1 About you and your household
2 Q18 Worries
3 Your food choices
4 Empowerment
5 Eating habits: woman and child
6 Eating habits: within your household
- 6.1 Q9 Were you and your household able to meet your food needs during the last year?
  - 6.1.1 Q9 treated on a numeric scale
- 6.2 Q10 Food shortage

1 About you and your household

1.1 Q11-1 Age

Table 1.1: Age of respondents - summary statistics
country	n	%	Mean	st.Dev	min	Q1	Median	Q3	max
KE	558	25.47	27.78	6.42	16	23.00	27	32	48
MO	512	23.37	31.62	6.72	17	26.75	31	37	49
TN	100	4.56	32.40	5.32	23	29.00	32	36	45
TZ	518	23.64	26.36	7.27	16	20.00	25	31	49
UG	503	22.96	26.77	6.68	16	22.00	25	31	49
Total	2,191	100.00	28.32	7.06	16	23.00	27	33	49

Figure 1.1: Age of respondents - distribution

Figure 1.2: Age of respondents - distribution by country

Table 1.2: Respondents by age class
stat	age	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	[15,20]	67	13	0	143	97	320
	(20,25]	171	90	12	142	163	578
	(25,30]	150	145	29	98	111	533
	(30,35]	98	109	31	68	72	378
	(35,49]	72	155	28	67	60	382
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	[15,20]	12.0	2.5	0.0	27.6	19.3	14.6
	(20,25]	30.6	17.6	12.0	27.4	32.4	26.4
	(25,30]	26.9	28.3	29.0	18.9	22.1	24.3
	(30,35]	17.6	21.3	31.0	13.1	14.3	17.3
	(35,49]	12.9	30.3	28.0	12.9	11.9	17.4
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Figure 1.3: Age of respondents - distribution by country

1.2 Q11-2 n.children

Table 1.3: Number of children - summary statistics
country	n	%	Mean	st.Dev	min	Q1	Median	Q3	max
KE	558	25.47	2.22	1.34	1	1	2	3	10
MO	512	23.37	2.37	1.10	1	2	2	3	9
TN	100	4.56	2.40	1.15	1	1	2	3	5
TZ	518	23.64	2.79	1.88	1	1	2	4	11
UG	503	22.96	3.53	2.29	1	2	3	5	12
Total	2,191	100.00	2.70	1.75	1	1	2	3	12

Figure 1.4: Number of children - distribution

Figure 1.5: Number of children - distribution by country

Table 1.4: Respondents by Number of children
stat	No.chidren	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1	203	115	26	163	115	622
	2	163	189	29	116	90	587
	3	114	142	30	95	82	463
	4	50	46	9	53	68	226
	5 or more	28	20	6	91	148	293
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	1	36.4	22.5	26.0	31.5	22.9	28.4
	2	29.2	36.9	29.0	22.4	17.9	26.8
	3	20.4	27.7	30.0	18.3	16.3	21.1
	4	9.0	9.0	9.0	10.2	13.5	10.3
	5 or more	5.0	3.9	6.0	17.6	29.4	13.4
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Figure 1.6: Number of children by country

1.3 Q11-3 Education level

Table 1.5: Respondents by education level
stat	education.level	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-Illiterate	0	175	18	212	166	571
	2-No qualification/literate	1	37	3	6	54	101
	3-Primary	217	150	21	268	166	822
	4-Secondary	268	90	35	30	97	520
	5-More than secondary	69	54	22	2	17	164
	6-other	3	6	1	0	3	13
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	1-Illiterate	0.00	34.18	18.00	40.93	33.00	26.06
	2-No qualification/literate	0.18	7.23	3.00	1.16	10.74	4.61
	3-Primary	38.89	29.30	21.00	51.74	33.00	37.52
	4-Secondary	48.03	17.58	35.00	5.79	19.28	23.73
	5-More than secondary	12.37	10.55	22.00	0.39	3.38	7.49
	6-other	0.54	1.17	1.00	0.00	0.60	0.59
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Figure 1.7: Respondents by education level

Figure 1.8: Education level by age class

Table 1.6: Education level by country and age class - count
variable	levels	1-Illiterate	2-No qualification/literate	3-Primary	4-Secondary	5-More than secondary	6-other	Total
Total	Total	571	101	822	520	164	13	2,191
country	KE	0	1	217	268	69	3	558
	MO	175	37	150	90	54	6	512
	TN	18	3	21	35	22	1	100
	TZ	212	6	268	30	2	0	518
	UG	166	54	166	97	17	3	503
age class	[15,20]	108	12	130	67	3	0	320
	(20,25]	122	26	225	172	31	2	578
	(25,30]	93	28	197	159	49	7	533
	(30,35]	114	15	138	71	39	1	378
	(35,49]	134	20	132	51	42	3	382

Table 1.7: Education level by country and age class - %
variable	levels	1-Illiterate	2-No qualification/literate	3-Primary	4-Secondary	5-More than secondary	6-other	Total
Total	Total	26.1	4.6	37.5	23.7	7.5	0.6	100
country	KE	0.0	0.2	38.9	48.0	12.4	0.5	100
	MO	34.2	7.2	29.3	17.6	10.5	1.2	100
	TN	18.0	3.0	21.0	35.0	22.0	1.0	100
	TZ	40.9	1.2	51.7	5.8	0.4	0.0	100
	UG	33.0	10.7	33.0	19.3	3.4	0.6	100
age class	[15,20]	33.8	3.8	40.6	20.9	0.9	0.0	100
	(20,25]	21.1	4.5	38.9	29.8	5.4	0.3	100
	(25,30]	17.4	5.3	37.0	29.8	9.2	1.3	100
	(30,35]	30.2	4.0	36.5	18.8	10.3	0.3	100
	(35,49]	35.1	5.2	34.6	13.4	11.0	0.8	100

Table 1.8: Test on the relationship between Education level and the following variables:
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Chi.square	679.31	20	5.2e-131	***
cl.age	Chi.square	127.86	20	9.8e-18	***

1.4 Q11-4 Role in the household

Table 1.9: Respondents by role in the household
stat	role.in.the.household	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-household head	20	58	15	49	39	181
	2-head's wife/daughter/...	506	435	84	455	452	1932
	3-head's relative	8	16	1	12	4	41
	4-other	24	3	0	2	8	37
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	1-household head	3.58	11.33	15.00	9.46	7.75	8.26
	2-head's wife/daughter/...	90.68	84.96	84.00	87.84	89.86	88.18
	3-head's relative	1.43	3.12	1.00	2.32	0.80	1.87
	4-other	4.30	0.59	0.00	0.39	1.59	1.69
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Figure 1.9: Respondents by role in the household

1.5 Q12 Household members

Table 1.10: Household members by country - summary statistics
Household members	country	Mean	st.Dev	min	Q1	Median	Q3	max
men (adults 14 or older)	KE	1.38	1.08	0	1	1	2.00	7
	MO	1.39	0.92	0	1	1	2.00	9
	TN	1.37	0.68	1	1	1	2.00	4
	TZ	1.22	0.77	0	1	1	1.00	5
	UG	1.37	1.02	0	1	1	1.00	7
	Total	1.34	0.95	0	1	1	2.00	9
women (adults 14 or older)	KE	1.76	1.22	1	1	1	2.00	10
	MO	1.66	1.08	1	1	1	2.00	9
	TN	1.27	0.51	1	1	1	1.00	3
	TZ	1.46	1.00	1	1	1	2.00	12
	UG	1.68	1.19	1	1	1	2.00	7
	Total	1.62	1.11	1	1	1	2.00	12
children (aged 3-13 years)	KE	1.31	1.24	0	0	1	2.00	7
	MO	1.30	1.00	0	1	1	2.00	5
	TN	1.23	0.94	0	0	1	2.00	4
	TZ	1.50	1.30	0	0	1	2.00	8
	UG	2.46	1.89	0	1	2	4.00	10
	Total	1.61	1.45	0	1	1	2.00	10
children (aged 0-2 years)	KE	1.05	0.24	0	1	1	1.00	3
	MO	1.17	0.50	0	1	1	1.00	4
	TN	1.01	0.17	0	1	1	1.00	2
	TZ	1.04	0.20	1	1	1	1.00	2
	UG	1.19	0.52	0	1	1	1.00	6
	Total	1.11	0.39	0	1	1	1.00	6
no. total of components	KE	5.51	2.76	2	4	5	7.00	21
	MO	5.52	2.28	2	4	5	6.00	22
	TN	4.88	1.59	3	4	5	5.25	10
	TZ	5.22	2.23	2	3	5	6.00	21
	UG	6.70	3.24	2	4	6	8.00	22
	Total	5.69	2.68	2	4	5	7.00	22
no. total of adults	KE	3.15	1.99	1	2	2	4.00	15
	MO	3.04	1.76	1	2	2	4.00	16
	TN	2.64	1.06	2	2	2	3.00	6
	TZ	2.68	1.41	1	2	2	3.00	13
	UG	3.05	1.92	1	2	2	4.00	13
	Total	2.97	1.77	1	2	2	4.00	16
adults with salary/revenue	KE	1.22	1.26	0	0	1	2.00	9
	MO	1.00	1.00	0	0	1	1.00	7
	TN	1.21	0.48	0	1	1	1.00	2
	TZ	2.10	0.96	0	2	2	2.00	8
	UG	1.85	1.23	0	1	2	2.00	11
	Total	1.52	1.19	0	1	1	2.00	11
women with salary/revenue	KE	0.42	0.80	0	0	0	1.00	12
	MO	0.09	0.48	0	0	0	0.00	4
	TN	0.26	0.44	0	0	0	1.00	1
	TZ	1.15	0.65	0	1	1	1.00	4
	UG	0.85	0.80	0	0	1	1.00	6
	Total	0.61	0.79	0	0	0	1.00	12

Figure 1.10: Household members

1.6 Q13 Possession of a mobile phone

Table 1.11: Respondents by role in the household
stat	Possession.of.a.mobile.phone	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	0-No	58	94	14	339	228	733
	1-Yes	499	418	86	179	275	1457
	Total	557	512	100	518	503	2190
col.%	0-No	10.41	18.36	14.00	65.44	45.33	33.47
	1-Yes	89.59	81.64	86.00	34.56	54.67	66.53
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Figure 1.11: Possession of a mobile phone

Table 1.12: Possession of a mobile phone - count
variable	levels	0-No	1-Yes	<NA>	Total
Total	Total	733	1,457	1	2,191
country	KE	58	499	1	558
	MO	94	418	0	512
	TN	14	86	0	100
	TZ	339	179	0	518
	UG	228	275	0	503
age class	[15,20]	185	134	1	320
	(20,25]	202	376	0	578
	(25,30]	131	402	0	533
	(30,35]	104	274	0	378
	(35,49]	111	271	0	382
education	1-Illiterate	326	245	0	571
	2-No qualification/literate	31	70	0	101
	3-Primary	293	528	1	822
	4-Secondary	70	450	0	520
	5-More than secondary	11	153	0	164
	6-other	2	11	0	13

Table 1.13: Possession of a mobile phone - %
variable	levels	0-No	1-Yes	<NA>	Total
Total	Total	33.5	66.5	0.0	100
country	KE	10.4	89.4	0.2	100
	MO	18.4	81.6	0.0	100
	TN	14.0	86.0	0.0	100
	TZ	65.4	34.6	0.0	100
	UG	45.3	54.7	0.0	100
age class	[15,20]	57.8	41.9	0.3	100
	(20,25]	34.9	65.1	0.0	100
	(25,30]	24.6	75.4	0.0	100
	(30,35]	27.5	72.5	0.0	100
	(35,49]	29.1	70.9	0.0	100
education	1-Illiterate	57.1	42.9	0.0	100
	2-No qualification/literate	30.7	69.3	0.0	100
	3-Primary	35.6	64.2	0.1	100
	4-Secondary	13.5	86.5	0.0	100
	5-More than secondary	6.7	93.3	0.0	100
	6-other	15.4	84.6	0.0	100

1.7 Q14 Main forms of employment of respondents

Table 1.14: Main forms of employment - count
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
1-Farmer	392	2	8	470	236	1,108
2-Non-farm household employment	67	21	12	78	51	229
3-Off-farm regular worker	52	3	9	2	19	85
4-Off-farm informal/casual worker	82	12	3	62	27	186
5-Other	3	476	72	19	185	755
Respondents	558	512	100	518	503	2,191
multiple responses

Table 1.15: Main forms of employment - % on respondents
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
1-Farmer	392	2	8	470	236	1,108
2-Non-farm household employment	67	21	12	78	51	229
3-Off-farm regular worker	52	3	9	2	19	85
4-Off-farm informal/casual worker	82	12	3	62	27	186
5-Other	3	476	72	19	185	755
Respondents	558	512	100	518	503	2,191
multiple responses

Table 1.16: Single employment - %
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
1-Farmer	90.6	100.0	62.5	76.6	95.8	85.6
2-Non-farm household employment	73.1	95.2	100.0	25.6	90.2	64.2
3-Off-farm regular worker	86.5	100.0	88.9	0.0	89.5	85.9
4-Off-farm informal/casual worker	84.1	91.7	33.3	25.8	74.1	62.9
5-Other	66.7	99.6	97.2	63.2	96.8	97.6

Figure 1.12: Main forms of employment

1.8 Q15 Intended destination/use of your production

Table 1.17: Intended destination/use of your production
stat	production.use	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-all for sale / barter	0	0	2	4	1	7
	2-mainly for sale / barter	4	0	6	7	7	24
	3-partly for sale / barter and partly for family use / own consumption	86	4	10	123	162	385
	4-mainly for family use / own consumption	171	19	8	255	82	535
	5-entirely for family use / own consumption	290	122	36	111	241	800
	6-I don’t produce	6	367	38	18	10	439
	Total	557	512	100	518	503	2190
col.%	1-all for sale / barter	0.0	0.0	2.0	0.8	0.2	0.3
	2-mainly for sale / barter	0.7	0.0	6.0	1.4	1.4	1.1
	3-partly for sale / barter and partly for family use / own consumption	15.4	0.8	10.0	23.7	32.2	17.6
	4-mainly for family use / own consumption	30.7	3.7	8.0	49.2	16.3	24.4
	5-entirely for family use / own consumption	52.1	23.8	36.0	21.4	47.9	36.5
	6-I don’t produce	1.1	71.7	38.0	3.5	2.0	20.0
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Figure 1.13: Intended destination/use of your production

1.9 Q16 The household head’s main employment

Table 1.18: Household head’s main employment
stat	employment	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-Farmer	150	21	10	361	142	684
	2-Non-farm household employment	84	165	13	45	120	427
	3-off-farm regular worker	167	26	25	2	40	260
	4-Off-farm informal / casual worker (paid by the day)	135	206	30	44	86	501
	5-other	1	36	7	17	76	137
	Total	537	454	85	469	464	2009
col.%	1-Farmer	27.9	4.6	11.8	77.0	30.6	34.0
	2-Non-farm household employment	15.6	36.3	15.3	9.6	25.9	21.3
	3-off-farm regular worker	31.1	5.7	29.4	0.4	8.6	12.9
	4-Off-farm informal / casual worker (paid by the day)	25.1	45.4	35.3	9.4	18.5	24.9
	5-other	0.2	7.9	8.2	3.6	16.4	6.8
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
only for respondents who are not household head’s

Figure 1.14: Household head’s main employment

1.10 Q17 Income

Table 1.19: Answers to question Q17 on average monthly household income
stat	income.responses	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	Answers to questions	498	6	58	501	503	1566
	He prefers not to answer	60	506	42	17	0	625
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	Answers to questions	89.25	1.17	58.00	96.72	100.00	71.47
	He prefers not to answer	10.75	98.83	42.00	3.28	0.00	28.53
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Table 1.20: Average monthly household income from the following sources - summary statistics
sources	country	Mean	st.Dev	min	Q1	Median	Q3	max
1-Farm income	KE	1,183.48	3,339.03	0	0	0	500.0	50,000
	MO	141.67	215.45	0	0	50	175.0	550
	TN	300.00		300	300	300	300.0	300
	TZ	69,573.18	101,203.15	0	10,000	30,000	86,000.0	1,000,000
	UG	151,629.19	938,229.35	0	0	20,000	100,000.0	15,000,000
	Total	62,168.91	448,378.52	0	0	5,000	50,000.0	15,000,000
2-Non-farm income	KE	2,803.24	6,533.95	0	0	0	3,000.0	80,000
	MO	1,600.00	1,972.82	200	275	600	2,425.0	5,000
	TN	0.00		0	0	0	0.0	0
	TZ	43,671.74	80,784.87	0	0	12,000	50,000.0	600,000
	UG	367,833.95	1,269,520.46	0	0	150,000	300,000.0	17,900,000
	Total	99,958.52	614,796.97	0	0	3,000	50,000.0	17,900,000
3-Remittances	KE	5,658.74	10,674.38	0	0	2,400	7,000.0	129,000
	MO	0.00	0.00	0	0	0	0.0	0
	TN	0.00		0	0	0	0.0	0
	TZ	1,608.22	9,918.41	0	0	0	0.0	180,000
	UG	553.51	6,781.50	0	0	0	0.0	100,000
	Total	2,853.90	9,827.16	0	0	0	2,000.0	180,000
4-Subsidy/aid	KE	55.43	506.87	0	0	0	0.0	8,000
	MO	0.00	0.00	0	0	0	0.0	0
	TN	0.00		0	0	0	0.0	0
	TZ	1,408.15	9,644.31	0	0	0	0.0	160,000
	UG	3,191.88	18,615.41	0	0	0	0.0	200,000
	Total	1,296.96	10,745.87	0	0	0	0.0	200,000
Total	KE	9,700.89	12,531.85	100	2,550	6,000	12,000.0	129,000
	MO	1,741.67	1,878.41	300	475	875	2,512.5	5,000
	TN	300.00		300	300	300	300.0	300
	TZ	116,261.29	139,015.94	3,000	30,000	70,000	150,000.0	1,550,000
	UG	523,208.52	1,788,178.65	5,000	100,000	220,000	400,000.0	21,000,000
	Total	166,278.29	865,937.21	100	9,000	40,000	150,000.0	21,000,000
values in Local Currency

Table 1.21: Exchange rates Euro-Local currency
country	currency	exchange rate
KE	Kenyan Shilling	0.00770
MO	Moroccan Dirham	0.09100
TN	Tunisian Dinar	0.30000
TZ	Tanzanian Shilling	0.00041
UG	Ugandan Shilling	0.00025

Table 1.22: Average monthly household income from the following sources - summary statistics
sources	country	Mean	st.Dev	min	Q1	Median	Q3	max
1-Farm income	KE	9.11	25.71	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.85	385.00
	MO	12.89	19.61	0.00	0.00	4.55	15.92	50.05
	TN	90.00		90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00
	TZ	28.53	41.49	0.00	4.10	12.30	35.26	410.00
	UG	37.91	234.56	0.00	0.00	5.00	25.00	3,750.00
	Total	23.44	114.83	0.00	0.00	4.62	23.10	3,750.00
2-Non-farm income	KE	21.58	50.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	23.10	616.00
	MO	145.60	179.53	18.20	25.02	54.60	220.68	455.00
	TN	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TZ	17.91	33.12	0.00	0.00	4.92	20.50	246.00
	UG	91.96	317.38	0.00	0.00	37.50	75.00	4,475.00
	Total	36.21	156.94	0.00	0.00	7.70	37.50	4,475.00
3-Remittances	KE	43.57	82.19	0.00	0.00	18.48	53.90	993.30
	MO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TN	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TZ	0.66	4.07	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	73.80
	UG	0.14	1.70	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	25.00
	Total	16.30	54.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	7.70	993.30
4-Subsidy/aid	KE	0.43	3.90	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	61.60
	MO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TN	0.00		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	TZ	0.58	3.95	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	65.60
	UG	0.80	4.65	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	50.00
	Total	0.57	4.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	65.60
Total	KE	74.70	96.50	0.77	19.63	46.20	92.40	993.30
	MO	158.49	170.94	27.30	43.22	79.62	228.64	455.00
	TN	90.00		90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00	90.00
	TZ	47.67	57.00	1.23	12.30	28.70	61.50	635.50
	UG	130.80	447.04	1.25	25.00	55.00	100.00	5,250.00
	Total	76.52	223.28	0.77	16.40	38.95	82.00	5,250.00
values in Euro

Figure 1.15: Monthly household income - distribution

Figure 1.16: Monthly household income - sources distribution

Figure 1.17: Monthly household income - outlier detection; method used: Gini’s mean difference

Figure 1.18: Monthly household income (in Euro) - sources distribution excluding outliers

Table 1.23: Monthly household income - % composition by source
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
1-Farm income	12.2	22.6	100	61.4	34.4	34.9
2-Non-farm income	31.9	77.4	0	35.2	63.2	44.7
3-Remittances	55.1	0.0	0	1.9	0.1	18.5
4-Subsidy/aid	0.8	0.0	0	1.5	2.3	1.9
Total	100.0	100.0	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
outliers excluded from analysis

Figure 1.19: Monthly household income - % composition by source (outliers excluded from analysis)

Table 1.24: Average monthly income (Euro)
variable	levels	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
Total	Total	67.05	158.49	371.33	45.36	85.77	77.81
age class	[15,20]	69.83	0.00	0.00	40.03	76.57	57.74
	(20,25]	59.97	0.00	291.43	55.24	86.36	71.22
	(25,30]	68.71	65.97	425.00	41.05	100.19	89.48
	(30,35]	78.19	150.15	394.00	48.31	81.09	90.76
	(35,49]	63.15	259.35	329.83	38.40	77.88	85.45
education	1-Illiterate	0.00	144.08	122.57	42.27	62.19	53.26
	2-No qualification/literate	0.00	36.40	172.50	43.21	123.90	117.45
	3-Primary	48.03	455.00	285.00	48.11	89.21	64.98
	4-Secondary	76.15	0.00	435.00	44.60	91.35	95.78
	5-More than secondary	93.60	27.30	528.86	16.40	146.88	165.54
	6-other	22.07	0.00	390.00	0.00	56.33	89.32
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	58.36	27.30	191.80	28.16	51.46	54.41
	2-We experienced some difficulties	63.00	124.37	276.67	43.97	69.97	60.92
	3-We had about what we needed	134.40	455.00	255.00	58.83	79.72	84.08
	4-Yes we had what we needed	175.18	95.55	416.84	59.41	106.37	118.73
	5-Yes more than enough	57.75	0.00	746.67	109.33	160.73	339.88
outliers excluded from analysis

Figure 1.20: Monthly household income (in Euro) by country; outliers excluded from analysis

Table 1.25: Test on differences between average monthly income by the following variables:
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Kruskal-Wallis	213.76	4	4.1e-45	***
age class	Kruskal-Wallis	13.89	4	0.0077	**
education	Kruskal-Wallis	86.90	5	3.0e-17	***
food needs	Kruskal-Wallis	118.83	4	9.5e-25	***

Table 1.26: Test on differences between average monthly income and the following variables in each country (Kruskal-Wallis test)
variable	country	statistic	df	p.value	Signif
age class	KE	2.59	4	0.6290
	MO	0.86	2	0.6514
	TN	2.28	3	0.5159
	TZ	9.40	4	0.0519	.
	UG	6.81	4	0.1462
	Total	13.89	4	0.0077	**
education	KE	34.85	3	1.3e-07	***
	MO	4.43	3	0.2188
	TN	25.84	5	9.6e-05	***
	TZ	1.74	4	0.7838
	UG	28.68	5	2.7e-05	***
	Total	86.90	5	3.0e-17	***
food needs	KE	27.83	4	1.4e-05	***
	MO	3.67	3	0.2998
	TN	24.15	4	7.4e-05	***
	TZ	53.10	4	8.1e-11	***
	UG	21.80	4	0.0002	***
	Total	118.83	4	9.5e-25	***

2 Q18 Worries

Table 2.1: Worries for the near future
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
Food shortage/starvation	3.71	4.49	4.19	3.56	2.85	3.68
Infestation (insects,boars)/pest/fish disease	3.38	3.65	3.28	2.89	3.39	3.33
Dispossession of land	1.93	2.46	2.74	1.56	1.96	2.01
Cost increase (price of seed,fertilizer,feed)	3.60	3.91	3.14	2.76	3.48	3.43
Health (human disease)	3.05	4.34	4.32	2.61	3.15	3.33
Drinking water shortage	3.50	4.49	3.98	1.47	1.54	2.82
Climatic event (flood,drought,storm)	3.34	4.08	3.69	1.99	3.19	3.17
Loss of home	1.98	3.92	3.04	1.46	1.76	2.31
Increase of food prices	3.80	4.61	4.78	3.92	3.46	3.98
Loss of job	3.06	4.30	3.36	1.65	2.85	2.98
Income reduction	3.03	4.52	3.81	3.58	3.27	3.60
Social problems (theft,violence,or crime)	3.03	3.94	2.66	2.34	2.25	2.88
average values on a scale from 1: Not at all important to 5: Very important

Figure 2.1: Worries for the near future sorted by importance; average values on a scale from 1: Not at all important to 5: Very important

3 Your food choices

3.1 Q1 Where the household obtained/bought food products in the last year

Table 3.1: Where the household obtained/bought food products
products	where	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
Cereals and cereals products	0-Not used	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.0	2.0	0	0.2	0.2	0.5
	2-Produced in our household	28.9	7.4	83	90.9	83.5	53.5
	3-Bought in the village	91.0	56.8	76	66.0	15.3	59.1
	4-Bought in another village/city	1.4	39.3	1	23.4	1.2	15.4
Vegetables	0-Not used	0.0	0.0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.5	0.4	0	0.8	4.2	1.4
	2-Produced in our household	17.4	3.1	55	60.6	74.4	39.1
	3-Bought in the village	90.5	58.8	90	67.6	20.3	61.5
	4-Bought in another village/city	4.7	40.0	5	15.4	1.4	14.7
Legumes and pulses	0-Not used	0.4	0.0	0	0.6	0.0	0.2
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.0	0.2	0	0.0	0.2	0.1
	2-Produced in our household	20.8	2.3	21	63.1	84.5	41.1
	3-Bought in the village	90.9	58.6	94	57.9	14.7	58.2
	4-Bought in another village/city	1.6	40.2	3	18.7	0.6	14.5
Fruits	0-Not used	0.2	0.0	0	1.5	0.0	0.4
	1-Gathered in the wild	1.3	0.4	0	4.2	3.8	2.3
	2-Produced in our household	30.5	2.0	25	18.3	81.7	32.5
	3-Bought in the village	89.8	59.6	96	76.1	14.3	62.4
	4-Bought in another village/city	1.4	39.1	8	20.5	0.2	14.7
Meat	0-Not used	0.5	0.0	0	4.1	0.0	1.1
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.2	0.2	0	0.0	0.0	0.1
	2-Produced in our household	10.2	2.0	35	17.6	1.4	9.1
	3-Bought in the village	99.3	59.4	97	78.6	61.6	76.3
	4-Bought in another village/city	0.4	39.1	9	19.1	37.6	22.8
Fish	0-Not used	2.2	0.0	0	7.5	0.0	2.3
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0.2	0.0
	2-Produced in our household	0.4	2.0	0	0.6	0.6	0.8
	3-Bought in the village	90.9	59.0	83	66.0	71.6	72.8
	4-Bought in another village/city	7.2	39.8	18	29.0	27.6	25.1
Oils and fats	0-Not used	0.4	0.0	0	2.3	0.0	0.6
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.0	0.4	0	0.0	0.0	0.1
	2-Produced in our household	1.4	27.1	42	1.4	0.6	9.1
	3-Bought in the village	98.2	48.2	89	84.0	93.2	81.6
	4-Bought in another village/city	0.4	35.2	9	14.5	6.2	13.6
Dairies	0-Not used	0.0	0.6	0	12.2	0.0	3.0
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.0	0.2	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	2-Produced in our household	10.6	17.4	21	4.8	9.9	11.1
	3-Bought in the village	94.3	51.8	93	71.2	84.9	76.7
	4-Bought in another village/city	1.8	34.4	2	13.3	5.8	13.1
Eggs	0-Not used	0.5	0.4	0	11.2	0.2	2.9
	1-Gathered in the wild	0.9	0.4	0	0.0	0.4	0.4
	2-Produced in our household	33.5	12.3	46	24.1	30.0	26.1
	3-Bought in the village	81.0	56.1	87	62.7	62.6	66.9
	4-Bought in another village/city	0.2	36.7	2	12.0	7.0	13.1
multiple responses

Figure 3.1: Where the household obtained/bought food products

3.2 Q2 Share of the food consumed that is produced by the household, gathered in the wild or provided to you for free

Table 3.2: Share of the food consumed that is produced by the household, gathered in the wild or provided to you for free
stat	Q2	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	244	264	57	139	29	733
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	63	101	12	117	64	357
	3-About half (50%)	107	65	13	113	62	360
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	96	9	13	93	205	416
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	48	73	5	56	143	325
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	43.7	51.6	57.0	26.8	5.8	33.5
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	11.3	19.7	12.0	22.6	12.7	16.3
	3-About half (50%)	19.2	12.7	13.0	21.8	12.3	16.4
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	17.2	1.8	13.0	18.0	40.8	19.0
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	8.6	14.3	5.0	10.8	28.4	14.8
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Figure 3.2: Share of the food consumed that is produced by the household, gathered in the wild or provided to you for free

3.3 Q3 Share of household income spent on purchased food

Table 3.3: Share of household income spent on purchased food
stat	Q3	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	29	135	5	34	174	377
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	61	143	14	110	143	471
	3-About half (50%)	93	123	37	143	84	480
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	245	40	32	161	65	543
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	130	71	12	70	37	320
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	5.2	26.4	5.0	6.6	34.6	17.2
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	10.9	27.9	14.0	21.2	28.4	21.5
	3-About half (50%)	16.7	24.0	37.0	27.6	16.7	21.9
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	43.9	7.8	32.0	31.1	12.9	24.8
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	23.3	13.9	12.0	13.5	7.4	14.6
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Figure 3.3: Share of household income spent on purchased food

Table 3.4: Share of household income spent on purchased food - %
	Q3.Share of household income spent on purchased food
KE	Total	Total	5.2	11.0	16.7	44.0	23.2	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	4.1	7.0	7.8	51.2	29.9	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	9.5	14.3	15.9	46.0	14.3	100
		3-About half (50%)	1.9	22.4	38.3	26.2	11.2	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	9.5	9.5	18.9	54.7	7.4	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	4.2	4.2	10.4	22.9	58.3	100
	age	[15,20]	7.5	1.5	13.4	53.7	23.9	100
		(20,25]	3.5	11.2	21.2	44.1	20.0	100
		(25,30]	7.3	13.3	12.7	46.7	20.0	100
		(30,35]	2.0	13.3	16.3	39.8	28.6	100
		(35,49]	6.9	11.1	18.1	34.7	29.2	100
	education	1-Illiterate	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0
		2-No qualification/literate	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100
		3-Primary	4.2	9.3	16.7	45.8	24.1	100
		4-Secondary	5.2	12.7	16.4	43.3	22.4	100
		5-More than secondary	8.7	8.7	18.8	40.6	23.2	100
		6-other	0.0	0.0	0.0	66.7	33.3	100
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	4.7	12.8	12.3	46.0	24.2	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	3.8	8.2	24.1	42.4	21.5	100
		3-We had about what we needed	8.3	4.2	29.2	45.8	12.5	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	26.7	6.7	26.7	13.3	26.7	100
		5-Yes more than enough	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	100
MO	Total	Total	26.4	27.9	24.0	7.8	13.9	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	42.4	30.3	14.8	8.3	4.2	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	17.8	49.5	7.9	9.9	14.9	100
		3-About half (50%)	4.6	20.0	46.2	4.6	24.6	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	11.1	0.0	44.4	22.2	22.2	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	1.4	0.0	57.5	4.1	37.0	100
	age	[15,20]	15.4	30.8	38.5	7.7	7.7	100
		(20,25]	22.2	28.9	27.8	6.7	14.4	100
		(25,30]	23.4	28.3	22.8	8.3	17.2	100
		(30,35]	30.3	28.4	23.9	4.6	12.8	100
		(35,49]	29.7	26.5	21.9	10.3	11.6	100
	education	1-Illiterate	24.6	24.6	25.1	11.4	14.3	100
		2-No qualification/literate	40.5	29.7	24.3	2.7	2.7	100
		3-Primary	20.7	30.0	17.3	9.3	22.7	100
		4-Secondary	27.8	30.0	31.1	4.4	6.7	100
		5-More than secondary	37.0	31.5	20.4	1.9	9.3	100
		6-other	16.7	0.0	83.3	0.0	0.0	100
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	14.7	33.3	8.3	10.9	32.7	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	34.9	25.8	27.5	5.7	6.0	100
		3-We had about what we needed	16.7	30.6	50.0	2.8	0.0	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	10.0	15.0	40.0	25.0	10.0	100
		5-Yes more than enough	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	100
TN	Total	Total	5.0	14.0	37.0	32.0	12.0	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	1.8	12.3	35.1	36.8	14.0	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	0.0	16.7	33.3	25.0	25.0	100
		3-About half (50%)	0.0	23.1	46.2	30.8	0.0	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	15.4	15.4	30.8	30.8	7.7	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	40.0	0.0	60.0	0.0	0.0	100
	age	[15,20]	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0
		(20,25]	0.0	0.0	58.3	25.0	16.7	100
		(25,30]	6.9	10.3	27.6	44.8	10.3	100
		(30,35]	3.2	12.9	51.6	19.4	12.9	100
		(35,49]	7.1	25.0	21.4	35.7	10.7	100
	education	1-Illiterate	5.6	27.8	22.2	33.3	11.1	100
		2-No qualification/literate	0.0	0.0	33.3	0.0	66.7	100
		3-Primary	0.0	9.5	57.1	14.3	19.0	100
		4-Secondary	8.6	11.4	34.3	34.3	11.4	100
		5-More than secondary	4.5	13.6	36.4	45.5	0.0	100
		6-other	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	100
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	0.0	16.7	29.2	29.2	25.0	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	4.2	20.8	37.5	29.2	8.3	100
		3-We had about what we needed	0.0	10.0	30.0	20.0	40.0	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	6.7	3.3	53.3	36.7	0.0	100
		5-Yes more than enough	16.7	25.0	16.7	41.7	0.0	100
TZ	Total	Total	6.6	21.2	27.6	31.1	13.5	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	3.6	14.4	19.4	34.5	28.1	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	2.6	10.3	23.9	53.8	9.4	100
		3-About half (50%)	3.5	23.0	41.6	24.8	7.1	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	8.6	43.0	30.1	12.9	5.4	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	25.0	21.4	23.2	17.9	12.5	100
	age	[15,20]	6.3	23.1	25.9	32.2	12.6	100
		(20,25]	4.9	20.4	25.4	38.0	11.3	100
		(25,30]	10.2	16.3	32.7	28.6	12.2	100
		(30,35]	8.8	20.6	26.5	25.0	19.1	100
		(35,49]	3.0	26.9	29.9	23.9	16.4	100
	education	1-Illiterate	5.7	20.8	28.8	32.5	12.3	100
		2-No qualification/literate	16.7	16.7	16.7	16.7	33.3	100
		3-Primary	7.1	21.6	28.0	30.2	13.1	100
		4-Secondary	6.7	20.0	16.7	33.3	23.3	100
		5-More than secondary	0.0	50.0	50.0	0.0	0.0	100
		6-other	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	6.3	12.7	25.4	31.7	23.8	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	4.9	22.1	27.9	34.5	10.6	100
		3-We had about what we needed	9.6	27.7	27.7	26.5	8.4	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	8.9	21.5	31.6	26.6	11.4	100
		5-Yes more than enough	0.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100
UG	Total	Total	34.6	28.4	16.7	12.9	7.4	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	17.2	6.9	6.9	34.5	34.5	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	1.6	21.9	21.9	42.2	12.5	100
		3-About half (50%)	0.0	16.1	59.7	19.4	4.8	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	29.3	46.8	12.7	7.3	3.9	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	75.5	14.7	3.5	0.7	5.6	100
	age	[15,20]	37.1	27.8	19.6	9.3	6.2	100
		(20,25]	30.7	32.5	18.4	12.3	6.1	100
		(25,30]	36.9	24.3	18.9	12.6	7.2	100
		(30,35]	36.1	31.9	8.3	15.3	8.3	100
		(35,49]	35.0	21.7	13.3	18.3	11.7	100
	education	1-Illiterate	42.2	23.5	15.1	10.8	8.4	100
		2-No qualification/literate	20.4	29.6	9.3	22.2	18.5	100
		3-Primary	32.5	36.1	20.5	8.4	2.4	100
		4-Secondary	34.0	23.7	16.5	19.6	6.2	100
		5-More than secondary	29.4	29.4	17.6	11.8	11.8	100
		6-other	33.3	0.0	33.3	0.0	33.3	100
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	18.6	7.0	14.0	23.3	37.2	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	24.8	33.8	18.6	17.9	4.8	100
		3-We had about what we needed	41.4	27.3	20.3	8.6	2.3	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	38.2	31.8	14.1	10.6	5.3	100
		5-Yes more than enough	70.6	11.8	5.9	0.0	11.8	100
Total	Total	Total	17.2	21.5	21.9	24.8	14.6	100
	Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	18.1	17.2	14.6	30.8	19.2	100
		2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	7.8	24.4	17.9	37.0	12.9	100
		3-About half (50%)	2.5	21.1	44.7	20.8	10.8	100
		4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	19.3	35.4	19.3	20.5	5.5	100
		5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	39.1	10.8	20.9	7.7	21.5	100
	age	[15,20]	16.2	20.3	21.9	28.7	12.8	100
		(20,25]	14.4	22.0	23.2	27.4	13.0	100
		(25,30]	18.4	20.1	21.2	25.7	14.6	100
		(30,35]	18.0	22.5	21.7	20.6	17.2	100
		(35,49]	19.9	22.8	21.2	20.4	15.7	100
	education	1-Illiterate	22.1	22.9	23.5	19.8	11.7	100
		2-No qualification/literate	26.7	28.7	15.8	13.9	14.9	100
		3-Primary	13.8	22.5	22.3	25.7	15.7	100
		4-Secondary	14.8	18.1	20.2	31.0	16.0	100
		5-More than secondary	19.5	19.5	22.0	25.0	14.0	100
		6-other	15.4	0.0	46.2	23.1	15.4	100
	food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	7.9	17.1	14.4	33.8	26.8	100
		2-We experienced some difficulties	18.6	22.8	25.7	22.9	10.0	100
		3-We had about what we needed	24.6	25.3	27.4	16.7	6.0	100
		4-Yes we had what we needed	25.5	24.2	24.5	18.2	7.6	100
		5-Yes more than enough	38.9	25.0	13.9	13.9	8.3	100

Figure 3.4: Share of household income spent on purchased food

3.3.1 Q3 treated on a numeric scale

Table 3.5: Q3.Share of household income spent on purchased food
variable	levels	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
Total	Total	3.69	2.55	3.32	3.24	2.30	2.98
Q2.food not purchased	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	3.96	2.02	3.49	3.69	3.62	3.16
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	3.41	2.54	3.58	3.57	3.42	3.23
	3-About half (50%)	3.22	3.25	3.08	3.09	3.13	3.16
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	3.41	3.44	3.00	2.63	2.10	2.58
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	4.27	3.75	2.20	2.71	1.46	2.62
age	[15,20]	3.85	2.62	0.00	3.22	2.20	3.02
	(20,25]	3.66	2.62	3.58	3.30	2.31	3.03
	(25,30]	3.59	2.68	3.41	3.16	2.29	2.98
	(30,35]	3.80	2.41	3.26	3.25	2.28	2.97
	(35,49]	3.68	2.48	3.18	3.24	2.50	2.89
education	1-Illiterate	0.00	2.66	3.17	3.25	2.20	2.76
	2-No qualification/literate	2.00	1.97	4.33	3.33	2.89	2.61
	3-Primary	3.76	2.83	3.43	3.21	2.12	3.07
	4-Secondary	3.65	2.32	3.29	3.47	2.40	3.15
	5-More than secondary	3.61	2.15	3.23	2.50	2.47	2.95
	6-other	4.33	2.67	4.00	0.00	3.00	3.23
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	3.72	3.13	3.62	3.54	3.53	3.55
	2-We experienced some difficulties	3.70	2.22	3.17	3.24	2.44	2.83
	3-We had about what we needed	3.50	2.39	3.90	2.96	2.03	2.54
	4-Yes we had what we needed	3.07	3.10	3.20	3.10	2.13	2.58
	5-Yes more than enough	5.00	3.00	2.83	2.00	1.71	2.28
average values on a scale from 1:A very limited part (less than 25%) to 5:Almost all (from 75% to 100%)

Share of household income spent on purchased food; average values on a scale from 1:A very limited part (less than 25%) to 5:Almost all (from 75% to 100%)

Figure 3.5: Share of household income spent on purchased food; average values on a scale from 1:A very limited part (less than 25%) to 5:Almost all (from 75% to 100%)

Table 3.6: Test on differences in Share of household income spent on purchased food by the following variables:
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Kruskal-Wallis	381.65	4	2.6e-81	***
Q2 food not purchased	Kruskal-Wallis	96.95	4	4.4e-20	***
age class	Kruskal-Wallis	2.78	4	0.5945
education	Kruskal-Wallis	37.27	5	5.3e-07	***
food needs	Kruskal-Wallis	212.03	4	9.7e-45	***

Table 3.7: Test on differences between Share of household income spent on purchased food and the following variables in each country (Kruskal-Wallis test)
variable	country	statistic	df	p.value	Signif
age class	KE	3.92	4	0.4175
	MO	3.44	4	0.4863
	TN	1.69	3	0.6383
	TZ	0.94	4	0.9193
	UG	1.57	4	0.8140
	Total	2.78	4	0.5945
education	KE	4.36	4	0.3590
	MO	20.19	5	0.0012	**
	TN	3.55	5	0.6152
	TZ	2.77	4	0.5963
	UG	14.00	5	0.0156	*
	Total	37.27	5	5.3e-07	***
food needs	KE	6.39	4	0.1718
	MO	42.10	4	1.6e-08	***
	TN	7.11	4	0.1301
	TZ	20.96	4	0.0003	***
	UG	44.76	4	4.5e-09	***
	Total	212.03	4	9.7e-45	***
Q2 food not purchased	KE	74.90	4	2.1e-15	***
	MO	134.55	4	4.1e-28	***
	TN	8.39	4	0.0784	.
	TZ	75.76	4	1.4e-15	***
	UG	197.25	4	1.5e-41	***
	Total	96.95	4	4.4e-20	***

4 Empowerment

4.1 Q19 Role in household decision making

Table 4.1:
variable	country	1-You	2-Another household member	3-You and another household member jointly	4-You and another household member seperately	5-Someone outside the household	0-Household is not involved in this activity	Total
What resources to buy/use	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
How to grow crops/raise animals/produce handicraft	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
How much of the production to sell or to consume	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
How to spend the money	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
Whether or not to take out a loan	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
How to educate your children	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
How to deal with health care issues	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
What to eat	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100
Where you go and when	KE	0.0	14.5	37.0	47.2	0.9	0.4	100
MO	55.7	4.5	33.2	5.1	1.4	0.2	100
TN	40.0	11.0	34.0	15.0	0.0	0.0	100
TZ	0.8	9.7	38.8	50.0	0.8	0.0	100
UG	1.2	26.6	43.7	27.6	0.8	0.0	100
Total	15.3	13.7	37.9	32.1	0.9	0.1	100

Figure 4.1: In your household, who normally makes most of the decisions about these activities?

4.2 Q20 Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household

Table 4.2: Answers to question Q20 on Happiness
stat	resp.Q20	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	Answers to questions	272	491	89	403	337	1592
	He prefers not to answer	285	21	11	115	166	598
	NA	1	0	0	0	0	1
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	Answers to questions	48.75	95.90	89.00	77.80	67.00	72.66
	He prefers not to answer	51.08	4.10	11.00	22.20	33.00	27.29
	NA	0.18	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Table 4.3: Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household
stat	Q20	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	1-Extremely unhappy	9	31	0	0	0	40
	2-Unhappy	3	13	14	45	21	96
	3-Neither happy not unhappy	18	31	17	53	46	165
	4-Happy	15	151	17	53	50	286
	5-Extremely happy	226	265	41	252	220	1004
	Total	271	491	89	403	337	1591
col.%	1-Extremely unhappy	3.32	6.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.51
	2-Unhappy	1.11	2.65	15.73	11.17	6.23	6.03
	3-Neither happy not unhappy	6.64	6.31	19.10	13.15	13.65	10.37
	4-Happy	5.54	30.75	19.10	13.15	14.84	17.98
	5-Extremely happy	83.39	53.97	46.07	62.53	65.28	63.10
	Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Table 4.4: Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household - summary statistics project level
variable	levels	n	perc	mean	st.dev	min	Q1	median	Q3	max
age	[15,20]	234	14.7	4.34	1.13	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
(20,25]	391	24.6	4.49	0.88	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
(25,30]	382	24.0	4.38	1.04	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
(30,35]	282	17.7	4.17	1.13	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
(35,49]	302	19.0	4.20	1.08	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
education	1-Illiterate	469	29.5	4.22	1.10	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
2-No qualification/literate	81	5.1	4.16	1.18	1	3.0	5.0	5	5
3-Primary	581	36.5	4.34	1.01	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
4-Secondary	338	21.2	4.42	1.04	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
5-More than secondary	110	6.9	4.65	0.76	1	5.0	5.0	5	5
6-other	12	0.8	4.00	1.28	1	3.0	4.5	5	5
role in household	1-household head	139	8.7	4.02	1.21	1	3.0	5.0	5	5
2-head's wife / head's daughter / niece / grandduaghter	1,388	87.2	4.36	1.03	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
3-head's relative (mother/sister/cousin...)	36	2.3	4.22	1.17	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
4-other	28	1.8	4.75	0.52	3	5.0	5.0	5	5
income food	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	285	17.9	4.38	0.94	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	363	22.8	4.37	1.09	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
3-About half (50%)	345	21.7	4.23	1.17	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	384	24.1	4.38	0.99	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	214	13.5	4.29	0.97	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	488	30.7	4.20	1.20	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
2-We experienced some difficulties	665	41.8	4.34	1.00	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
3-We had about what we needed	209	13.1	4.37	0.97	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
4-Yes we had what we needed	210	13.2	4.56	0.85	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
5-Yes more than enough	19	1.2	4.63	0.68	3	4.5	5.0	5	5
Total	Total	1,591	100.0	4.33	1.05	1	4.0	5.0	5	5
values on a scale from 1:Extremely unhappy to 5:Extremely happy

Table 4.5: Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household by country
variable	levels	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
Total	Total	4.65	4.23	3.96	4.27	4.39	4.33
age	[15,20]	4.36	3.33	0.00	4.28	4.61	4.34
(20,25]	4.71	4.42	4.20	4.42	4.48	4.49
(25,30]	4.78	4.22	4.29	4.39	4.39	4.38
(30,35]	4.57	4.22	3.92	3.87	4.15	4.17
(35,49]	4.77	4.23	3.56	4.20	4.10	4.20
education	1-Illiterate	0.00	4.08	3.29	4.38	4.32	4.22
2-No qualification/literate	0.00	4.11	3.33	4.60	4.22	4.16
3-Primary	4.59	4.42	3.58	4.21	4.41	4.34
4-Secondary	4.66	4.08	4.22	3.94	4.60	4.42
5-More than secondary	4.79	4.59	4.59	4.00	4.75	4.65
6-other	4.50	4.00	5.00	0.00	3.33	4.00
role in household	1-household head	4.44	4.32	4.08	3.51	3.92	4.02
2-head's wife / head's daughter / niece / grandduaghter	4.63	4.23	3.93	4.35	4.43	4.36
3-head's relative (mother/sister/cousin...)	5.00	4.00	4.00	4.40	3.75	4.22
4-other	4.89	4.33	0.00	4.00	4.80	4.75
income food	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	4.17	4.28	4.75	4.59	4.45	4.38
2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	4.72	4.21	3.46	4.43	4.56	4.37
3-About half (50%)	4.50	4.05	4.03	4.36	4.29	4.23
4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	4.71	4.17	4.26	4.16	4.27	4.38
5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	4.62	4.56	3.25	3.94	3.91	4.29
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	4.64	4.12	2.96	4.04	3.45	4.20
2-We experienced some difficulties	4.67	4.29	3.95	4.35	4.30	4.34
3-We had about what we needed	4.50	4.18	4.00	4.31	4.52	4.37
4-Yes we had what we needed	5.00	4.61	4.54	4.35	4.65	4.56
5-Yes more than enough	0.00	3.00	5.00	4.00	4.57	4.63
average values on a scale from 1:Extremely unhappy to 5:Extremely happy

Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household; average values on a scale from 1:Extremely unhappy to 5:Extremely happy

Figure 4.2: Happiness about responsibility / role in making decisions in household; average values on a scale from 1:Extremely unhappy to 5:Extremely happy

4.3 Q21 Participation in groups and ties in the community: regularly attend meetings of the groups

Table 4.6: Number of different types of groups attended
stat	n.groups	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	0	205	504	81	395	259	1444
	1	52	5	8	75	148	288
	2	50	0	2	19	56	127
	3	55	0	4	19	28	106
	4	56	1	1	9	9	76
	5	93	0	3	1	3	100
	6	47	2	1	0	0	50
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	0	36.7	98.4	81.0	76.3	51.5	65.9
	1	9.3	1.0	8.0	14.5	29.4	13.1
	2	9.0	0.0	2.0	3.7	11.1	5.8
	3	9.9	0.0	4.0	3.7	5.6	4.8
	4	10.0	0.2	1.0	1.7	1.8	3.5
	5	16.7	0.0	3.0	0.2	0.6	4.6
	6	8.4	0.4	1.0	0.0	0.0	2.3
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Table 4.7: Participation in groups
stat	variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	Women’s group/association/cooperative	277	8	11	66	92	454
	Credit or microfinance group	235	2	18	54	100	409
	Community farmer/worker association/health association or group	173	3	7	12	26	221
	Group with members of the community	259	3	1	19	61	343
	Mutual/self-help group	261	3	6	58	110	438
	Other groups	83	2	6	2	6	99
	Respondents	558	512	100	518	503	2191
% on respondents	Women’s group/association/cooperative	49.6	1.6	11.0	12.7	18.3	20.7
	Credit or microfinance group	42.1	0.4	18.0	10.4	19.9	18.7
	Community farmer/worker association/health association or group	31.0	0.6	7.0	2.3	5.2	10.1
	Group with members of the community	46.4	0.6	1.0	3.7	12.1	15.7
	Mutual/self-help group	46.8	0.6	6.0	11.2	21.9	20.0
	Other groups	14.9	0.4	6.0	0.4	1.2	4.5
multiple responses

Figure 4.3: Participation in groups

Figure 4.4: Number of different types of groups attended; average values

Table 4.8: Number of different types of groups attended - summary statistics
variable	levels	n	perc	mean	st.dev	median	Q3	max
country	KE	557	25.4	2.30	2.20	2	4.00	6
	MO	512	23.4	0.04	0.42	0	0.00	6
	TN	100	4.6	0.49	1.25	0	0.00	6
	TZ	518	23.7	0.41	0.89	0	0.00	5
	UG	503	23.0	0.79	1.03	0	1.00	5
age class	[15,20]	320	14.6	0.42	1.07	0	0.00	6
	(20,25]	577	26.3	0.79	1.41	0	1.00	6
	(25,30]	533	24.3	1.14	1.77	0	2.00	6
	(30,35]	378	17.3	1.07	1.72	0	1.00	6
	(35,49]	382	17.4	0.94	1.68	0	1.00	6
education	1-Illiterate	571	26.1	0.31	0.74	0	0.00	6
	2-No qualification/literate	101	4.6	0.56	1.17	0	1.00	6
	3-Primary	821	37.5	0.94	1.57	0	1.00	6
	4-Secondary	520	23.7	1.36	1.94	0	2.25	6
	5-More than secondary	164	7.5	1.43	2.03	0	3.00	6
	6-other	13	0.6	0.54	1.13	0	1.00	4
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	708	32.3	1.14	1.86	0	2.00	6
	2-We experienced some difficulties	851	38.9	0.79	1.54	0	1.00	6
	3-We had about what we needed	281	12.8	0.67	1.16	0	1.00	5
	4-Yes we had what we needed	314	14.3	0.76	1.20	0	1.00	5
	5-Yes more than enough	36	1.6	1.56	1.76	1	2.25	6
Total	Total	2,190	100.0	0.89	1.58	0	1.00	6

Table 4.9: Test on the relationship between number of groups attended and the following variables:
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Kruskal-Wallis	602.42	4	4.6e-129	***
age class	Kruskal-Wallis	45.79	4	2.7e-09	***
education	Kruskal-Wallis	105.01	5	4.6e-21	***
food needs	Kruskal-Wallis	24.13	4	7.5e-05	***

4.4 Q22 Your community

Your community: To what extent do you think your peers (in your community) agree with the following statements: A: “Women are just as capable as men of contributing to household income”, B: “A man’s job is to earn money; a woman’s job is to look after home and family”, C: “Women can be as good leaders as well as men”

Figure 4.5: Your community: To what extent do you think your peers (in your community) agree with the following statements: A: “Women are just as capable as men of contributing to household income”, B: “A man’s job is to earn money; a woman’s job is to look after home and family”, C: “Women can be as good leaders as well as men”

Table 4.10: Agreement with the following statements, average values
variable	levels	A	B	C
Total	.	3.69	3.40	3.84
country	KE	4.02	3.13	4.16
	MO	3.55	3.54	3.35
	TN	4.05	2.48	4.22
	TZ	3.28	3.64	3.70
	UG	3.83	3.47	4.03
age	[15,20]	3.47	3.65	3.67
	(20,25]	3.68	3.40	3.85
	(25,30]	3.83	3.31	3.90
	(30,35]	3.64	3.35	3.87
	(35,49]	3.76	3.36	3.83
education	1-Illiterate	3.50	3.65	3.58
	2-No qualification/literate	3.66	3.45	3.50
	3-Primary	3.61	3.50	3.87
	4-Secondary	3.91	3.09	4.07
	5-More than secondary	4.13	2.91	4.04
	6-other	3.46	3.54	3.77
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	3.75	3.37	4.01
	2-We experienced some difficulties	3.60	3.53	3.65
	3-We had about what we needed	3.73	3.26	3.89
	4-Yes we had what we needed	3.74	3.29	3.88
	5-Yes more than enough	4.00	2.89	4.08
values on a scale from 1:strongly disagree to 5:strongly agree
statement A: Women are just as capable as men of contributing to household income statement B A man’s job is to earn money; a woman’s job is to look after home and family statement C Women can be as good leaders as well as men

4.5 Q23 Time Use: Hours spending daily (for last month) by activity

Figure 4.6: Time Use : Hours spending daily (for last month) by activity

Table 4.11: Time Use : Hours spending daily (for last month) by activity, average values
variable	levels	domestic chores/care	work
Total	.	5.63	5.27
country	KE	4.57	6.42
	MO	7.39	4.86
	TN	7.05	7.58
	TZ	3.91	5.19
	UG	6.52	4.06
age	[15,20]	4.66	4.98
	(20,25]	5.56	4.97
	(25,30]	5.81	5.47
	(30,35]	5.94	5.52
	(35,49]	6.02	5.47
education	1-Illiterate	5.90	4.52
	2-No qualification/literate	6.35	5.53
	3-Primary	5.39	5.00
	4-Secondary	5.44	5.79
	5-More than secondary	6.04	7.47
	6-other	6.38	5.46
income food	1-A very limited part (less than 25%)	6.29	4.96
	2-Less than half (from 25% to 50%)	5.77	4.96
	3-About half (50%)	5.64	5.22
	4-More than half (from 50% to 75%)	5.07	5.59
	5-Almost all (from 75% to 100%)	5.60	5.67
food needs	1-No we experienced serious food shortages	5.47	5.71
	2-We experienced some difficulties	5.76	5.19
	3-We had about what we needed	5.41	4.74
	4-Yes we had what we needed	5.80	4.86
	5-Yes more than enough	6.22	6.42

Table 4.12: Test on the relationschip between for Hours spending daily on work in and out of the household and the following variables
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Kruskal-Wallis	230.32	4	1.1e-48	***
age class	Kruskal-Wallis	12.71	4	0.0128	*
education	Kruskal-Wallis	137.61	5	5.8e-28	***
Q3.income.for.food	Kruskal-Wallis	18.79	4	8.6e-04	***
food needs	Kruskal-Wallis	32.55	4	1.5e-06	***

Table 4.13: Test on the relationschip between for Hours spending daily on unpaid domestic chores and care work and the following variables
variable	test	statistic	df	p.value	signif
country	Kruskal-Wallis	540.75	4	1.0e-115	***
age class	Kruskal-Wallis	52.12	4	1.3e-10	***
education	Kruskal-Wallis	24.13	5	2.1e-04	***
Q3.income.for.food	Kruskal-Wallis	45.76	4	2.8e-09	***
food needs	Kruskal-Wallis	10.12	4	0.0384	*

5 Eating habits: woman and child

5.1 Q4 Yesterday was a celebration or feast or fasting day

Table 5.1: Yesterday was a celebration or feast or fasting day
stat	Q4	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
count	0-No	536	484	98	512	500	2130
	1-Yes	22	28	2	6	3	61
	Total	558	512	100	518	503	2191
col.%	0-No	96.1	94.5	98.0	98.8	99.4	97.2
	1-Yes	3.9	5.5	2.0	1.2	0.6	2.8
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

The analyzes of questions Q5, Q7 and Q8 were carried out excluding households for which the reference day was a celebration or a feast or a fast day in which special food products were eaten or in which people ate more or less than usual.

5.2 Q5 Food and drink that the respondent consumed

Table 5.2: Food and drink that the respondent consumed - count
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
01 staple foods made from grains	487	161	90	470	403	1,611
02 whole grains	121	82	23	82	389	697
03 white roots/tubers	181	400	69	189	322	1,161
04 legumes	363	86	47	226	277	999
05 vitamin A-rich orange veg	43	351	62	16	74	546
06 dark green leafy vegetables	294	230	57	362	173	1,116
07 other vegetables	429	86	76	370	383	1,344
08 vitamin A-rich fruits	432	6	0	126	178	742
09 citrus	30	338	69	17	95	549
10 other fruits	107	263	51	164	299	884
11 grain sweets	90	38	61	76	47	312
12 other sweets	104	18	17	44	54	237
13 eggs	79	128	43	14	62	326
14 cheese	2	39	22	1	2	66
15 yogurt	46	27	34	13	19	139
16 processed meat	14	15	5	0	2	36
17 unprocessed red meat (ruminant)	84	111	17	29	47	288
18 unprocessed red meat (non-ruminant)	9	4	2	9	10	34
19 poultry	21	337	73	11	13	455
20 fish & seafood	6	29	7	145	116	303
21 nuts & seeds	16	15	17	54	223	325
22 ultra-processed packaged salty snacks	13	7	4	2	2	28
23 instant noodles	21	0	0	2	1	24
24 deep fried foods	138	11	17	166	165	497
25 fluid milk	418	99	66	22	99	704
26 sweetened tea/coffee/milk drinks	450	434	86	178	321	1,469
27 fruit juice	29	22	20	36	21	128
28 SSBs (sodas)	48	10	12	27	35	132
29 fast food	3	2	1	0	1	7
Respondents	536	484	98	512	500	2,130

Table 5.3: Food and drink that the respondent consumed - % on respondents
variable	KE	MO	TN	TZ	UG	Total
01 staple foods made from grains	90.9	33.3	91.8	91.8	80.6	75.6
02 whole grains	22.6	16.9	23.5	16.0	77.8	32.7
03 white roots/tubers	33.8	82.6	70.4	36.9	64.4	54.5
04 legumes	67.7	17.8	48.0	44.1	55.4	46.9
05 vitamin A-rich orange veg	8.0	72.5	63.3	3.1	14.8	25.6
06 dark green leafy vegetables	54.9	47.5	58.2	70.7	34.6	52.4
07 other vegetables	80.0	17.8	77.6	72.3	76.6	63.1
08 vitamin A-rich fruits	80.6	1.2	0.0	24.6	35.6	34.8
09 citrus	5.6	69.8	70.4	3.3	19.0	25.8
10 other fruits	20.0	54.3	52.0	32.0	59.8	41.5
11 grain sweets	16.8	7.9	62.2	14.8	9.4	14.6
12 other sweets	19.4	3.7	17.3	8.6	10.8	11.1
13 eggs	14.7	26.4	43.9	2.7	12.4	15.3
14 cheese	0.4	8.1	22.4	0.2	0.4	3.1
15 yogurt	8.6	5.6	34.7	2.5	3.8	6.5
16 processed meat	2.6	3.1	5.1	0.0	0.4	1.7
17 unprocessed red meat (ruminant)	15.7	22.9	17.3	5.7	9.4	13.5
18 unprocessed red meat (non-ruminant)	1.7	0.8	2.0	1.8	2.0	1.6
19 poultry	3.9	69.6	74.5	2.1	2.6	21.4
20 fish & seafood	1.1	6.0	7.1	28.3	23.2	14.2
21 nuts & seeds	3.0	3.1	17.3	10.5	44.6	15.3
22 ultra-processed packaged salty snacks	2.4	1.4	4.1	0.4	0.4	1.3
23 instant noodles	3.9	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.2	1.1
24 deep fried foods	25.7	2.3	17.3	32.4	33.0	23.3
25 fluid milk	78.0	20.5	67.3	4.3	19.8	33.1
26 sweetened tea/coffee/milk drinks	84.0	89.7	87.8	34.8	64.2	69.0
27 fruit juice	5.4	4.5	20.4	7.0	4.2	6.0
28 SSBs (sodas)	9.0	2.1	12.2	5.3	7.0	6.2
29 fast food	0.6	0.4	1.0	0.0	0.2	0.3

Figure 5.1: Food and drink that the respondent consumed

5.2.1 Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS)

Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) is not validated as an indicator of nutrient adequacy for the general population, but gender equity of food group diversity can be assessed. The FGDS is a semi-continuous score (0-10), expressed as the average score out of 10 for the population.

Figure 5.2: Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution

Figure 5.3: Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution by country

Figure 5.4: Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase

Figure 5.5: Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase - average values

5.2.2 Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W)

Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (15-49) is achieved when ≥5 out of 10 specific food groups, defined for FGDS, are consumed by an individual over the course of a day.

Figure 5.6: Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD-W)

Figure 5.7: Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD-W) by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase

5.2.3 All-5: Consumed all five recommended food groups

Proportion of the total population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption in food-based dietary guidelines around the world: fruits; vegetables; pulses, nuts, or seeds; animal-source foods; and starchy staples. A score of 5 indicates minimal adherence to dietary guidelines, because people who did not consume the food groups definitely did not meet dietary guidelines. (It is therefore a minimum bar, because many people who consumed all five food groups still may not have met dietary guidelines in terms of quantities consumed.)

Figure 5.8: All-5: Consumed all five recommended food groups

Figure 5.9: Consumed all five recommended food groups (All-5) by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase

5.2.4 NCD-Protect score, NCD-Risk score and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR)

The NCD-Protect score is a score with a range from 0 to 9. It is a sub-component of the GDR score, and reflects adherence to global dietary recommendations on healthy components of the diet. The NCD-Protect score is based on food consumption from 9 healthy food groups during the past day and night. A higher score indicates inclusion of more health-promoting foods in the diet, and correlates positively with meeting global dietary recommendations. It is expressed as the average score for the population.

The NCD-Risk score is also a proxy for ultra-processed food intake. A higher NCD-Risk score is closely related to higher ultra-processed food consumption. The NCD-Risk score is a score with a range from 0 to 9. It is a sub-component of the GDR score, and reflects adherence to global dietary recommendations on components of the diet to limit or avoid. A higher score indicates higher consumption of foods and drinks to avoid or limit, and correlates negatively with meeting global dietary recommendations. The NCD-Risk score is based on food consumption from 8 food groups to limit or avoid during the past day and night (one food group, processed meat, is double weighted). This is a negative indicator, and is expressed as the average score for the population.

Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score

The GDR score is a score with a range from 0 to 18 that indicates adherence to global dietary recommendations, which include dietary factors protective against non-communicable diseases. The higher the GDR score, the more recommendations are likely to be met. The GDR score is based on food group consumption during the past day and night. The GDR score is calculated as follows: NCD-Protect - NCD-Risk + 9 = GDR score It is expressed as the average score for the population.

Figure 5.10: NCD-Protect score - distribution

Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution by country NCD-Protect score - distribution by country

Figure 5.11: Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution by country

Figure 5.12: NCD-Protect score by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase - average values

Figure 5.13: NCD-Risk score - distribution

Figure 5.14: NCD-Risk score - distribution by country

Figure 5.15: NCD-Risk score by age class, education level and share of income for food purchase - average values

Figure 5.16: Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score - distribution

Figure 5.17: Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score - distribution by country

Figure 5.18: GDR score

Figure 5.19: GDR score - average values

5.3 Q6 Eating habits - child (feeding immediately after birth and current breast- and bottle feeding)

Figure 5.20: How long after birth was he/she first put to the breast?

5.4 Eating habits - child (questions about liquids)

Figure 5.21: Liquids that your child may have had yesterday during the day or at night

5.5 Q8 Eating habits -child (DQQ for children)

Figure 5.22: Food and drink consumed by the child

5.5.1 Child Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS)

Figure 5.23: Child Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution

Figure 5.24: Child Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - distribution by country

Figure 5.25: Child Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS)

Figure 5.26: Child Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS) - average values

5.5.2 Child All-5: Consumed all five recommended food groups

Figure 5.27: Child All-5: Consumed all five recommended food groups

Figure 5.28: Child Consumed all five recommended food groups (All-5)

5.5.3 Child NCD-Protect score, NCD-Risk score and Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR)

Figure 5.29: Child NCD-Protect score - distribution

Figure 5.30: Child NCD-Protect score - distribution by country

Figure 5.31: Child NCD-Protect score - average values

Figure 5.32: Child NCD-Risk score - distribution

Figure 5.33: Child NCD-Risk score - distribution by country

Figure 5.34: Child NCD-Risk score - average values

Figure 5.35: Child Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score - distribution

Figure 5.36: Child Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score - distribution by country

Figure 5.37: Child GDR score

Figure 5.38: Child GDR score - average values

6 Eating habits: within your household

6.1 Q9 Were you and your household able to meet your food needs during the last year?

Figure 6.1: Meeting the household’s dietary needs

Figure 6.2: Meeting the household’s food needs

6.1.1 Q9 treated on a numeric scale

Figure 6.3: Meeting the household’s food needs - average values

6.2 Q10 Food shortage

Figure 6.4: Food shortage

Survey with Rural Consumers: pairs of woman-child - project level

2023-03-08