1. Original SORS Study
A. Introduction to the SORS
Introduction to SORS: copy and pasted from Mokhtari & Sheorey(2002, pp. 4)
The SORS, like MARSI, is intended to measure the type and frequency of reading strategies that adolescents and adult ESL students perceive they use while reading academic materials in English (such as textbooks, journal articles, class notes, etc.).
The SORS consists of 30 items, each of which uses a 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1: “I never or almost never do this” to 5: I always or almost always do this”.
The SORS measures three broad categories of reading strategies: namely,
- global reading strategies, - cognitive strategies, and - support strategies.
A brief description of each SORS category and the number of items within each category are given below:
- Global Reading Strategies (GLOB) are those intentional, carefully planned techniques by which learners monitor or manage their reading, such as having purpose in mind, previewing the text as to its length and organization, or using typographical aids and tables and figures
(13-items). - Problem Solving Strategies (PROB) are the actions and procedures that readers use while working directly with the text. These are localized, focused techniques used when problems develop in understanding textual information; examples include adjusting one’s speed or reading when the materials becomes difficult or easy, guessing the meaning of unknown words, and rereading the text to improve comprehension
(8-items). - Support Strategies (SUP) are basic support mechanisms intended to aid the reader in comprehending the text such as using a dictionary, taking notes, underlining, or highlighting textual information
(9-items).
i. Checking the Dimension and Original SORS Instrument: Cross Checking
[1] 30 2 category statement
1 GLOB I have a purpose in mind when I read.
2 SUP I take notes while reading to help me understand what I read.
3 GLOB I think about what I know to help me understand what I read.
4 GLOB I take an overall view of the text to see what it is about before
5 SUP When text becomes difficult, I read aloud to help me understand w
6 GLOB I think about whether the content of the text fits my reading pur
7 PROB I read slowly and carefully to make sure I understand what I am r
8 GLOB I review the text first by noting its characteristics like length
9 PROB I try to get back on track when I lose concentration.
10 SUP I underline or circle information in the text to help me remember
11 PROB I adjust my reading speed according to what I am reading.
12 GLOB When reading, I decide what to read closely and what to ignore.
13 SUP I use reference materials (e.g., a dictionary) to help me underst
14 PROB When text becomes difficult, I pay closer attention to what I am
15 GLOB I use tables, figures, and pictures in text to increase my unders
16 PROB I stop from time to time and think about what I am reading.
17 GLOB I use context clues to help me better understand what I am readin
18 SUP I paraphrase (restate ideas in my own words) to better understand
19 PROB I try to picture or visualize information to help remember what I
20 GLOB I use typographical features like bold face and italics to identi
21 GLOB I critically analyze and evaluate the information presented in th
22 SUP I go back and forth in the text to find relationships among ideas
23 GLOB I check my understanding when I come across new information.
24 GLOB I try to guess what the content of the text is about when I read.
25 PROB When text becomes diffcult, I re-read it to increase my understan
26 SUP I ask myself questions I like to have answered in the text.
27 GLOB I check to see if my guesses about the text are right or wrong.
28 PROB When I read, I guess the meaning of unknown words or phrases.
29 SUP When reading, I translate from English into my native language.
30 SUP When reading, I think about information in both English and my moii. Strategies by Types: Cross Checking
# A tibble: 3 × 2
# Groups: strategy_type [3]
strategy_type total_strategies
<chr> <int>
1 GLOB 13
2 PROB 8
3 SUP 9 category n
1 read 13
2 text 13
3 reading 12
4 understand 7
5 information 6
6 understanding 3B. Key Concepts by SORS Strategies: Manual Itemization
| GLOB | SUP | PROB |
|---|---|---|
| purpose in mind | reference materials | read slowly |
| think about | use dictionary | read carefully |
| overall view | take notes | get on track |
| content match purpose | read aloud | adjust speeed |
| review characteristics | underline | close attention |
| read closely | circle | stop and think |
| ignore details | paraphrase | picture |
| use tables, figures, pictures | restate | visualize |
| context clues | own words | re-read |
| typograhical features | back and forth | guess meaning |
| critically analyze | find relationships | |
| evaluate | ask questions | |
| check understading | translate | |
| guess | use both language |
C. Working on Original SORS Instrument: List of Key Words Repeated at Least Twice
# A tibble: 104 × 2
words repitition
<chr> <dbl>
1 reading 12
2 help 7
3 understand 7
4 information 6
5 think 4
6 use 4
7 becomes 3
8 like 3
9 try 3
10 understanding 3
11 back 2
12 better 2
13 check 2
14 content 2
15 difficult 2
16 guess 2
17 ideas 2
18 increase 2
19 purpose 2
20 remember 2
21 see 2
22 take 2
23 time 2
24 words 2
25 according 1
# … with 79 more rowsD. Word Cloud Based on the Whole Instrument
E. Word Cloud Based on Trigrams
F. Creating N-Grams (1 - 5 Grams)
i. Most Frequent Word Pairs in Original SORS: List of 50
[1] "according reading" "across new" "adjust reading"
[4] "aloud help" "among ideas" "analyze evaluate"
[7] "ask questions" "attention reading" "back forth"
[10] "back track" "becomes diffcult" "becomes difficult"
[13] "better understand" "bold face" "carefully make"
[16] "characteristics like" "check see" "check understanding"
[19] "circle information" "closely ignore" "closer attention"
[22] "clues help" "come across" "content fits"
[25] "context clues" "critically analyze" "decide closely"
[28] "dictionary help" "diffcult reread" "difficult aloud"
[31] "difficult pay" "eg dictionary" "evaluate information"
[34] "face italics" "features like" "figures pictures"
[37] "find relationships" "first noting" "fits reading"
[40] "forth find" "get back" "go back"
[43] "guess content" "guess meaning" "guesses right"
[46] "help better" "help remember" "help understand"
[49] "ideas words" "identify key" ii. Most Frequent 3-Words List of 50
[1] "across new information" "adjust reading speed"
[3] "aloud help understand" "analyze evaluate information"
[5] "ask questions like" "back forth find"
[7] "back track lose" "becomes diffcult reread"
[9] "becomes difficult aloud" "becomes difficult pay"
[11] "better understand reading" "bold face italics"
[13] "carefully make sure" "characteristics like length"
[15] "check see guesses" "check understanding come"
[17] "circle information help" "closer attention reading"
[19] "clues help better" "come across new"
[21] "content fits reading" "context clues help"
[23] "critically analyze evaluate" "decide closely ignore"
[25] "dictionary help understand" "diffcult reread increase"
[27] "difficult aloud help" "difficult pay closer"
[29] "eg dictionary help" "evaluate information presented"
[31] "face italics identify" "features like bold"
[33] "figures pictures increase" "find relationships among"
[35] "first noting characteristics" "fits reading purpose"
[37] "forth find relationships" "get back track"
[39] "go back forth" "guess meaning unknown"
[41] "guesses right wrong" "help better understand"
[43] "ideas words better" "identify key information"
[45] "information help remember" "information mother tongue"
[47] "italics identify key" "know help understand"
[49] "like bold face" "like length organization" iii. Four Word Pairs List of 30
[1] "adjust reading speed according"
[2] "analyze evaluate information presented"
[3] "ask questions like answered"
[4] "back forth find relationships"
[5] "back track lose concentration"
[6] "becomes diffcult reread increase"
[7] "becomes difficult aloud help"
[8] "becomes difficult pay closer"
[9] "bold face italics identify"
[10] "carefully make sure understand"
[11] "characteristics like length organization"
[12] "check see guesses right"
[13] "check understanding come across"
[14] "circle information help remember"
[15] "clues help better understand"
[16] "come across new information"
[17] "content fits reading purpose"
[18] "context clues help better"
[19] "critically analyze evaluate information"
[20] "diffcult reread increase understanding"
[21] "difficult aloud help understand"
[22] "difficult pay closer attention"
[23] "eg dictionary help understand"
[24] "face italics identify key"
[25] "features like bold face"
[26] "figures pictures increase understanding"
[27] "find relationships among ideas"
[28] "first noting characteristics like"
[29] "forth find relationships among"
[30] "get back track lose" iv. Five Word Pairs List of 30
[1] "adjust reading speed according reading"
[2] "back forth find relationships among"
[3] "becomes diffcult reread increase understanding"
[4] "becomes difficult aloud help understand"
[5] "becomes difficult pay closer attention"
[6] "bold face italics identify key"
[7] "carefully make sure understand reading"
[8] "check see guesses right wrong"
[9] "check understanding come across new"
[10] "clues help better understand reading"
[11] "context clues help better understand"
[12] "critically analyze evaluate information presented"
[13] "difficult pay closer attention reading"
[14] "face italics identify key information"
[15] "features like bold face italics"
[16] "first noting characteristics like length"
[17] "forth find relationships among ideas"
[18] "get back track lose concentration"
[19] "go back forth find relationships"
[20] "guess meaning unknown words phrases"
[21] "like bold face italics identify"
[22] "materials eg dictionary help understand"
[23] "noting characteristics like length organization"
[24] "paraphrase restate ideas words better"
[25] "picture visualize information help remember"
[26] "reading think information mother tongue"
[27] "reference materials eg dictionary help"
[28] "restate ideas words better understand"
[29] "review first noting characteristics like"
[30] "slowly carefully make sure understand" 2. Study Based on the Collected Data
i. Structure of the Collected Data: Cross Checking
'data.frame': 36 obs. of 7 variables:
$ first_language: chr "Nepali" "Arabic " "Ahmed" "Arabic " ...
$ other_language: chr "English, Hindi, Urdu, Norwegian( basic)" "Arabic " "English" "English " ...
$ origin_country: chr "Nepal " "Said Arabia " "Saudi Arabia" "Saudi Arabia " ...
$ hc_strategies : chr "Translate, sometime re-read, use google to search for meaning of hard words, watch related videos." "Read easy reading to understand " "Scanning " "I always take notes in separate paper and use my mobile phone for instant translation for new words or ambiguous sentences." ...
$ On_strategies : chr "Use google to search for meaning of hard words, watch related videos, cultural drama or stories. Search differe"| __truncated__ "First reading without stop .. the second reading and translating new words " "Scanning " "Similar to the hard copy strategy. " ...
$ l2_ability : chr "Excellent" "Average" "Average" "Excellent" ...
$ comments : chr "Sometimes discuss the topic to another person who have better knowledge and try to get more knowledge." "Use auto reading like Google translate " "" "I believe the quite places are a key in excel in reading and understanding the text." ...A. Whole Text Analysis
List of 100 First Frequent Words
# A tibble: 270 × 2
common_words repitition
<chr> <dbl>
1 english 32
2 arab 30
3 saudi 27
4 translat 26
5 word 26
6 read 26
7 arabia 23
8 use 23
9 excel 19
10 averag 18
11 understand 16
12 googl 14
13 mean 13
14 hard 13
15 search 12
16 note 12
17 text 11
18 import 11
19 easi 10
20 take 10
21 sentenc 10
22 dictionari 9
23 onlin 9
24 highlight 8
25 copi 7
26 tri 7
27 nepal 6
28 scan 6
29 make 6
30 like 6
31 book 6
32 put 6
33 help 6
34 nepali 5
35 know 5
36 sometim 5
37 paper 5
38 reread 5
39 summar 5
40 underlin 5
41 someth 5
42 line 5
43 inform 5
44 strategi 5
45 first 4
46 hindi 4
47 video 4
48 point 4
49 idea 4
50 skim 4
51 materi 4
52 see 4
53 circl 4
54 write 4
55 subject 4
56 difficult 4
57 time 4
58 differ 4
59 mark 4
60 question 4
61 save 4
62 littl 3
63 just 3
64 watch 3
65 relat 3
66 alway 3
67 connect 3
68 look 3
69 focus 3
70 miss 3
71 quick 3
72 mani 3
73 second 3
74 good 3
75 listen 3
76 find 3
77 page 3
78 knowledg 3
79 turkey 2
80 separ 2
81 phone 2
82 instant 2
83 new 2
84 preview 2
85 check 2
86 either 2
87 graph 2
88 get 2
89 slow 2
90 part 2
91 unknown 2
92 pen 2
93 featur 2
94 emot 2
95 writ 2
96 follow 2
97 definit 2
98 usual 2
99 star 2
100 found 2
# … with 170 more rowsi. WordCloud - All Words
B. Column-Wise Analysis
i. First Language: Column One
[1] "c" "Nepali" "Arabic" "Ahmed" "Arabic" "Arabic"
[7] "Nepali" "Arabic" "Nepali" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Nepali"
[13] "Nepali" "Arabic" "Nepalu" "Arabic" "Mohammed" "alfayez"
[19] "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabica" "Arabic" "Arabic"
[25] "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic"
[31] "My" "first" "language" "is" "Arabic" "Arabic"
[37] "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "Arabic" "arabic" | first_language | total_speakers |
|---|---|
| arab | 26 |
| nepali | 5 |
| ahm | 1 |
ii. Other Language the Participants Spoke: Column Two
[1] "c" "English" "Hindi" "Urdu" "Norwegian" "basic"
[7] "Arabic" "English" "English" "English" "English" "Hindi"
[13] "Greek" "English" "English" "English" "English" "English"
[19] "Hindi" "Hindi" "English" "No" "only" "nepalu"
[25] "English" "and" "a" "little" "of" "Turkish"
[31] "English" "Arabic" "Chinese" "English" "English" "English"
[37] "English" "English" "English" "English" "English" "English"
[43] "English" "English" "English" "I" "speak" "English"
[49] "and" "I" "know" "a" "little" "of"
[55] "Turkey" "language" "Just" "English" "English" "English"
[61] "English" "and" "Arabic" "English" "English" "english" | other_language | total_speakers |
|---|---|
| english | 32 |
| hindi | 4 |
| arab | 3 |
| turkey | 2 |
| urdu | 1 |
| norwegian | 1 |
| greek | 1 |
| turkish | 1 |
| chines | 1 |
iii. Country of Origin for the Participants: Column Three
[1] "c" "Nepal" "Said" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi"
[8] "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Nepal" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Nepal"
[15] "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Nepal" "Nepal" "Saudi" "Nepal"
[22] "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Kingdom"
[29] "of" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Arabic" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi"
[36] "Saudi" "arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Algeria"
[43] "Saudi" "Arabia" "Kingdom" "of" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi"
[50] "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia"
[57] "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "Arabia" "Saudi" "arabia" "Saudi"
[64] "Arabia" "Kingdom" "of" "Saudi" "Arabia" | origin_country | total_participants |
|---|---|
| saudi | 27 |
| nepal | 6 |
| arab | 1 |
| algeria | 1 |
iv. Strategies While Reading Hard Copy Text: Column Four
[1] "c" "Translate" "sometime" "re" "read" "use"
[7] "google" "to" "search" "for" "meaning" "of"
[13] "hard" "words" "watch" "related" "videos" "Read"
[19] "easy" "reading" # A tibble: 6 × 2
strategy itiration
<chr> <dbl>
1 translat 10
2 use 9
3 note 7
4 read 6
5 highlight 6
6 text 6
v. Strategies While Reading Online Text: Column Five
[1] "c" "Use" "google" "to" "search"
[6] "for" "meaning" "of" "hard" "words"
[11] "watch" "related" "videos" "cultural" "drama"
[16] "or" "stories" "Search" "different" "publications"# A tibble: 6 × 2
strategy itiration
<chr> <dbl>
1 translat 11
2 googl 9
3 use 8
4 search 8
5 understand 7
6 read 6
vi. L2 Comments: Column Six
[1] "c" "Excellent" "Average" "Average" "Excellent" "Average"
[7] "Excellent" "Average" "Average" "Excellent" "Average" "Excellent"
[13] "Excellent" "Excellent" "I" "cannot" "read" "in"
[19] "second" "language" "Average" "Average" "Average" "Average"
[25] "Average" "Below" "average" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Average"
[31] "Excellent" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Average"
[37] "Average" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Excellent" "Average"
[43] "Average" | L2_ability | total_participants |
|---|---|
| excel | 18 |
| averag | 17 |
| below | 1 |
vi. Feedback Comments: Column Seven
[1] "c" "Sometimes" "discuss" "the" "topic" "to"
[7] "another" "person" "who" "have" "better" "knowledge"
[13] "and" "try" "to" "get" "more" "knowledge"
[19] "Use" "auto" 
C. Hard-Copy Reading strategies Analysis
i. HC Bi-GRAM
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "⭕️ definition" "making connections" "translate summarize"
[2,] "academic materials" "many times" "translate using"
[3,] "always take" "margin either" "translation even"
[4,] "always use" "mark text" "translation hard"
[5,] "ambiguous sentences" "marking important" "translation new"
[6,] "arrow pointing" "materials just" "try write"
[7,] "benefits employ" "meaning hard" "underline relevant"
[8,] "buy emotion" "memorize use" "underline sentence"
[9,] "calls action" "missed something" "underlining draw"
[10,] "can highlight" "mobile phone" "underlining important"
[11,] "circle ⭕️" "monitor level" "unknown know"
[12,] "circles follow" "need phone" "urgency buy"
[13,] "colors highlighter" "new ambiguous" "use different"
[14,] "comeback separate" "note edge" "use google"
[15,] "connections check" "notes details" "use honesty"
[16,] "context clues" "notes follow" "use mobile"
[17,] "context subject" "notes separate" "use something"
[18,] "copies like" "notes summarize" "use urgency"
[19,] "copy easy" "notes using" "used hard"
[20,] "copy materials" "offer exclusivity" "using context"
[21,] "couple paragraphs" "online dictionary" "using dictionary"
[22,] "definition missed" "paper dictionary" "using paper"
[23,] "details highlighted" "paper requires" "usually use"
[24,] "determine difficulty" "paper shortens" "versus benefits"
[25,] "dictionary especially" "paper use" "visualising making"
[26,] "dictionary tranlating" "papers content" "watch related"
[27,] "different colors" "parts academic" "write difficult"
[28,] "difficult subject" "parts simplify" "write short"
[29,] "difficulty subject" "phone instant" "writing notes"
[30,] "divide parts" "phone translate" "yes agree"
[31,] "⭕️ definition" "plots etc" "translate summarize" ii. HC Tri-GRAM
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "⭕️ definition missed" "subject many times"
[2,] "always take notes" "summarize lecture facilitate"
[3,] "always use google" "summarize point margin"
[4,] "arrow pointing important" "summarize specific information"
[5,] "benefits employ storytelling" "take notes follow"
[6,] "buy emotion justify" "take notes separate"
[7,] "can highlight underline" "taking notes summarize"
[8,] "circle ⭕️ definition" "taking notes using"
[9,] "circles follow line" "text important focus"
[10,] "colors highlighter determine" "text reading reading"
[11,] "comeback separate long" "text using context"
[12,] "context subject im" "times memorize use"
[13,] "copies like highlight" "tow lines sentences"
[14,] "copy easy graphs" "tranlating hard reread"
[15,] "copy materials just" "translate sometime reread"
[16,] "definition missed something" "translate summarize point"
[17,] "details highlighted parts" "translate using dictionary"
[18,] "determine difficulty subject" "translation even hard"
[19,] "dictionary especially first" "translation hard sentence"
[20,] "dictionary tranlating hard" "translation new ambiguous"
[21,] "different colors highlighter" "try write difficult"
[22,] "difficult subject many" "underline relevant text"
[23,] "difficulty subject fold" "underline sentence summarize"
[24,] "divide parts simplify" "underlining draw circles"
[25,] "don’t know hard" "underlining important taking"
[26,] "draw arrow pointing" "unknown know mean"
[27,] "draw circles follow" "urgency buy emotion"
[28,] "easy graphs ideas" "use different colors"
[29,] "easy read graphs" "use google search"
[30,] "edge paper shortens" "use google translation"
[31,] "either sentence pharse" "use honesty include"
[32,] "emotion justify logic" "use mobile phone"
[33,] "employ storytelling sound" "use something like"
[34,] "especially first couple" "use urgency buy"
[35,] "etc can highlight" "used hard copy"
[36,] "even hard copy" "using context clues"
[37,] "exclusivity use honesty" "using dictionary especially"
[38,] "expert use urgency" "using paper dictionary"
[39,] "facilitate studying marking" "usually use something"
[40,] "fast scan papers" "versus benefits employ"
[41,] "features versus benefits" "visualising making connections"
[42,] "first couple paragraphs" "watch related videos"
[43,] "focus writing notes" "write difficult subject"
[44,] "fold paper requires" "write short note"
[45,] "follow line finger" "writing notes details" iii. HC Quadgram
[,1]
[1,] "⭕️ definition missed something"
[2,] "always take notes separate"
[3,] "always use google translation"
[4,] "arrow pointing important information"
[5,] "benefits employ storytelling sound"
[6,] "buy emotion justify logic"
[7,] "can highlight underline relevant"
[8,] "circle ⭕️ definition missed"
[9,] "circles follow line finger"
[10,] "colors highlighter determine difficulty"
[11,] "comeback separate long make"
[12,] "context subject im reading"
[13,] "copies like highlight text"
[14,] "copy easy graphs ideas"
[15,] "copy materials just get"
[16,] "definition missed something usually"
[17,] "details highlighted parts academic"
[18,] "determine difficulty subject fold"
[19,] "dictionary especially first couple"
[20,] "dictionary tranlating hard reread"
[21,] "different colors highlighter determine"
[22,] "difficult subject many times"
[23,] "difficulty subject fold paper"
[24,] "don’t know hard read"
[25,] "draw arrow pointing important"
[,2]
[1,] "translate summarize point margin"
[2,] "translate using dictionary especially"
[3,] "translation even hard copy"
[4,] "translation new ambiguous sentences"
[5,] "try write difficult subject"
[6,] "underline sentence summarize specific"
[7,] "underlining draw circles follow"
[8,] "underlining important taking notes"
[9,] "urgency buy emotion justify"
[10,] "use different colors highlighter"
[11,] "use google search meaning"
[12,] "use google translation even"
[13,] "use honesty include calls"
[14,] "use mobile phone instant"
[15,] "use something like little"
[16,] "use urgency buy emotion"
[17,] "used hard copy easy"
[18,] "using dictionary especially first"
[19,] "using paper dictionary tranlating"
[20,] "usually use something like"
[21,] "versus benefits employ storytelling"
[22,] "visualising making connections check"
[23,] "write difficult subject many"
[24,] "write short note edge"
[25,] "writing notes details highlighted" iv. HC Pentagram
[,1]
[1,] "⭕️ definition missed something usually"
[2,] "always take notes separate paper"
[3,] "always use google translation even"
[4,] "arrow pointing important information write"
[5,] "benefits employ storytelling sound like"
[6,] "buy emotion justify logic offer"
[7,] "can highlight underline relevant text"
[8,] "circle ⭕️ definition missed something"
[9,] "circles follow line finger pen"
[10,] "colors highlighter determine difficulty subject"
[11,] "comeback separate long make easy"
[12,] "context subject im reading try"
[13,] "copies like highlight text important"
[14,] "copy easy graphs ideas easy"
[15,] "copy materials just get fast"
[,2]
[1,] "use different colors highlighter determine"
[2,] "use google search meaning hard"
[3,] "use google translation even hard"
[4,] "use honesty include calls action"
[5,] "use mobile phone instant translation"
[6,] "use something like little star"
[7,] "use urgency buy emotion justify"
[8,] "used hard copy easy graphs"
[9,] "using dictionary especially first couple"
[10,] "using paper dictionary tranlating hard"
[11,] "usually use something like little"
[12,] "versus benefits employ storytelling sound"
[13,] "write difficult subject many times"
[14,] "write short note edge paper"
[15,] "writing notes details highlighted parts" D. Online Reading Strategies Analysis
i. OL Bi-GRAM
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "’s find" "online reader"
[2,] "’t research" "organizing searching"
[3,] "abstract make" "orgin many"
[4,] "access dictionary" "others material"
[5,] "activating summarizing" "page also"
[6,] "also create" "pages chrome"
[7,] "always use" "points reread"
[8,] "automatic reader" "presented visualise"
[9,] "book make" "previewing text"
[10,] "bookmark feature" "pronunciation correct"
[11,] "button highlighting" "publications related"
[12,] "cause information" "put automatic"
[13,] "certain subject" "put different"
[14,] "chrome right" "put line"
[15,] "clarifying visualizing" "questioning inferring"
[16,] "click save" "questioning summarising"
[17,] "compare reading" "quick read"
[18,] "connecting others" "quick reading"
[19,] "connections ideas" "reader feel"
[20,] "context look" "reader see"
[21,] "copy strategy" "reading online"
[22,] "correct use" "reading translate"
[23,] "create digital" "reading translating"
[24,] "cultural drama" "reading without"
[25,] "dictionary help" "recognize easy"
[26,] "dictionary know" "related topic"
[27,] "dictionary marking" "related videos"
[28,] "dictionary online" "reread book"
[29,] "dictoinary google" "reread translate"
[30,] "didnt miss" "research goggle"
[31,] "’s find" "right click"
[,3]
[1,] "touch use"
[2,] "translat easy"
[3,] "translate difficult"
[4,] "translate editable"
[5,] "translate help"
[6,] "translate sometimes"
[7,] "translate whose"
[8,] "translating new"
[9,] "translating unusual"
[10,] "translator face"
[11,] "trying put"
[12,] "unfamiliar look"
[13,] "unknown trying"
[14,] "unusual taking"
[15,] "use bookmark"
[16,] "use google"
[17,] "use instant"
[18,] "using dictoinary"
[19,] "using find"
[20,] "using online"
[21,] "videos cultural"
[22,] "videos help"
[23,] "visualise questioning"
[24,] "visualizing organizing"
[25,] "watch lecture"
[26,] "watch related"
[27,] "watch videos"
[28,] "ways task"
[29,] "whose don’t"
[30,] "without stop"
[31,] "touch use" ii. OL Tri-GRAM
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "’s find easily" "similar hard copy"
[2,] "’t research goggle" "someones teaching focus"
[3,] "abstract make connections" "sometimes put automatic"
[4,] "access dictionary know" "stop second reading"
[5,] "activating summarizing monitoring" "stories search different"
[6,] "also create digital" "strategies put line"
[7,] "always use google" "subject google see"
[8,] "automatic reader feel" "summarizing monitoring clarifying"
[9,] "book make sure" "sure didnt miss"
[10,] "bookmark feature save" "taking notes important"
[11,] "button highlighting comments" "task sometimes put"
[12,] "cause information interest" "teaching focus hearing"
[13,] "certain subject google" "text connecting others"
[14,] "chrome right click" "thing always use"
[15,] "clarifying visualizing organizing" "things ’t research"
[16,] "click save page" "think good idea"
[17,] "compare reading online" "time certain subject"
[18,] "connecting others material" "topic google etc"
[19,] "connections ideas presented" "touch use google"
[20,] "context look abstract" "translat easy tike"
[21,] "correct use instant" "translate editable summarize"
[22,] "create digital notes" "translate help mark"
[23,] "cultural drama stories" "translate whose don’t"
[24,] "dictionary help reading" "translating unusual taking"
[25,] "dictionary know orgin" "translator face recognize"
[26,] "dictionary marking keywords" "trying put different"
[27,] "dictoinary google translate" "unfamiliar look definitions"
[28,] "didnt miss anything" "unknown trying put"
[29,] "different difficult time" "unusual taking notes"
[30,] "different publications related" "use bookmark feature"
[31,] "difficult time certain" "use google search"
[32,] "digital notes document" "use google translation"
[33,] "document saved pages" "use instant translator"
[34,] "don’t meaning watch" "using dictoinary google"
[35,] "don’t think good" "using find button"
[36,] "drama stories search" "using online dictionary"
[37,] "easily one touch" "videos cultural drama"
[38,] "easy access dictionary" "videos help watch"
[39,] "easy cause information" "visualise questioning summarising"
[40,] "easy tike notes" "visualizing organizing searching"
[41,] "editable summarize point" "watch related videos"
[42,] "either use bookmark" "watch videos help"
[43,] "face recognize easy" "ways task sometimes"
[44,] "feature save pages" "whose don’t meaning"
[45,] "feel like someones" "without stop second" iii. OL Quadgram
[,1]
[1,] "’s find easily one"
[2,] "abstract make connections ideas"
[3,] "access dictionary know orgin"
[4,] "activating summarizing monitoring clarifying"
[5,] "also create digital notes"
[6,] "always use google translation"
[7,] "automatic reader feel like"
[8,] "book make sure didnt"
[9,] "bookmark feature save pages"
[10,] "cause information interest things"
[11,] "certain subject google see"
[12,] "chrome right click save"
[13,] "clarifying visualizing organizing searching"
[14,] "click save page also"
[15,] "compare reading online reader"
[16,] "connections ideas presented visualise"
[17,] "context look abstract make"
[18,] "correct use instant translator"
[19,] "create digital notes document"
[20,] "cultural drama stories search"
[21,] "dictionary help reading translate"
[22,] "dictionary know orgin many"
[23,] "dictionary marking keywords translating"
[24,] "dictoinary google translate sometimes"
[25,] "different difficult time certain"
[,2]
[1,] "touch use google search"
[2,] "translat easy tike notes"
[3,] "translate editable summarize point"
[4,] "translate help mark unfamiliar"
[5,] "translate whose don’t meaning"
[6,] "translating unusual taking notes"
[7,] "translator face recognize easy"
[8,] "trying put different sentences"
[9,] "unknown trying put different"
[10,] "unusual taking notes important"
[11,] "use bookmark feature save"
[12,] "use google search information"
[13,] "use google search meaning"
[14,] "use instant translator face"
[15,] "using dictoinary google translate"
[16,] "using find button highlighting"
[17,] "using online dictionary marking"
[18,] "videos cultural drama stories"
[19,] "videos help watch lecture"
[20,] "visualizing organizing searching selecting"
[21,] "watch related videos cultural"
[22,] "watch videos help watch"
[23,] "ways task sometimes put"
[24,] "whose don’t meaning watch"
[25,] "without stop second reading" iv. OL Pentagram
[,1]
[1,] "’s find easily one touch"
[2,] "abstract make connections ideas presented"
[3,] "access dictionary know orgin many"
[4,] "activating summarizing monitoring clarifying visualizing"
[5,] "also create digital notes document"
[6,] "automatic reader feel like someones"
[7,] "book make sure didnt miss"
[8,] "bookmark feature save pages chrome"
[9,] "cause information interest things ’t"
[10,] "certain subject google see ways"
[11,] "chrome right click save page"
[12,] "clarifying visualizing organizing searching selecting"
[13,] "click save page also create"
[14,] "compare reading online reader see"
[15,] "connections ideas presented visualise questioning"
[,2]
[1,] "unknown trying put different sentences"
[2,] "unusual taking notes important ideas"
[3,] "use bookmark feature save pages"
[4,] "use google search meaning hard"
[5,] "use instant translator face recognize"
[6,] "using dictoinary google translate sometimes"
[7,] "using find button highlighting comments"
[8,] "using online dictionary marking keywords"
[9,] "videos cultural drama stories search"
[10,] "visualizing organizing searching selecting questioning"
[11,] "watch related videos cultural drama"
[12,] "watch videos help watch lecture"
[13,] "ways task sometimes put automatic"
[14,] "whose don’t meaning watch videos"
[15,] "without stop second reading translating" E. Feedback/Commet Reading Analysis
i. Comment Bi-GRAM
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] "’s important" "read carefully" "take easy"
[2,] "also find" "read listen" "take notes"
[3,] "another person" "read online" "take time"
[4,] "auto reading" "read overall" "technology sky"
[5,] "average want" "read slowly" "tend translate"
[6,] "believe quite" "reading better" "times read"
[7,] "better knowledge" "reading bit" "tone sometimes"
[8,] "bit difficult" "reading hard" "topic another"
[9,] "book novel" "reading internet" "translate reading"
[10,] "book reading" "reading like" "translating searching"
[11,] "books magazines" "reading lot" "translation listen"
[12,] "carefully don’t" "reading make" "try get"
[13,] "checking orgins" "reading online" "try read"
[14,] "circle important" "reading reading" "trying meaning"
[15,] "circles lines" "reading skills" "underline important"
[16,] "comfortable reading" "reading take" "use auto"
[17,] "concept sentence" "reading text" "use dictionarys"
[18,] "context also" "reads circles" "use enhance"
[19,] "contrast reading" "reason reading" "use high"
[20,] "copy use" "recommend checking" "use highlighting"
[21,] "dictionarys help" "rereading trying" "using intonation"
[22,] "difficult read" "rush reading" "video games"
[23,] "discuss topic" "searching dictionaries" "vocabularies ’s"
[24,] "don’t give" "second language" "vocabulary hard"
[25,] "don’t rush" "see reading" "voice books"
[26,] "easier rereading" "sentence put" "voice tone"
[27,] "easy don’t" "skim skan" "want improve"
[28,] "enhance second" "sky limit" "watch movies"
[29,] "environment reading" "slowly rush" "ways read"
[30,] "excel reading" "something love" "without playing"
[31,] "’s important" "sometimes discuss" "take easy" ii. Comment Tri-GRAM: 45 Each From Top and Bottom
[,1] [,2]
[1,] "’s important know" "reads circles lines"
[2,] "also find summrise" "reason reading bit"
[3,] "another person better" "recommend checking orgins"
[4,] "auto reading like" "rereading trying meaning"
[5,] "average want improve" "rush reading take"
[6,] "believe quite places" "second language knowledge"
[7,] "better knowledge try" "see reading internet"
[8,] "bit difficult read" "sentence put line"
[9,] "book novel vocabulary" "sky limit use"
[10,] "book reading make" "slowly rush reading"
[11,] "books magazines take" "something love nothing"
[12,] "carefully don’t rush" "sometimes discuss topic"
[13,] "circle important sentence" "strategies skim skan"
[14,] "circles lines stars" "strategy people average"
[15,] "comfortable reading hard" "subtitles without playing"
[16,] "context also find" "suitable place environment"
[17,] "contrast reading online" "summarizing online reason"
[18,] "copy use highlighting" "summrise hard copy"
[19,] "dictionarys help process" "take easy don’t"
[20,] "difficult read online" "take notes underline"
[21,] "discuss topic another" "technology sky limit"
[22,] "don’t give many" "tend translate reading"
[23,] "easier rereading trying" "times read book"
[24,] "easy don’t give" "tone sometimes help"
[25,] "enhance second language" "topic another person"
[26,] "excel reading text" "translate reading online"
[27,] "extract meaning sentence" "translating searching dictionaries"
[28,] "field vocabularies ’s" "translation listen voice"
[29,] "find summrise hard" "try get knowledge"
[30,] "focus improving reading" "try read listen"
[31,] "found tend translate" "trying meaning context"
[32,] "games story behind" "underline important information"
[33,] "give many ways" "use auto reading"
[34,] "great strategy people" "use dictionarys help"
[35,] "hard copy use" "use enhance second"
[36,] "hard use dictionarys" "use high contrast"
[37,] "help process concept" "use highlighting instead"
[38,] "helps read overall" "using intonation voice"
[39,] "high contrast reading" "video games story"
[40,] "highlighting instead summarizing" "vocabularies ’s important"
[41,] "important know least" "vocabulary hard use"
[42,] "important sentence put" "voice tone sometimes"
[43,] "improve reading skills" "want improve reading"
[44,] "improving reading reading" "watch movies subtitles"
[45,] "instead summarizing online" "without playing video" iii. Comment Quadgram: 25 Each From Top and Bottom
[,1]
[1,] "’s important know least"
[2,] "also find summrise hard"
[3,] "another person better knowledge"
[4,] "auto reading like google"
[5,] "average want improve reading"
[6,] "believe quite places key"
[7,] "better knowledge try get"
[8,] "bit difficult read online"
[9,] "book novel vocabulary hard"
[10,] "book reading make reading"
[11,] "books magazines take notes"
[12,] "circle important sentence put"
[13,] "comfortable reading hard copy"
[14,] "context also find summrise"
[15,] "contrast reading online material"
[16,] "copy use highlighting instead"
[17,] "dictionarys help process concept"
[18,] "difficult read online hard"
[19,] "discuss topic another person"
[20,] "don’t give many ways"
[21,] "easier rereading trying meaning"
[22,] "easy don’t give many"
[23,] "enhance second language knowledge"
[24,] "field vocabularies ’s important"
[25,] "find summrise hard copy"
[,2]
[1,] "summarizing online reason reading"
[2,] "summrise hard copy use"
[3,] "take easy don’t give"
[4,] "take notes underline important"
[5,] "technology sky limit use"
[6,] "tend translate reading online"
[7,] "times read book novel"
[8,] "topic another person better"
[9,] "translate reading online easier"
[10,] "translation listen voice books"
[11,] "try read listen book"
[12,] "trying meaning context also"
[13,] "use auto reading like"
[14,] "use dictionarys help process"
[15,] "use enhance second language"
[16,] "use high contrast reading"
[17,] "use highlighting instead summarizing"
[18,] "using intonation voice tone"
[19,] "video games story behind"
[20,] "vocabularies ’s important know"
[21,] "vocabulary hard use dictionarys"
[22,] "voice tone sometimes help"
[23,] "want improve reading skills"
[24,] "watch movies subtitles without"
[25,] "without playing video games" iv. Comment Pentagram: 15 Each From Top and Bottom
[,1]
[1,] "’s important know least meaning"
[2,] "also find summrise hard copy"
[3,] "another person better knowledge try"
[4,] "auto reading like google translate"
[5,] "average want improve reading skills"
[6,] "believe quite places key excel"
[7,] "better knowledge try get knowledge"
[8,] "bit difficult read online hard"
[9,] "book novel vocabulary hard use"
[10,] "book reading make reading better"
[11,] "books magazines take notes underline"
[12,] "circle important sentence put line"
[13,] "context also find summrise hard"
[14,] "copy use highlighting instead summarizing"
[15,] "dictionarys help process concept sentence"
[,2]
[1,] "times read book novel vocabulary"
[2,] "topic another person better knowledge"
[3,] "translate reading online easier rereading"
[4,] "try read listen book reading"
[5,] "trying meaning context also find"
[6,] "use auto reading like google"
[7,] "use dictionarys help process concept"
[8,] "use enhance second language knowledge"
[9,] "use high contrast reading online"
[10,] "use highlighting instead summarizing online"
[11,] "using intonation voice tone sometimes"
[12,] "vocabularies ’s important know least"
[13,] "vocabulary hard use dictionarys help"
[14,] "watch movies subtitles without playing"
[15,] "without playing video games story" https://rpubs.com/nirmal/text_mining_R