Exploratory Analysis

Warning in left_join(bond_indices, emissions_dataset_2019, by = c("iso3c")): Each row in `x` is expected to match at most 1 row in `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `x` matches multiple rows.
ℹ If multiple matches are expected, set `multiple = "all"` to silence this
  warning.

First Visualization

Developed markets are more carbon intensive than emerging markets from consumption, trade, cumulative perspectives.

Warning: There were 2 warnings in `mutate()`.
The first warning was:
ℹ In argument: `region = countrycode(iso3c, origin = "iso3c", destination =
  "un.region.name")`.
Caused by warning in `countrycode_convert()`:
! Some values were not matched unambiguously: TWN
ℹ Run `dplyr::last_dplyr_warnings()` to see the 1 remaining warning.

Warning in left_join(left_join(mutate(rename(left_join(bis_gov_securities, : Each row in `x` is expected to match at most 1 row in `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `x` matches multiple rows.
ℹ If multiple matches are expected, set `multiple = "all"` to silence this
  warning.

Warning in left_join(bond_indices, emissions_dataset, by = c("iso3c")): Each row in `x` is expected to match at most 1 row in `y`.
ℹ Row 1 of `x` matches multiple rows.
ℹ If multiple matches are expected, set `multiple = "all"` to silence this
  warning.

Second Visualization

Change of territorial CO2 per capita is most volatile in Singapore. Territorial CO2 per capita in most countries have a downward trend except in South Korea. European countries have lower territorial CO2 per capita than North American Countries in general.

Third Visualization

Consumption CO2 per capita is generally steady in developed markets.

Fourth Visualization

Except for Singapore, trade CO2 per capita is steady in developed markets.

Fifth Visualization

Cumulative CO2 per capita is trending upward in developed markets.