Pre-post test analysis | All respondents (833) - Does NOT exclude any learner
Pre-post test analysis | All respondents (833) - Does NOT exclude any learner | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 833 | Pre: Baseline, N = 833 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 76.5 (20.6) | 71.4 (20.9) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 44.2 (25.1) | 45.0 (24.3) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | 0.002 | ||
Mean (SD) | 36.1 (17.6) | 34.2 (14.6) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 31.3 (18.9) | 28.8 (14.8) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.6 (19.2) | 48.5 (18.1) | |
Need to achieve | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.3 (25.5) | 79.1 (25.7) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.15 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.3 (20.4) | 82.9 (20.4) | |
Resilience | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.1 (20.1) | 84.0 (20.7) | |
Values Driven | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.2 (23.8) | 74.1 (24.3) | |
Taking action and initiative | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 67.5 (25.8) | 63.8 (26.2) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.026 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.2 (15.2) | 85.8 (15.7) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.042 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.7 (16.2) | 82.4 (16.0) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.8 (17.0) | 82.9 (16.7) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.043 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.0 (14.9) | 85.9 (14.6) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.081 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.6 (14.4) | 86.7 (14.0) | |
Mobilising others | 0.088 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.9 (14.2) | 88.0 (14.3) | |
Working with others | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.4 (13.8) | 88.0 (13.8) | |
Money sense | 0.025 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.7 (17.3) | 84.1 (17.6) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≤ 1 Quest
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed < 1 Quest | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 169 | Pre: Baseline, N = 169 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | 0.031 | ||
Mean (SD) | 73.8 (22.3) | 70.2 (21.0) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 43.9 (24.9) | 42.6 (22.7) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 34.0 (15.7) | 34.1 (14.4) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 29.3 (15.8) | 29.8 (14.8) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.0 (18.5) | 50.0 (17.4) | |
Need to achieve | 0.092 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.8 (24.3) | 76.7 (27.7) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.021 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.0 (20.2) | 80.0 (22.8) | |
Resilience | 0.050 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.6 (20.6) | 79.4 (23.4) | |
Values Driven | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 73.8 (24.1) | 71.7 (25.3) | |
Taking action and initiative | 0.015 | ||
Mean (SD) | 65.6 (24.9) | 61.3 (26.6) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.005 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.7 (14.6) | 83.2 (18.0) | |
Opportunity recognition | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 82.8 (15.3) | 78.9 (16.9) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 82.8 (17.3) | 81.6 (15.7) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.091 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.1 (14.7) | 84.3 (13.9) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.092 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.6 (15.1) | 84.6 (15.2) | |
Mobilising others | 0.069 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.0 (15.2) | 84.9 (16.0) | |
Working with others | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.5 (14.6) | 85.2 (15.6) | |
Money sense | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 82.8 (19.8) | 80.4 (19.7) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≤ 1 Quest
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 1 Quest | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 664 | Pre: Baseline, N = 664 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 77.2 (20.1) | 71.7 (20.8) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 44.2 (25.1) | 45.6 (24.7) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 36.6 (18.0) | 34.2 (14.7) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 31.8 (19.6) | 28.6 (14.8) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.8 (19.3) | 48.1 (18.2) | |
Need to achieve | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.1 (25.8) | 79.8 (25.1) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.1 (20.4) | 83.7 (19.7) | |
Resilience | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.5 (20.0) | 85.2 (19.8) | |
Values Driven | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.3 (23.8) | 74.7 (24.0) | |
Taking action and initiative | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 67.9 (26.0) | 64.4 (26.1) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.3 (15.3) | 86.5 (15.0) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.9 (16.5) | 83.3 (15.6) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.0 (16.9) | 83.2 (17.0) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.13 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.3 (14.9) | 86.3 (14.8) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.9 (14.2) | 87.2 (13.6) | |
Mobilising others | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 89.4 (13.9) | 88.8 (13.7) | |
Working with others | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.9 (13.5) | 88.7 (13.2) | |
Money sense | 0.075 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.4 (16.5) | 85.0 (16.9) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 2 Quests
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 2 Quests | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 615 | Pre: Baseline, N = 615 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 77.4 (19.9) | 71.7 (21.1) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 44.7 (25.2) | 45.9 (24.9) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 36.9 (18.3) | 34.2 (14.5) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 32.2 (19.9) | 28.6 (14.8) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.7 (19.5) | 47.7 (18.2) | |
Need to achieve | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.1 (25.6) | 79.6 (25.1) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.2 (20.2) | 83.8 (19.5) | |
Resilience | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.9 (19.4) | 85.1 (19.8) | |
Values Driven | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.4 (23.4) | 74.9 (24.1) | |
Taking action and initiative | 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 68.2 (26.1) | 64.6 (25.9) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.3 (15.3) | 86.4 (14.9) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.9 (16.4) | 83.3 (15.6) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.1 (16.8) | 83.1 (16.9) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.13 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.2 (14.8) | 86.2 (14.8) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.9 (14.0) | 87.3 (13.6) | |
Mobilising others | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 89.3 (13.9) | 88.8 (13.7) | |
Working with others | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.8 (13.4) | 88.7 (13.1) | |
Money sense | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.1 (16.6) | 85.0 (16.9) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 3 Quests
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 3 Quests | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 577 | Pre: Baseline, N = 577 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 77.5 (19.7) | 71.9 (21.0) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 45.2 (25.4) | 46.2 (25.0) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 37.0 (18.4) | 34.2 (14.6) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 32.5 (20.1) | 28.5 (14.8) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.13 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.8 (19.6) | 47.4 (18.3) | |
Need to achieve | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.1 (25.5) | 79.7 (25.2) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.1 (20.5) | 83.8 (19.6) | |
Resilience | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.9 (19.3) | 84.7 (20.1) | |
Values Driven | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.8 (23.5) | 75.1 (23.9) | |
Taking action and initiative | 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 68.7 (26.0) | 65.1 (25.6) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.3 (15.4) | 86.4 (15.1) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.0 (16.6) | 83.5 (15.8) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.9 (17.2) | 83.0 (17.2) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.2 (14.9) | 86.2 (15.0) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.8 (14.2) | 87.3 (13.7) | |
Mobilising others | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 89.1 (14.1) | 88.7 (13.9) | |
Working with others | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.7 (13.6) | 88.8 (13.0) | |
Money sense | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.0 (16.8) | 85.1 (16.9) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 4 Quests
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 5 Quests | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 538 | Pre: Baseline, N = 538 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 77.9 (19.8) | 71.9 (21.3) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 45.5 (25.8) | 46.8 (25.2) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 37.1 (18.7) | 34.3 (14.8) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 32.8 (20.6) | 28.8 (15.1) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.10 | ||
Mean (SD) | 48.9 (20.0) | 47.3 (18.3) | |
Need to achieve | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 79.7 (25.8) | 80.0 (24.7) | |
Need for autonomy | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 83.8 (21.0) | 83.8 (19.5) | |
Resilience | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.9 (19.6) | 84.8 (20.0) | |
Values Driven | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.5 (23.9) | 75.2 (23.8) | |
Taking action and initiative | 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 69.3 (26.2) | 65.4 (25.7) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.2 (15.6) | 86.3 (15.2) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.0 (16.9) | 83.5 (16.0) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.2 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.2 (17.4) | 83.0 (17.4) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.14 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.2 (15.1) | 86.1 (15.2) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.9 (14.4) | 87.2 (14.0) | |
Mobilising others | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 89.1 (14.3) | 88.7 (14.1) | |
Working with others | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.8 (13.7) | 88.7 (13.3) | |
Money sense | 0.4 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.9 (17.1) | 85.2 (16.8) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 5 Quests
Pre-post test analysis of learners who only completed ≥ 5 Quests | |||
| Period |
| |
Variable | Post: Endline, N = 503 | Pre: Baseline, N = 503 | p-value1 |
Entrepreneurial experience | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 78.1 (19.7) | 72.0 (21.3) | |
Business preparation (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 1) | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 45.2 (25.6) | 46.7 (25.2) | |
Intend to start-up (Entrepreneurial intention – EI 2) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 37.4 (18.9) | 34.3 (14.8) | |
Positive entrepreneurial mindset (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 1) | <0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 33.1 (20.8) | 28.5 (14.6) | |
Structured tasks and following others’ rules (Entrepreneurial mindset – EM 2) | 0.077 | ||
Mean (SD) | 49.1 (19.9) | 47.4 (18.2) | |
Need to achieve | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 80.1 (25.6) | 80.2 (24.5) | |
Need for autonomy | 0.8 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.1 (20.4) | 83.8 (19.5) | |
Resilience | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 86.1 (19.3) | 85.4 (19.3) | |
Values Driven | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 74.7 (23.8) | 75.4 (23.8) | |
Taking action and initiative | 0.001 | ||
Mean (SD) | 69.5 (25.8) | 65.5 (25.6) | |
Self-efficacy | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.3 (15.5) | 86.4 (15.3) | |
Opportunity recognition | 0.7 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.0 (16.7) | 83.7 (15.9) | |
Opportunity assessment | 0.3 | ||
Mean (SD) | 84.2 (17.3) | 83.2 (17.6) | |
Innovative problem-solving | 0.12 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.4 (14.9) | 86.2 (15.3) | |
Resourcefulness | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 87.9 (14.2) | 87.4 (13.9) | |
Mobilising others | 0.5 | ||
Mean (SD) | 89.2 (14.4) | 88.7 (14.3) | |
Working with others | >0.9 | ||
Mean (SD) | 88.7 (13.9) | 88.7 (13.4) | |
Money sense | 0.6 | ||
Mean (SD) | 85.7 (17.2) | 85.2 (16.9) | |
1Paired t-test | |||
The pre-post analysis revealed that of the respondents who completed more than one quest (80% of the actively engaged), there was a statistically significant improvement in at least four key entrepreneurial factors, namely Entrepreneurial Experience, Entrepreneurial Intention (EI 2), Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM 1), and Taking Action and Initiative. The implication of this finding is that completing multiple quests is more effective at improving these entrepreneurial competencies than if one merely completes one.