
## 275 female 2009
## 276 male 2009- Find the mean bill length (in mm) of each subset
mean(penguins$bill_length_mm)## [1] 43.99279- On average, which penguins species has the longest bill length (as measured in mm)
mean(v1$bill_length_mm)## [1] 38.82397mean(v2$bill_length_mm)## [1] 48.83382mean(v3$bill_length_mm)## [1] 47.56807Chinstrap has the longest bill lenghth
- Find the median bill length of each subset
median(v1$bill_length_mm)## [1] 38.85median(v2$bill_length_mm)## [1] 49.55median(v3$bill_length_mm)## [1] 47.42. Visualizing our data
Create three histograms visualizing the distributions of the bill length (in mm) for each species. Do not forget to label the title, x-axis, and y-axis for each graph.
hist(v1$bill_length_mm)
hist(v2$bill_length_mm)
hist(v3$bill_length_mm)
4.
Run the following code chunk to create a box plot of the body mass of each penguin species.
# Boxplot of body mass (in g) by penguin species
boxplot(body_mass_g ~ species,
data = penguins,
main="Body Mass (in g) by Penguin Species",
xlab="Penguin Species",
ylab="Body Mass (in g)",
col = c('coral', 'coral2', 'coral3'))
Based on the boxplot of Body Mass by Penguin Species, answer the following items:
- On average, which species of penguin has the largest body mass? Chinstrap
- Which species of penguins has outliers in its calculations? Chinstrap
- Not including outliers, which species of penguin has the least amount of variability? Gento
- Not including outliers, which species of penguin has the smallest IQR? Chinstrap